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Taste sensitivity and divergence in host plant acceptance between adult females and larvae of Papilio hospiton

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 809-822页

作者： Giorgia Sollai Maurizio Biolchini Roberto Crnjar Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of Physiology University of Cagliari 09042 Monserrato (CA) Italy

On the island of Sardinia the lepidopteran Papilio hospiton uses Ferula com- munis as exclusive host plant. However, on the small island of Tavolara, adult females lay eggs on Seseli tortuosum, a plant confined to the island. When raised in captivity on Seseli only few larvae grew beyond the first-second instar. Host specificity of lepidopterans is determined by female oviposition preferences, but also by larval food acceptance, and adult and larval taste sensitivity may be related to host selection in both cases. Aim of this work was：（i） to study the taste sensitivity of larvae and ovipositing females to saps of Ferula and Seseli; （ii） to cross-compare the spike activity of gustatory receptor neurons （GRNs） to both taste stimuli; （iii） to evaluate the discriminating capability between the two saps and determine which neural code/s is/are used. The results show that：（i） the spike responses of the tarsal GRNs of adult females to both plant saps are not different and therefore they cannot discriminate the two plants; （ii） larval L-lat GRN shows a higher activity in response to Seseli than Ferula, while the opposite occurs for the phagostimulant neurons, and larvae may discriminate between the two saps by means of multiple neural codes; （iii） the number of eggs laid on the two plants is the same, but the larval growth performance is better on Ferula than Seseli. Taste sensitivity differences may explain the absence of a positive relationship between oviposition preferences by adult females and plant acceptance and growth performance by larvae.

关键词： chemoreception feeding acceptance host-plant discrimination neural cod-ing oviposition preference Papilionidae

Colorectal cancer vaccines: Tumor-associated antigens vs neoantigens

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第48期24卷 5418-5432页

作者： Sandra Wagner Christina S Mullins Michael Linnebacher section of Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy General SurgeryUniversity Medical Center

Therapeutic options for the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC) are diverse but still not always satisfying. Recent success of immune checkpoint inhibition treatment for the subgroup of CRC patients suffering from hypermutated tumors suggests a permanent role of immune therapy in the clinical management of CRC. Substantial improvement in treatment outcome could be achieved by development of efficient patient-individual CRC vaccination strategies. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on the two general classes of targets: tumor-associated antigens(TAAs) and tumorspecific antigens. TAAs like carcinoembryonic antigen and melanoma associated antigen are present in and shared by a subgroup of patients and a variety of clinical studies examined the efficacy of different TAA-derived peptide vaccines. Combinations of several TAAs as the next step and the development of personalized TAA-based peptide vaccines are discussed. Improvements of peptidebased vaccines achievable by adjuvants and immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics are highlighted. Finally, we sum up clinical studies using tumor-specific antigens-in CRC almost exclusively neoantigens-which revealed promising results; particularly no severe adverse events were reported so far. Critical progress for clinical outcomes can be expected by individualizing neoantigen-based peptide vaccines and combining them with immunestimulatory chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In light of these data and latest developments, truly personalized neoantigen-based peptide vaccines can be expected to fulfill modern precision medicine's requirements and will manifest as treatment pillar for routine clinical management of CRC.

关键词： Cancer vaccines Colorectal neoplasm Immunotherapy Neoplasm antigen tumor-associated antigens tumor-specific antigens Neoantigen(s)

Rethinking to riluzole mechanism of action: the molecular link among protein kinase CK1δ activity, TDP-43 phosphorylation, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pharmacological treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2083-2085页

作者： Maicol Bissaro Stefano Moro Molecular Modeling section (MMS) Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences University of Padova

Life expectancy in industrialized and developed countries will continue to increase in the near future. Consequently, over the last years, the incidence and social impact of neurodegenerative diseases have increased, highlighting an urgent need for new and more effective therapeutic strategies to counter these terrible disorders. While we tend to think about neurodegenerative diseases as conditions that are uniquely associated with the elder age, these diseases cover a diverse range across the entire lifespan, even affecting infants and children.

关键词： riluzole mechanism Life future

Biological Cycles of Mineral Elements in a Young Mixed Stand in Abandoned Mining Soils

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2007年第9期49卷 1284-1293页

作者： Da-Lun Tian Wen-Hua Xiang Wen-De Yan Wen-Xing Kang Xiang-Wen Deng Zhu Fan Research section of Ecology Central-South University of Forestry & Technology Changsha 410004 China

Phytoremediation as a sustainable and inexpensive technology based on the removal of pollutants from the environment by plants is becoming an increasingly important objective in plant research. In this study, biological cycles of five nutrient elements （N, P, K, Ca, and Mg） and eight heavy metal elements （Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Co） were examined in young paniculed goldraintree （Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm） and common elaeocarpus （Elaeocarpus decipens） mixed stands in an abandoned mining area. We found that after vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas, the organic matter and concentrations of nutrient elements were significantly increased and the heavy metal elements were significantly decreased, the annual retention, uptake and return were 75.0, 115.4, and 40.3 kg/hm^2 for nutrient elements, and 1 878.0, 3 231.0 and 1 353.0 g/hm^2 for heavy metal elements, respectively, with the utilization coefficient, cycling coefficient and turnover rate of 0.92, 0.35 and 0.32 for nutrient elements, and 1.24, 0.42 and 1.92 for heavy metal elements, respectively. Our results suggested that the vegetation restoration in abandoned mining areas had significant effects in improving environmental conditions, enhancing soil available nutrients, and ensuring human health.

关键词： abandoned mining areas biological cycle common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) heavy metal elements mixed stand paniculed goldraintree (Koelreuteria paniculata).

Sedimentary facies analysis of a high-frequency,small-scale,peritidal carbonate sequence in the Lower Jurassic of the Tripolis carbonate unit (central western Crete,Greece):Long-lasting emergence and fossil laminar dolocretes horizons

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2016年第3期5卷 241-257页

作者： Fotini A.Pomoni Vassilis Karakitsios section of Historical Geology and Paleontology Department of Geology and GeoenvironmentNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Abstract The study examines a Lower Jurassic （late Liassic） cyclic lagoonal-peritidal stratigraphic unit outcropping in central western Crete （Tripolis unit）, which corresponds to the eastern （internal） part of the mainland Gavrovo-Tripotis platform, the most significant external platform of the Hetlenides. The studied Tripolis carbonate sequence consists of meter-scale, shallowing-upward successions of restricted inner- carbonate platform facies, including cyclically repeated subtidal, intertidal and supratidal facies, that are separated by erosion surfaces （elementary cycles）. Each cycle starts with relatively open-marine facies, which are overlain by shallower, more restricted facies （tidal fiat progradation）. The lithofacies association includes dotomitic intraclastic-peloidal-bioclastic wackestones-packstones/floatstones and grainstones/rudstones dominated by a restricted shallow-marine fauna （bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and seldom benthic fora- minifers）, representing a shaUow subtidal to intertidal, moderately high-energy environment within an inner- platform setting （peritidal environment to restricted lagoon）. This lithofacies association has been intermit- tently subaeriaUy exposed and has undergone diagenetic processes in an inter- or supratidal environment, exhibiting features of vadose diagenesis and pedogenesis due to long-lasting exposure along certain horizons. The peritidat facies are capped by dolocretes controlled by root-activities （laminar dolocretes, petoi- dat-pisoid dolocretes and massive dotocretes）, marking the end of each depositional cycle, and, thus, dis- tinguishing the successive episodes of a prolonged subaerial exposure period and birth of pateosol horizons. Dotocretes consist a diagenetic facies, characterized by several vadose and pedogenic fabrics, including fenestral cavities with geopetal structures, ＂flower spar＂ to blocky sparry cement in primary pores, micritic coatings, crudely pelleted watts, atveotar-septat texture, in

关键词： External Heltenides Lower Jurassic Tripotis carbonate unit Peritidat environment Cyclo-thems Penesaline dolomites Dotocrete horizons "flower spar" dolomite cement

APRINDINE IN PREMATURE VENTRICULAR CONTRACTIONS POST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

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Chinese Medical Journal 1981年第8期94卷 518-522页

作者： Jan Lessem Heart section Department of MedicineMalm General HospitalSweden

The effectiveness of aprindine in reducingventricular extrasystoles is investigated in 17patients suffering from acute myocardial infarc-tion and l with ventricular tachycardia episodebut no evidence of acute *** is foundthat aprindine is not only effective against ven-tricular extrasystoles when given orally topatients with ischemic heart disease but also isa drug of choice for premature ventricular ***,the side effects of the drug,particularly agranulocytosis,will probably keepthe drug from being the one of choice in chro-nic premature ventricular contractions.

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Physiologically based microenvironment for in vitro neural differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第3期10卷 23-33页

作者： Adriana Carol Eleonora Graziano Rosanna Avola Vincenzo Perciavalle Ferdinando Nicoletti Gianluca Cicala Marinella Coco Venera Cardile Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Section of Physiology University of Catania Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences Section of Pathology and OncologyUniversity of Catania Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture University of Catania

The limited capacity of nervous system to promote a spontaneous regeneration and the high rate of neurodegenerative diseases appearance are keys factors that stimulate researches both for defining the molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology and for evaluating putative strategies to induce neural tissue regeneration. In this latter aspect, the application of stem cells seems to be a promising approach, even if the control of their differentiation and the maintaining of a safe state of proliferation should be troubled. Here, we focus on adipose tissue-derived stem cells and we seek out the recent advances on the promotion of their neural differentiation, performing a critical integration of the basic biology and physiology of adipose tissuederived stem cells with the functional modifications that the biophysical, biomechanical and biochemical microenvironment induces to cell phenotype. The pre-clinical studies showed that the neural differentiation by cell stimulation with growth factors benefits from the integration with biomaterials and biophysical interaction like microgravity. All these elements have been reported as furnisher of microenvironments with desirable biological, physical and mechanical properties. A critical review of current knowledge is here proposed, underscoring that a real advance toward a stable, safe and controllable adipose stem cells clinical application will derive from a synergic multidisciplinary approach that involves material engineer, basic cell biology, cell and tissue physiology.

关键词： Adipose stem cells Biomaterials Neurodegeneration Neural differentiation Physiological microenvironment

Mesenchymal stem cells: A new diagnostic tool?

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2015年第5期7卷 789-792页

作者： Maria Teresa Valenti Antonio Mori Giovanni Malerba Luca Dalle Carbonare Department of Medicine Section of Internal Medicine DUniversity of Verona Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences Section of Biology and GeneticsUniversity of Verona

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are progenitor cells capable of self-renewal that can differentiate in multiple tissues and, under specific and standardizedculture conditions, expand in vitro with little phenotypic alterations. In recent years, preclinical and clinical studies have focused on MSC analysis and understanding the potential use of these cells as a therapy in a wide range of pathologies, and many applications have been tested. Clinical trials using MSCs have been performed(e.g., for cardiac events, stroke, multiple sclerosis, blood diseases, auto-immune disorders, ischemia, and articular cartilage and bone pathologies), and for many genetic diseases, these cells are considered an important resource. Considering of the biology of MSCs, these cells may also be useful tools for understanding the physiopathology of different diseases, and they can be used to develop specific biomarkers for a broad range of diseases. In this editorial, we discuss the literature related to the use of MSCs for diagnostic applications and we suggest new technologies to improve their employment.

关键词： Mesenchymal stem cells Biomarkers Next generation sequencing Diagnostic tool Tumorinitiatingcells

Pericyte-like differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells:An in vitro study

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2020年第10期12卷 1152-1170页

作者： Giuliana Mannino Florinda Gennuso Giovanni Giurdanella Federica Conti Filippo Drago Salvatore Salomone Debora Lo Furno Claudio Bucolo Rosario Giuffrida Physiology section Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesUniversity of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Pharmacology section Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Biochemistry section Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological SciencesSchool of MedicineUniversity of CataniaCatania 95123Italy

BACKGROUND Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells(ASCs)are characterized by long-term self-renewal and a high proliferation *** adequate conditions,they may differentiate into cells belonging to mesodermal,endodermal or ectodermal *** support endothelial cells and play an important role in stabilizing the vessel wall at the microcirculation *** loss of pericytes,as occurs in diabetic retinopathy,results in a breakdown of the blood-retina barrier(BRB)and infiltration of inflammatory *** this context,the use of pericytelike differentiated ASCs may represent a valuable therapeutic strategy for restoring BRB *** To test in vitro strategies to obtain pericyte-like differentiation of human ASCs(hASCs).METHODS Different culture conditions were tested:hASCs cultured in a basal medium supplemented with transforming growth factorβ1;and hASCs cultured in a specific pericyte medium(PM-hASCs).In a further sample,pericyte growth supplement was omitted from the *** addition,cultures of human retinal pericytes(hRPCs)were used for ***-like differentiation of hASCs was tested by immunocytochemical staining and western blotting to evaluate the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and neural/glial antigen 2(NG2).Interactions between human retinal endothelial cells(hRECs)and different groups of hASCs were investigated in co-culture *** these cases,the expression of typical junctional proteins such as vascular endothelial-Cadherin,zonula occludens-1 and Occludin were assessed in *** an in vitro model of the BRB,values of trans-endothelial electrical resistance were measured when hRECs were co-cultured with various groups of pretreated *** values observed were compared with co-cultures of hRECs and hRPCs as well as with cultures of hRECs ***-dimensional co-cultures of hRECs and hRPCs or pericyte-like hASCs in Matrigel were designed to assess their reciprocal *** After 3-6 d of cult

关键词： Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells Pericyte-like differentiation Retinal endothelial cells Retinal pericytes Blood-retina barrier Junction proteins