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Volatile organic compounds for the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma—A scoping review

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iLIVER 2024年第1期3卷 45-51页

作者： Sayed Metwaly Alicja Psica Opeyemi Sogaolu Irfan Ahmed Ashis Mukhopadhya Mirela Delibegovic Mohamed Bekheit Division of internal medicine Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryNHS GrampianScotlandAberdeenAB252ZDUnited Kingdom Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre School of MedicineMedical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenForesterhill Health CampusAberdeenAB252ZDUnited Kingdom department of Critical Care medicine University of CalgaryAlberta T2N 2T9Canada department of General Surgery Aberdeen Royal InfirmaryNHS GrampianScotlandAberdeen AB252ZDUnited Kingdom Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre Lahore 54000Pakistan Hépatica Centre of Integrated HPB CareElite HospitalAlexandria 21325Egypt

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is an increasingly common and the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide with a 5-year survival rate about 12%.Less than 20%of HCC patients are eligible to curative treatment owing to the late ***,there is a need for a readily accessible,early screening *** scoping review critically appraises and synthesizes the current published knowledge about the use of exhaled volatile organic compounds(VOCs)as a potential noninvasive means for HCC detection aiming to advance this nascent field.A systematic electronic search was *** search strategy included all studies published until the 24th of March 2023 using a combination of relevant *** search yielded 9 publications using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses *** of the studies described in vitro experiments,and seven clinical studies were conducted on small groups of ***,42 headspace gases were analyzed in the in vitro ***,the clinical studies included 420 HCC patients and 630 *** studies reported potential role for a combination of VOCs in the diagnosis of ***,there is lack of *** there appears to be promise in VOCs research associated with HCC,there is no single volatile biomarker in exhaled breath attributed to HCC and data from extracted studies indicates a lack of *** multicentre population studies are required to verify the existence of VOCs linked to HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Volatile organic compounds Metabolomics

Pegylated IFN-α2b added to ongoing lamivudine therapy in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第15期12卷 2417-2422页

作者： Themistoklis Vassiliadis Kalliopi Patsiaoura Konstantinos Tziomalos Theodoros Gkiourtzis Olga Giouleme Nikolaos Grammatikos Despoina Rizopoulou Nikolaos Nikolaidis Panagiotis Katsinelos Eleni Orfanou-Koumerkeridou Nikolaos Eugenidis 2nd propaedeutic department of internal medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Hippokration General HospitalThessalonikiGreece department of Pathology Hippokration General Hospital ThessalonikiGreece 4th department of internal medicine Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Hippokration General HospitalThessalonikiGreece

AIM： To investigate the role of pegylated-interferon （IFN）α-2b in the management of patients with lamivudineresistant chronic hepatitis B. METHODS： Twenty consecutive anti-HBe positive patients were treated with pegylated IFN α-2b （100 IJg sc once weekly） for 12 mo. There was no interruption in lamivudine therapy. Hematology, liver biochemistry, serum HBV DNA levels were detected by PCR, and vital signs were also assessed. Liver histology was assessed in some patients at entry and at wk 52 for comparison. RESULTS： Nine patients （45%） had a partial virological end-treatment response; seven patients （35%） showed complete virological end-treatment response. Eight patients （40%） showed biochemical end-treatment response. There was a trend for higher virological response rates in patients who had previously responded to IFN and relapsed compared to IFN non-responders （four out of seven patients vs none out of six patients, respectively; P=0.1）. Patients without virological endtreatment response showed significant worsening of fibrosis [median score 2 （range, 1 to 3） vs median score 3 （range, 1 to 4）], in the first and second biopsy respectively （P=0.014）, whereas necroinflammatory activity was not significantly affected. Patients with complete or partial virological end-treatment response did not show any significant changes in histological findings, possibly due to the small number of patients with paired biopsies （n = 5）. Nevertheless, after 12 mo of follow-up, only onepatient （5%） showed sustained virological response and only 2 patients （10%） showed sustained biochemical response. Two patients （10%） discontinued pegylated ]FN both after 6 mo of treatment due to flu-like symptoms. CONCLUSION： Pegylated IFNα-2b, when added to ongoing lamivudine therapy in patients with lamivudineresistant chronic hepatitis B, induces sustained responses only in a small minority of cases.

关键词： Pegylated interferon Lamivudine resistance HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B Adefovir

Effects of an active lifestyle on the physical frailty of liver transplant candidates

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World Journal of Transplantation 2022年第11期12卷 365-377页

作者： Ilias Marios Oikonomou Emmanouil Sinakos Nikolaos Antoniadis Ioannis Goulis Olga Giouleme Maria Anifanti Georgios Katsanos Konstantina-Eleni Karakasi Georgios Tsoulfas Evangelia Kouidi department of Transplant Surgery Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece The Fourth department of internal medicine Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece The second propaedeutic department of internal medicine Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54642Greece Laboratory of Sports medicine Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 57001Greece

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation is the most important therapeutic intervention for end-stage liver disease(ELD).The prioritization of these patients is based on the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),which can successfully predict short-term ***,despite its great validity and value,it cannot fully incorporate several comorbidities of liver disease,such as sarcopenia and physical frailty,variables that can sufficiently influence the survival of such ***,there is growing interest in the importance of physical frailty in regard to mortality in liver transplant candidates and recipients,as well as its role in improving their survival *** To evaluate the effects of an active lifestyle on physical frailty on liver transplant *** An observational study was performed within the facilities of the department of Transplant Surgery of Aristotle University of *** liver transplant candidate patients from the waiting list of the department were included in the *** that were bedridden,had recent cardiovascular incidents,or had required inpatient treatment for more than 5 d in the last 6 mo were excluded from the *** following variables were evaluated:Activity level via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ);functional capacity via the 6-min walking test(6MWT)and cardiopulmonary exercise testing;and physical frailty via the Liver Frailty Index(LFI).RESULTS According to their responses in the IPAQ,patients were divided into the following two groups based on their activity level:Active group(A,10 patients);and sedentary group(S,10 patients).Comparing mean values of the recorded variables showed the following results:MELD(A:12.05±5.63 vs S:13.99±3.60;P>0.05);peak oxygen uptake(A:29.78±6.07 mL/kg/min vs S:18.11±3.39 mL/kg/min;P<0.001);anaerobic threshold(A:16.71±2.17 mL/kg/min vs S:13.96±1.45 mL/kg/min;P<0.01);6MWT(A:458.2±57.5 m vs S:324.7±55.8 m;P<0.001);and LFI(A:3.75±0.31 vs

关键词： Liver transplantation Frailty Six-minute walk test Cardiopulmonary exercise testing Exercise therapy Observational study

Biochemical metabolic changes assessed by ^(31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy after radiation-induced hepatic injury in rabbits

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第22期15卷 2723-2730页

作者： Ri-Sheng Yu Liang Hao Fei Dong Jian-Shan Mao Jian-Zhong Sun Ying Chen Min Lin Zhi-Kang Wang Wen-Hong Ding department of Radiology Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang Province China department of internal medicine Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang Province China department of Pathology Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou 310009 Zhejiang Province China

AIM： To compare the features of biochemical metabolic changes detected by hepatic phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy （^31p MRS） with the liver damage score （LDS） and pathologic changes in rabbits and to investigate the diagnostic value of ^31p MRS in acute hepatic radiation injury. METHODS： A total of 30 rabbits received different radiation doses （ranging 5-20 Gy） to establish acute hepatic injury models. Blood biochemical tests, ^31p MRS and pathological examinations were carried out 24 h after irradiation. The degree of injury was evaluated according to LD5 and pathology. Ten healthy rabbits served as controls. The MR examination was performed on a 1.5 T imager using a 1H/^31P surface coil by the 2D chemical shift imaging technique. The relative quantities of phosphomonoesters （PME）, phosphodiesters （PDE）, inorganic phosphate （Pi） and adenosine triphosphate （ATP） were measured. The data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS：（1） Relative quantification of phosphorus metabolites：（a） ATP： there were significant differences （P 〈 0.05）（LDS-groups：control group vs mild group vs moderate group vs severe group, 1.83±0.33 vs 1.55±0.24 vs 1.27±0.09 vs 0.98±0.18; pathological groups： control group vs mild group vs moderate group vs severe group, 1.83±0.33 vs 1.58±0.25 vs 1.32±0.07 vs 1.02±0.18） of ATP relative quantification among control group, mild injured group, moderate injured group, and severe injured group according to both LDS grading and pathological grading, respectively, and it decreased progressively with the increased degree of injury （r = -0.723, P = 0.000）. （b） PME and Pi; the relative quantification of PME and Pi decreased significantly in the severe injured group, and the difference between the control group and severe injured group was significant （P 〈 0.05）（PME： 1DS- control group vs LDS-severe group, 0.86±0.23 vs 0.58±0.22, P = 0.031; pathological control group vs pathological severe group, 0.86±0.23 vs 0.60±0.21, P = 0.037; Pi： LDS-control

关键词： Liver Magnetic resonance spectroscopy Animal models Pathology Adenosine triphosphate

Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis as a risk factor for colonic neoplasms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1485-1492页

作者： Izumi Inoue Jun Kato Hideyuki Tamai Mikitaka Iguchi Takao Maekita Noriko Yoshimura Masao Ichinose the second department of internal medicine Wakayama Medical University department of Joint Disease Research Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo Bunkyoku

To summarize the current views and insights on associations between Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori)-related chronic gastritis and colorectal neoplasm, we reviewed recent studies to clarify whether H. pylori infection/H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is associated with an elevated risk of colorectal neoplasm. Recent studies based on large databases with careful control for confounding variables have clearly demonstrated an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm associated with H. pylori infection. The correlation between H. pylori-related chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG) and colorectal neoplasm has only been examined in a limited number of studies. A recent large study using a national histopathological database, and our study based on the stage of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis as determined by serum levels of H. pylori antibody titer and pepsinogen, indicatedthat H. pylori-related CAG confers an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm, and more extensive atrophic gastritis will probably be associated with even higher risk of neoplasm. In addition, our study suggested that the activity of H. pylori-related chronic gastritis is correlated with colorectal neoplasm risk. H. pylori-related chronic gastritis could be involved in an increased risk of colorectal neoplasm that appears to be enhanced by the progression of gastric atrophy and the presence of active inflammation.

关键词： Colorectal neoplasm Cancer risk Pepsinogen Helicobacter pylori antibody Atrophic gastritis

Gorham-Stout syndrome in China's Mainland:a case series of 67 patients and review of the literature

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2013年第8期14卷 729-735页

作者： Po HU Xiang-gui YUAN Xin-yang HU Fa-rong SHEN Jian-an WANG Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province Department of Cardiology the Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University department of Cardiology Zhejiang Hospital department of internal medicine Hangzhou Binjiang Hospital the second Affiliated Hospital (Binjiang Branch) School of Medicine Zhejiang University

Objective:Gorham-Stout syndrome (GSS) is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology and unpredictable prognosis. This study aims to present a comprehensive understanding of this rare entity. Methods:A literature search in PubMed and three Chinese databases was performed to screen histologically proven GSS cases among Chinese residents in the mainland. We analyzed the patients' clinical characteristics, the value of different treatment modalities and their influence on the clinical outcome. Results:Sixty-seven cases were finally enrolled. There were 43 men (64.2%) and 24 women (35.8%). The mean age at diagnosis was 28 years (1.5-71 years). The most common clinical symptoms included pain (n=40, 59.7%), functional impairment (n=13, 19.4%), and swelling (n=12, 17.9%). The radiographic presentation of 37 cases (55.2%) was disappearance of a portion of the bone. The others presented as radiolucent foci in the intramedullary or subcortical regions. A total of 42 cases provided data on therapy, these included surgery (n=27, 40.3%), radiation therapy (n=6, 9.0%), surgery combined with radiation therapy (n=2, 3.0%), and medicine therapy (n=7, 10.4%). For 30 of these 42 cases, follow-up data were available:21 cases had the disorder locally controlled and 9 had a symptom progression. Fortunately, the disease is not fatal in the majority of cases. Conclusions:GSS has no specific symptoms and it should be taken into consideration when an unclear massive osteolysis occurs. The efficacies of different treatment modalities are still unpredictable and further research is required to assess the values of different treatments.

关键词： Gorham-Stout syndrome (GSS) Massive osteolysis Chinese

Increased prevalence of intestinal inflammation in patients with liver cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 1999年第5期5卷 391-396页

作者： Saitoh O Sugi K Lojima K Matsumoto H Nakagawa K Kayazawa M Tanaka S Teranishi T Hirata I Katsu Ki K second department of internal medicine Osaka Medical College Takatsuki Japan department of Gastroenterology Ijinkai Takeda General Hospital Kyoto Japan

AIM To investigate the pathophysiology of the digestive tract in patients with liver *** In 42 cirrhotic patients and 20control subjects, the following fecal proteinswere measured by enzyme-linkedimmunosorb6nt assay: albumin (Alb ),transferrin (Tf), and al-antitrypsin (a,-AT) as amarker for intestinal protein l0ss, hemoglobin(Hb) for bleeding, PMN-eIastase for intestinalinflammation, and secretory lgA for *** The fecaI concentrations of Hb, Alb,Tf, al-AT, and PMN’eIastase were increased in13 (3l%), 8(19%), l0(24%), 6(14%), and 1l(26%) cases among 42 patients, resPectiveIy.F6cal concentration of secretory IgA wasdecreased in 7 (l7%) of 42 patients. However,these fecal concentrations were not related tothe severity or etiology of liver cirrhosis. Theserum Alb level was significantIy decreased inpatients with intestinal protein Ioss c0mpared tothat in patients without intestinal protein *** These findings suggest that: rob6sides the weIl’known pathological conditions,Such as bleeding and protein loss, intestinaIinflammati0n and decreased intestinaI immunityare found in cirrhotic patients, @ intestinalprotein loss contributes to hypoalbuminemia incirrhotic patients, and @ intestinaI inflammationshouId not b6 0verlooked in cirrhotic patients,since it may contribute to or cause intestinalprotein Ioss and oth6r various pathologicalconditions.

关键词： liver cirrhosis intestinal inflammation secretory IgA fecal proteins

“Oligometastatic pancreatic cancer”definition:The first step

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2023年第6期22卷 645-647页

作者： Maximos Frountzas Dimitrios Schizas Stylianos Kykalos Konstantinos G Toutouzas First propaedeutic department of Surgery Hippocration General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of MedicineAthensGreece First department of Surgery Laikon General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of MedicineAthensGreece second department of propaedeutic Surgery Laikon General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensSchool of MedicineAthensGreece

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is nowadays the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,but according to recent estimations it will become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA up to 2030,following lung *** implementation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy during recent years led to an increase of overall survival at 35 months in PDAC after R0 resection[1].However,pancreatic cancer has a particularity that makes it a real challenge for clinicians:only 20%of patients are diagnosed early enough to have a resectable pancreatic cancer,whereas 40%of patients present with locally advanced or non-resectable disease,while the rest present with distant metastases[2].Systemic chemotherapy plays the main role in metastatic PDAC treatment:polychemotherapy regimens such as FOLFIRINOX(folinic acid,5-fluorouracil,irinotecan and oxaliplatin)or combination of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel seemed to improve median overall survival from 6.8 to 11.1 months and 6.7 to 8.5 months,respectively[3].

关键词： chemotherapy metastatic cancer

Clock genes:Their role in colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第8期20卷 1986-1992页

作者： Theodoros Karantanos George Theodoropoulos Dimitrios Pektasides Maria Gazouli First department of propaedeutic Surgery School of MedicineUniversity of Athens11725 AthensGreece second Pathology department School of MedicineUniversity of Athens11725 AthensGreece department of Basic Medical Science Laboratory of BiologySchool of MedicineUniversity of Athens11725 AthensGreece

Clock genes create a complicated molecular time-keeping system consisting of multiple positive and negative feedback loops at transcriptional and translational levels. This circadian system coordinates and regulates multiple cellular procedures implicated in cancer development such as metabolism, cell cycle and DNA damage response. Recent data support that molecules such as CLOCK1, BMAL1 and PER and CRY proteins have various effects on c-Myc/p21 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and influence multiple steps of DNA damage response playing a critical role in the preservation of genomic integrity in normal and cancer cells. Notably, all these events have already been related to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent data highlight critical correlations between clock genes’ expression and pathogenesis, progression, aggressiveness and prognosis of CRC. Increased expression of positive regulators of this circadian system such as BMAL1 has been related to decrease overall survival while decreased expression of negative regulators such as PER2 and PER3 is connected with poorer differentiation, increased aggressiveness and worse prognosis. The implications of these molecules in DNA repair systems explain their involvement in the development of CRC but at the same time provide us with novel targets for modern therapeutic approaches for patients with advanced CRC.

关键词： Clock genes Colorectal cancer Development Prognosis