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Electrochemical conversion of methane to bridge the gap in the artificial carbon cycle

Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 286-308页

作者： Yuhao Peng Yuefeng Song Ihar Razanau Juanxiu Xiao Wei Xiao Di Hu Guoxiong Wang College of Chemistry and Molecular sciences Hubei Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources Wuhan University State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Physical-Chemical Technologies SSPA Scientific and Practical Materials Research Centre of NAS of Belarus State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology School of Marine Science and Engineering Hainan University Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Nottingham Ningbo China

Methane, an abundant one-carbon（C1） resource, is extensively used in the industrial production of vital fuels and value-added chemicals. However, current industrial methane conversion technologies are energy-and carbon-intensive, mainly due to the high activation energy required to break the inert C–H bond, low selectivity, and problematic side reactions, including CO2emissions and coke deposition. Electrochemical conversion of methane（ECM） using intermittent renewable energy offers an attractive solution, due to its modular reactor design and operational flexibility across a broad spectrum of temperatures and pressures. This review emphasizes conversion pathways of methane in various reaction systems, highlighting the significance and advantages of ECM in facilitating a sustainable artificial carbon cycle. This work provides a comprehensive overview of conventional methane activation mechanisms and delineates the complete pathways of methane conversion in electrolysis contexts. Based on surface/interface chemistry, this work systematically analyzes proposed reaction pathways and corresponding strategies to enhance ECM efficiency towards various target products, including syngas, hydrocarbons, oxygenates, and advanced carbon materials. The discussion also encompasses opportunities and challenges for the ECM process, including insights into ECM pathways, rational electrocatalyst design, establishment of benchmarking protocols, electrolyte engineering, enhancement of CH4conversion rates, and minimization of CO2emission.

关键词： Methane Electrochemical conversion Reaction mechanism Catalyst design Electrode Electrocatalysis

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Correlation of soil properties and fruit size of Callgonum mongolicum and related species

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Journal of Arid Land 2012年第1期4卷 63-70页

作者： Wei SHI BoRong PAN Habibullo SHOMURODOV Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Urumqi 830011 China Turpan Eremophytes Botanic Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Turpan 838008 China scientific center of plant production ＂botanika＂ Uzbek Academy of Sciences Tashkent 32 Uzbekistan

Correlations of soil properties and fruit size of Calligonum mongolicum Turcz. and related species were analyzed. The resullLs showed that the particle size characteristics of soils for growing Calligonum mongolicum and related species were similar, and the soils belonged to sandyones. The organic matter contents of soils were low （averaging 1.772 to 3.054 g/kg）, and the total salt content of soils was low too （averaging 0.471 g/kg）. The pH values indicated that the soils were alkaline, varying from pH 7.65 to 10.25. The results of Principal Component Analysis （PCA） and hierarchical cluster showed that 9 habitats could be divided into 6 types according to salt contents and pH values. Fruit sizes of different populations and the soil properties had significant linear correlations （P〈0.000）. It was concluded that the differences in fruit sizes among the populations of Calligonum mongolicum and related species werre related to soil variability, especially the nutrient contents of soils, and fruit size can not be considered as a taxonomic index of Calligonum mongofcum and related species.

关键词： Calligonum mongolicum related species soil properties fruit size correlation

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Effect of salinity and drought on symbiotical and bi-ochemical properties of <i>Onobrychis</i>and alfalfa

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Agricultural sciences 2012年第3期3卷 444-454页

作者： Zair S. Shakirov Sardor A. Khakimov Khabibullo F. Shomurodov Institute of Microbiology Uzbek Academy of Sciences Tashkent Uzbekistan scientific center of plant production “botanika” Uzbek Academy of Sciences Tashkent Uzbekistan

To search for an alternative to alfalfa under conditions of salinity and drought, a comparative study was carried out to explore the effect of salinity on the symbiosis of alfalfa and local esparcet species (Onobrychis transcaucasica and Onobrychis chorassanica) inoculated with their nodule bacteria. The salinity of up to 30 mM NaCl insignificantly affected the biomass growth of shoots and roots of alfalfa plants, but the increase in the salinity from 30 to as high as 140 mM NaCl led to the biomass decrease. The salinity produced a double effect on the nodulation process in inoculated alfalfa plants as follows: 1) at 30 - 100 mM NaCl the stimulation of nodulation and increased leghemoglobin activity were observed;2) at salinity concentrations higher than 100 mM NaCl the suppression of both nodule formation and leghemoglobin activity was observed. Alfalfa plants under inoculation with the Sinorhizobium meliloti 10 strain obtained a considerable resistance to salinity (50 - 80 mM NaCl). The efficient symbiosis of O. transcaucasica plants with Rhizobium sp. OT111 and O. chorassanica plants with Rhizobium sp. OC109 enhanced the adaptation of plants to salinity up to 150 mM NaCl. The gradual growth suppression of both Onobrychis plants species started from 200 mM NaCl, and salinity concentration 300 mM NaCl was critical (sublethal) for plants independently of inoculation by nodule bacteria. In field conditions, O. chorassanica was more resistant to salinity than O. transcaucasica, but minimal irrigation for both species of Onobrychis showed a higher effect on their growth and development than the moderate salinity at the concentration 75 mM NaCl. The lower limit (drought threshold) of drought-resistance of Onobrychis plants was 6% - 8% of soil humidity. In shoot and roots of alfalfa, both Onobrychis plant species subject to salt stress, aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase enzymes and different number of their isoforms as well as their electrophoretic mobilities/a

关键词： Onobrychis Species Alfalfa Nodule Bacteria Nodule Salinity Drought Enzyme Isoforms

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Effect of salinity on seed germination, growth and ion content in dimorphic seeds of Salicornia europaea L. （Chenopodiaceae）

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plant Diversity 2016年第4期38卷 183-189页

作者： Nikolai Orlovsky Ulbasyn Japakova Huifan Zhang Sergei Volis The J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben-Gurion University of the Negev POB 84990 Israel scientific center of plant production "botanika" of uzbek academy of sciences 2 F. Khodjaev Str.. 700143 Tashkent Uzbekistan Key Laboratory for plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 China

The halophyte Salicornia europaea L. is a widely distributed salt-tolerant plant species that produces numerous dimorphic seeds. We studied germination and recovery in dimorphic seeds of Central Asian S. europaea under various salinity conditions. We also tested the effects of various salts on Na＋ and K＋ accumulation during plant development from germination to anthesis under greenhouse conditions. We found good germination （close to control） of large seeds under NaCl between 0.5 and 2%, Na2SO4 and 2NaCl ＋ KCl ＋ CaCl between 0.5 and 3%, and 2Na2SO4 ＋ K2SO4 -- MgSO4 between 0.5 and 5%. For the small seeds, we found stimulating effects of chloride salts （both pure and mixed） under 0.5-1% concentrations, and sulfate salts under 0.5-3%. Both types of seeds showed high germination recovery potential. Salt tolerance limits of the two seed types during germination and at the later stages of development were very similar （4-5%）. During plant growth the optimal concentrations of mixed chloride and sulfate salts ranged from 0.5 to 2%. The mechanisms of salt tolerance in the two seed types of S. europaea appear to differ, but complement each other, improving overall adaptation of this species to high salinity.

关键词： Dimorphic seeds Germination Salinity Recovery Ion content

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How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 394-423页

作者： Bo Yu Dai-Yin Chao Yang Zhao Shanghai center for plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of plant Carbon Capture The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land *** sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water *** have studied how plants sense drought stress,or osmotic stress caused by drought,ever since Charles Darwin,and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in *** stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level,including changes in turgor,cell wall stiffness and integrity,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume,and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream *** this review,we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms,compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms,prospected how plants sense changes in turgor,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants,animals,yeasts,and bacteria,summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs,such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation,membrane water permeability,root hydrotropism,root halotropism,Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple *** also discussed the core scientific questions,provided perspective about the future directions in this field,and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.

关键词： cell volume drought membrane tension osmotic stress turgor

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Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第5期21卷 647-653页

作者： HUANG Yizong, HU Ying, LIU Yunxia Research center for Eco-Environmental sciences, Chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China. Research center for Eco-Environmental sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Accumulations of copper （Cu） and cadmium （Cd） in six rice cultivars （94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360） were evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination （100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu ＋ 1.0 mg/kg Cd） in a greenhouse. The dry weights of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0%, and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1, and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.

关键词： Cu Cd combined contamination soil uptake accumulation root surface iron plaques

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Bacterial melanin promotes recovery after sciatic nerve injury in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第1期10卷 124-127页

作者： Olga.V.Gevorkyan Irina B.Meliksetyan Tigran R.Petrosyan Anichka S.Hovsepyan Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Armenia Department of Kinesiology Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture scientific and production center "Armbiotechnology" National Academy of Sciences of Armenia

Bacterial melanin, obtained from the mutant strain of Bacillus Thuringiensis, has been shown to promote recovery after central nervous system injury. It is hypothesized, in this study, that bacterial melanin can promote structural and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury. Rats subjected to sciatic nerve transection were intramuscularly administered bacterial melanin. The sciatic nerve transected rats that did not receive intramuscular administration of bacterial melanin served as controls. Behavior tests showed that compared to control rats, the time taken for instrumental conditioned reflex recovery was significantly shorter and the ability to keep the balance on the rotating bar was significantly better in bacterial melanin-treated rats. Histomor- phological tests showed that bacterial melanin promoted axon regeneration after sciatic nerve injury. These findings suggest that bacterial melanin exhibits neuroprotective effects on injured sciatic nerve, contributes to limb motor function recovery, and therefore can be used for rehabil- itation treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration peripheral nerve injury sciatic nerve injury bacterial melanin motor function histomorphology behaviors neural regeneration

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A chromosome-level genome assembly reveals that tandem-duplicated CYP706V oxidase genes control oridonin biosynthesis in the shoot apex of Isodon rubescens

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Molecular plant 2023年第3期16卷 517-532页

作者： Yuwei Sun Jie Shao Haili Liu Hua Wang Guangyi Wang Jianhua Li Yaping Mao Zhuo Chen Ke Ma Lin Xu Yong Wang CAS-Key LaboratoryofSynthetic Bioogy CAS Center forEcellenceinMolecular Plant SciencesInsttuteof Plant Physioogy andEoogyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039China National Key Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

The ent-kaurenoids(e.g.,oridonin and enmein)from the Isodon genus(Lamiaceae)are one class of diterpenoids with rich structural diversity and intriguing pharmaceutical *** contrast to the well-established gibberellin pathway,oxidative modifications diversifying the ent-kaurene skeleton in Isodon have remained undetermined for half a *** we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of ***,a well-recognized oridonin producer long favored by Asian people as a traditional herb with antitumor *** shoot apex was confirmed to be the actual region actively producing ent-kaurene *** comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses,we discovered a cluster of tandem-duplicated CYP706V oxygenase-encoding genes located on an ancient genomic block widely distributed in eudicots,whereas almost exclusively emerged in Isodon *** the shoot apex,IrCYP706V2 and IrCYP706V7 oxidized the ent-kaurene core in the initial stage of oridonin *** of CYP706Vs in other Lamiaceae plants offered an explanation for the specific kaurenoid production in Isodon ***,we found that the Isodon genomes encode multiple diterpenoid synthases that are potentially involved in generating diterpenoid *** findings provided new insights into the evolution of the lineage-specific diterpenoid pathway and laid a foundation for improving production of bioactive ent-kaurene-type diterpenoids by molecular breeding and synthetic biology approaches.

关键词： oridonin biosynthesis Isodon rubescens genome sequencing CYP706 oxidases diterpenoid diversity

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Genome editing in insects: current status and challenges

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National Science Review 2019年第3期6卷 399-401页

作者： Jun Xu Xia Xu Shuai Zhan Yongping Huang CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Insects constitute the largest group in the animal kingdom, and include many economically important species as well as pests. This abundance provides largescale genetic resources, and research on insects is beneficial from the perspectives of human health, agricultural production and basic science (Fig.1).The availability of many genetic tools has made Drosophila melanogaster a crucially important model organism

关键词： Genome editing in insects current status and challenges

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Structural Insights into the CatalyticMechanism of a plant Diterpene Glycosyltransferase SrUGT76G1

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plant Communications 2020年第1期1卷 190-200页

作者： Zhifeng Liu Jianxu Li Yuwei Sun Peng Zhang Yong Wang Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039China

Diterpene glycosyltransferase UGT76G1 from Stevia rebaudiana (SrUGT76G1) is key to the generation ofeconomically important steviol glycosides (SGs), a group of natural sweeteners with high-intensity sweetness. SrUGT76G1 accommodates a wide range of steviol-derived substrates and many other small molecules. We report here the crystal structures of SrUGT76G1 in complex with multiple ligands to answer howthis enzyme recognizes diterpenoid aglycones and catalyzes the 1,3-sugar chain branching. A spaciouspocket for sugar-acceptor binding was observed from the determined SrUGT76G1 structures, which canexplain its broad substrate spectrum. Residues Gly87 and Leu204 lining the pocket play key roles in switching between diterpenoid and flavonoid glucosylation. An engineered mutant of SrUGT76G1, T284S, couldcatalyze a selectively increased production of next-generation sweetener rebaudioside M, with diminishedside product of rebaudioside I. Taken together, these resutls provide significant insights into molecularbasis of the substrate specificity of scarcely documented diterpenoid glycosyltransferases and wouldfacilitate the structure-guided glycoengineering to produce diversified diterpenoids with new activities.

关键词： glycosyltransferase diterpenoid crystal structure substrate specificity enzyme engineering

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