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Long-term physical,mental and social health effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric population:a scoping review

World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期18卷 149-159页

作者： Madeline Borel Luyu Xie Olivia Kapera Adrian Mihalcea Jeffrey Kahn Sarah E.Messiah school of public health University of Texas Health Science CenterDallas Campus2777 N Stemmons FwyDallasTX 75207USA Center for Pediatric Population health University of Texas Health School of Public Health and Children’s Health System of TexasDallasTXUSA school of public health University of Texas Health Science CenterAustin CampusAustinTXUSA school of public health University of Texas Health Science CenterHouston CampusHoustonTXUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Children’s health System of Texas DallasTXUSA

Background The majority of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)symptom presentations in adults and children appear to run their course within a couple of ***,a subgroup of adults has started to emerge with effects lasting several months or more after initial infection,which raises questions about the long-term physical,mental and social health effects of COVID-19 in the pediatric *** purpose of this review was to determine these impacts well into the second year of the *** A search was conducted using PubMed,Web of Science,Science Direct,and Cochrane between 11/1/2019 and 9/1/*** inclusion criteria were as follows:(1)COVID-19 illness and symptoms in children;(2)severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children;(3)English language;and(4)human studies *** The few studies that have documented long-term physical symptoms in children show that fatigue,difficulty in concentrating(brain fog),sleep disturbances,and sensory problems are the most reported *** studies examining the impact of COVID-19 in pediatric populations have focused on initial clinical presentation,and symptoms,which are similar to those in adult *** addition,COVID-19 has had a moderate impact on children and adolescents’social environment,which may exacerbate current and future physiological,psychological,behavioral,and academic *** There are limited studies reporting long physical symptoms of COVID-19 in the pediatric ***,pediatric COVID-19 cases are underreported due to low rates of testing and symptomatic infection,which calls for more longitudinal *** who have experienced COVID-19 illness should be monitored for long physiological,psychological,behavioral,and academic outcomes.

关键词： Adolescents Children Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Long-COVID symptoms

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Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases among preschool aged children (1-5 years) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第3期8卷 102-103页

作者： Hlengiwe Sacolo-Gwebu Moses Chimbari Chester Kalinda school of Nursing and public health College of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalHoward CampusDurbanSouth Africa

Background:Despite efforts to control neglected tropical diseases(NTDs),schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases remain widely prevalent in sub-Saharan *** data suggest that these infections are prevalent among preschool aged children(PSAC)in poor *** of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths(STH)infection patterns and prevalence among PSAC is essential for effective treatment and control *** aim of the study was to determine the prevalence,intensity and risk factors of schistosomiasis and STH infection among PSAC in the Ingwavuma area of uMkhanyakude District,South ***:A cross-seaional study was conducted among 1143 PSAC aged 1-5 years in 34 preschools and early childhood development(ECD)*** on risk factors was collected using a semi-struaured questionnaire.A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the differences in infection intensity with *** Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess the association between PSAC infection status,sociodemographic,household,water and sanitation variables and hygiene practices of PSAC and their ***:We observed a low prevalence o f Schistosom a haem atobium(1.0%)and 5.m ansoni(0.9%).The prevalence of Ascaris lum bricoides(18.3%)was high compared to Trichuris trichiuro(1.2%),hookworms(1.6%)and Taenio(6.4%).The odds of schistosome infection were lowest among PSAC under younger(15-24 years)caregivers(0.1,95%CI:0.02-0.54)and those who used tap water(0.3,95%Cl:0.09-0.78)for domestic *** infection was however higher among PSAC who bathed in river water(17.4,95%CI:5.96-51.04).STH infection on the other hand was lowest among PSAC who did not play in soil(0.1,95%CI:0.51-0.28),were from households that used tap water for domestic purposes(0.5,95%CI:0.27-0.80)and PSAC under the care of younger(25-35 years)caregivers(0.3,95%Cl:0.10-0.75).The risk of STH infeaion was highest among PSAC who did no

关键词： Prevalence Risk factor Schistosomiasis Soil-transmitted helminth Preschool aged children KwaZulu-Natal South Africa

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Electrocardiographic abnormalities among Mexican Americans: Correlations with diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2012年第2期2卷 50-56页

作者： Saulette R. Queen Beverly Smulevitz Anne R. Rentfro Kristina P. Vatcheva David D. McPherson Susan P. Fisher-Hoch Joseph B. McCormick Susan T. Laing College of Nursing University of Texas at Brownsville Brownsville USA Division of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston Houston USA Division of Epidemiology Human Genetics and Environmental Health University of Texas School of Public Health Brownsville Campus Brownsville USA

INTRODUCTION: Resting ischemic electrocardiographic abnormalities have been associated with cardio-vascular mortality. Simple markers of abnormal autonomic tone have also been associated with diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome in some populations. Data on these electrocardiographic abnormalities and correlations with coronary risk factors are lacking among Mexican Americans wherein these conditions are prevalent. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalent resting electrocardiographic abnormalities among community-dwelling Mexican Americans, and to correlate these findings with coronary risk factors, particularly diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. METHODS: Study subjects (n = 1280) were drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort comprised of community-dwelling Mexican Americans living in brownsville, Texas at the United States-Mexico border. Ischemic electro-cardiographic abnormalities were defined as presence of ST/T wave abnormalities suggestive of ischemia, abnormal Q waves, and left bundle branch block. Parameters that reflect autonomic tone, such as heart rate-corrected QT interval and resting heart rate, were also measured. RESULTS: Ischemic electrocar-diographic abnormalities were more prevalent among older persons and those with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Subjects in the highest quartiles of QTc interval and resting heart rate were also more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, obesity, or the metabolic syndrome. CONCLU- SIONS: Among Mexican Americans, persons with diabetes, obesity, and the metabolic syndrome were more likely to have ischemic electrocardiographic abnormalities, longer QTc intervals, and higher resting heart rates. A resting electrocardiogram can play a complementary role in the comprehensive evaluation of cardiovascular risk in this minority population.

关键词： Electrocardiogram Minority Mexican American Coronary Risk Factors Diabetes Mellitus Obesity Metabolic Syndrome health Disparity

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Fatty acid intake in relation to reproductive hormones and testicular volume among young healthy men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 184-190页

作者： Lidia Minguez-Alarcon Jorge E Chavarro JJaime Mendiola Manuela Roca Cigdem Tanrikut Jesus Vioque Niels Jorgensen Alberto M Torres-Cantero Department of Environmental health Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA Department of health and Social Sciences Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Murcia School of Medicine IMIB-Arrixaca Espinardo (Murcia) Spain Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA Roca Fertility Advanced Clinic Management SLU Murcia Spain Department of Urology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA Department of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA ClBER Epidemiology and public health (ClBERESP) Institute of Health Ill (ISClII) Madrid Spain Department of public health Miguel Hernandez University EIche-Alicante Spain Department of Growth and Reproduction University of Copenhagen Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark Regional campus of International Excellence 'campus Mare Nostrum' University of Murcia Murcia Spain

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary fats may influence testicular function. However, most of the published literature on this field has used semen quality parameters as the only proxy for testicular function. We examined the association of fat intake with circulating reproductive hormone levels and testicular volume among healthy young Spanish men. This is a cross-sectional study among 209 healthy male volunteers conducted between October 2010 and November 2011 in Murcia Region of Spain. Participants completed questionnaires on lifestyle, diet, and smoking, and each underwent a physical examination, and provided a blood sample. Linear regression was used to examine the association between each fatty acid type and reproductive hormone levels and testicular volumes. Monounsaturated fatty acids intake was inversely associated with serum blood levels of calculated free testosterone, total testosterone, and inhibin B. A positive association was observed between the intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and luteinizing hormone concentrations. In addition, the intake of trans fatty acids was associated with lower total testosterone and calculated free testosterone concentrations （Ptrend = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively）. The intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was positively related to testicular volume while the intake of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids was inversely related to testicular volume. These data suggest that fat intake, and particularly intake of omega 3, omega 6, and trans fatty acids, may influence testicular function.

关键词： fat intake reproductive health reproductive hormones trans fatty acids young healthy men

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Schistosomiasis in Zambia:a systematic review of past and present experiences

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 394-403页

作者： Chester Kalinda Moses J.Chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa school of Nursing and public health College of Health SciencesHoward College CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa College of health Sciences Howard College CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa school of Life Sciences College of AgricultureEngineering and ScienceWestville CampusUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurbanSouth Africa

Background:The speedy rate of change in the environmental and socio-economics factors may increase the incidence,prevalence and risk of schistosomiasis infections in ***,available information does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the biogeography and distribution of the disease,ecology and population dynamics of intermediate host *** current study used an information-theoretical approach to understand the biogeography and prevalence schistosomiasis and identified knowledge gaps that would be useful to improve policy towards surveillance and eradication of intermediate hosts snails in ***:To summarise the existing knowledge and build on past and present experiences of schistosomiasis epidemiology for effective disease control in Zambia,a systematic search of literature for the period 2000-2017 was done on PubMed,Google Scholar and *** the key words:‘Schistosomiasis’,‘Biomphalaria’,‘Bulinus’,‘Schistosoma mansoni’,‘Schistosoma haematobium’,and‘Zambia’,in combination with Booleans terms‘AND’and‘OR’,published reports/papers were obtained and reviewed independently for ***:Thirteen papers published in English that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected for the final *** papers suggest that the risk of infection has increased over the years and this has been attributed to environmental,socio-economic and demographic ***,schistosomiasis is endemic in many parts of the country with infection due to Schistosoma haematobium being more prevalent than that due to *** review also found that *** was linked to genital lesions,thus increasing risks of contracting other diseases such as HIV and cervical ***:For both *** and ***,environmental,socio-economic,and demographic factors were influential in the transmission and prevalence of the disease and highlight the need for detailed knowledge on ecological modelling and mapping the distri

关键词： Biomphalaria Bulinus Epidemiology Ecology Literature review Schistosomiasis Schistosoma haematobium Schistosoma mansoni Zambia

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Relationship between parent perception of child anthropometric phenotype and body mass index change among children with developmental disabilities

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第2期17卷 210-214页

作者： Lu-Yu Xie Folefac D.Atem Sari Bar Matthew Sunil Mathew Cynthia Lebron Catherina Chang Ruby Natale Sarah E.Messiah University of Texas health Science Center at Houston School of Public HealthDallas CampusDallasTXUSA Center for Pediatric Population health UTHealth School of Public Health and Children's Health System of TexasDallasTXUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA Department of public health Sciences University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Nova Southeastern University DavieFLUSA Department of Pediatrics University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Background Preschool-age children with developmental disabilities(DD)have higher prevalence of obesity than children without *** study aimed to explore the relationship between parent perception of their children's anthropometric phe-notype and child body mass index(BMI)z score change over one school year among preschoolers with *** The analysis consisted of a subsample(N=64)of children with DD from a larger randomized controlled trial to test an obesity prevention program in the childcare center *** ranks their child's anthropometric phenotype on a visual silhouette chart on a scale from 1(underweight)to 7(obese)and that rank score is compared to their BMI z score change over one school *** The majority(75%)of parents with an obese child underestimated their child's anthropometric phenotype while 7%parents with a non-obese child *** overestimation of child anthropometric phenotype status is associated with increased BMI z score change over 1 school year among preschool-age children with *** Parental overestimation of child anthropometric phenotype status was associated with weight gain in preschool children with DD after one school year.

关键词： Anthropometric phenotype Children Developmental disabilities Obesity Weight perception

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Effects of sociodemographic characteristics and patients’health beliefs on tuberculosis treatment adherence in Ethiopia:a structural equation modelling approach

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1506-1515页

作者： Habteyes Hailu Tola Mehrdad Karimi Mir Saeed Yekaninejad Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesInternational CampusTehranIran Tuberculosis/HIV Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health InstituteP.O.Box 1242/5654 Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:Patients’beliefs are a major factor affecting tuberculosis(TB)treatment ***,there has been little use of health Belief Model(HBM)in determining the pathway effect of patients’sociodemographic characteristics and beliefs on TB treatment ***,this study was aimed at determining the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and patients’health beliefs on TB treatment adherence based on the HBM concept in ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa,Ethiopia among TB patients undertaking *** health centres were randomly selected and one hospital was purposely *** hundred and ninety-eight TB patients who had been on treatment for 1-2 month,were aged 18 years or above,and had the mental capability to provide consent were enrolled consecutively with non-probability sampling technique from the TB registration book until required sample size *** questionnaires were used to collect *** equation modelling was employed to assess the pathway relationship between sociodemographic characteristics,patients’beliefs,and treatment ***:Of the 698 enrolled participants,401(57.4%)were male and 490(70.2%)were aged 35 years and *** mean age of participants was 32(±11.7)and the age range was 18-90 *** barrier/benefit was shown to be a significant direct negative effect on TB treatment adherence(ß=−0.124,P=0.032).In addition,cue to action(ß=−0.68,P≤0.001)and psychological distress(ß=0.08,Phealthcare workers,and the media could be used t

关键词： Tuberculosis health belief Treatment adherence Structural equation modelling Ethiopia

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Malaria endemicity and co-infection with tissue-dwelling parasites in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 290-299页

作者： Nyamongo W.Onkoba Moses J.Chimbari Samson Mukaratirwa College of health Sciences School of Nursing and Public HealthUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalHoward CampusDurbanSouth Africa Departmet of Tropical Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate ResearchKarenNairobiKenya school of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalWestville CampusDurbanSouth Africa

Mechanisms and outcomes of host-parasite interactions during malaria co-infections with gastrointestinal helminths are reasonably *** contrast,very little is known about such mechanisms in cases of malaria co-infections with tissue-dwelling *** is lack of knowledge is exacerbated by misdiagnosis,lack of pathognomonic clinical signs and the chronic nature of tissue-dwelling helminthic infections.A good understanding of the implications of tissuedwelling parasitic co-infections with malaria will contribute towards the improvement of the control and management of such co-infections in endemic *** review summarises and discusses current information available and gaps in research on malaria co-infection with gastro-intestinal helminths and tissue-dwelling parasites with emphasis on helminthic infections,in terms of the effects of migrating larval stages and intra and extracellular localisations of protozoan parasites and helminths in organs,tissues,and vascular and lymphatic circulations.

关键词： Malaria Tissue-dwelling helminths Zoonosis Co-infection Immunomodulation

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Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第3期15卷 97-109页

作者： Philippa Douglas Daniela Fecht Deborah Jarvis National Heart and Lung Institute MRC Centre for Environment and HealthImperial College LondonLondonSW36LZUK Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental HazardsPublic Health EnglandHarwell CampusDidcotOxfordshireOX 11 ORQUK UK Small Area health Statistics Unit MRC Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonW2 IPGUK

Bioaerosol exposure has been linked to adverse respiratory *** farming and composting facilities are important anthropogenic sources of *** aimed to characterise populations living close to intensive farming and composting *** also infer whether the public are becoming more concerned about anthropogenic bioaerosol emissions,using reports of air pollution related incidents attributed to *** mapped the location of 1,257 intensive farming and 310 composting facilities in England in relation to the resident population and its characteristics(sex and age),area characteristics(deprivation proxy and rural/urban classification)and school locations stratified by pre-defined distance bands from these bioaerosol *** also calculated the average number of air pollution related incidents per year per *** found that more than 16%of the population and 15%of schools are located within 4,828 m of an intensive farming facility or 4,000 m of a composting facility;few people(0.01%)live very close to these sites and tend to be older *** to composting facilities,populations are more likely to be urban and more *** number of incidents were attributed to a small proportion of facilities;population characteristics around these facilities were *** indicate that populations living near composting facilities(particularly>250 to≤4,000 m)are mostly located in ur6an areas(80188%of the population),which supports the need for more community health studies to be *** could also be used to inform risk management strategies at facilities with higher numbers of incidents.

关键词： Composting Intensive farming Bioaerosol Population characteristics public health

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The microbiology of infected pancreatic necrosis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第5期17卷 456-460页

作者： Nicholas G.Mowbray Bassam Ben-Ismaeil Mohammed Hammoda Guy Shingler Bilal Al-Sarireh Swansea University Medical School Singleton Park Campus Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg University health Board Public Health Wales Microbiology ABM Morriston Hospital Abertawe Bro-Morgannwg University health Board Department of Surgery Morriston Hospital

Background: Acute pancreatitis(AP) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially when it leads to infected pancreatic necrosis(IPN). Modern treatment of IPN frequently involves prolonged courses of antibiotics in combination with minimally invasive therapies. This study aimed to update the existing evidence base by identifying the pathogens causing IPN and therefore aid future selection of empirical antibiotics. Methods: Clinical data, including microbiology results, of consecutive patients with IPN undergoing minimally invasive necrosectomy at our institution between January 2009 and July 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: The results of 40 patients(22 males and 18 females, median age 60 years) with IPN were reviewed. The etiology of AP was gallstones, alcohol, dyslipidemia and unknown in 31, 2, 2 and 5 patients, respectively. The most frequently identified microbes in microbiology cultures were Enterococcus faecalis and faecium(22.5% and 20.0%) and Escherichia coli(20.0%). In 19 cases the cultures grew multiple organisms. The antibiotics with the least resistance amongst the microbiota were teicoplanin(5.0%), linezolid(5.6%), ertapenem(6.5%), and meropenem(7.4%). Conclusion: The carbapenem antibiotics, ertapenem and meropenem provide good antimicrobial cover against the common, mainly enteral, microorganisms causing IPN. Culture and sensitivity results of acquired samples should be regularly reviewed to adjust prescribing and monitor for emergence of resistance.

关键词： Acute pancreatitis Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic necrosis Infected pancreatic necrosis Antibiotics Intra-abdominal infection

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