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Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.C.Ricardo Nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England population health WallsendNSW 2287Australia school of Medicine and Public health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National Centre of Implementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform practices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured ***:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary *** initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compli

关键词： school policy Clothing Child Adolescent Accelerometer

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The risk of mpox importation and subsequent outbreak potential in Chinese mainland: a retrospective statistical modelling study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 63-73页

作者： Xiaowei Deng Yuyang Tian Junyi Zoul Juan Yang Kaiyuan Sun Hongjie Yu school of Public health Key Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Division of International Epidemiology and population Studies Fogarty International CenterNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Background The 2022-2023 mpox(monkeypox)outbreak has spread rapidly across multiple countries in the non-endemic region,mainly among men who have sex with men(MSM).In this study,we aimed to evaluate mpox's importation risk,border screening effectiveness and the risk of local outbreak in Chinese *** We estimated the risk of mpox importation in Chinese mainland from April 14 to September 11,2022 using the number of reported mpox cases during this multi-country outbreak from *** and the international air-travel data from Official Aviation *** constructed a probabilistic model to simulate the effectiveness of a border screening scenario during the mpox outbreak and a hypothetical scenario with less stringent quarantine *** we further evaluated the mpox outbreak potential given that undetected mpox infections were introduced into men who have sex with men,considering different transmissibility,population immunity and population *** We found that the reduced international air-travel volume and stringent border entry policy decreased about 94% and 69% mpox importations *** the quarantine policy,15-19% of imported infections would remain *** a case of mpox is introduced into active MSM population with almost no population immunity,the risk of triggering local transmission is estimated at 42%,and would rise to>95% with over six *** Our study demonstrates that the reduced international air-travel volume and stringent border entry policy during the COvID-19 pandemic reduced mpox importations ***,the risk could be sub-stantially higher with the recovery of air-travel volume to pre-pandemic *** could emerge as a public health threat for Chinese mainland given its large MSM community.

关键词： Mpox(Monkeypox) Importation risk International air travel Statistical modelling Men who have sex with men

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A Prospective Cohort Study of Antimony Exposure and Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults—China,2017–2021

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China CDC weekly 2024年第23期6卷 537-541,I0001-I0007页

作者： Yidan Qiu Saisai Ji Chen Chen Jinhui Zhou Jun Wang Bing Wu Yuan Wei Fangyu Li Xulin Zheng Lanjing Xu Zheng Zhang Feng Zhao Guangdi Chen John SJi Yuebin Lyu Shilu Tong Xiaoming Shi Department of Big Data in health Science School of Public HealthZhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and population health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Center for Global health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing CityJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchun CityJilin ProvinceChina school of Public health China Medical UniversityShenyang CityLiaoning ProvinceChina Institute of Environmental health School of Public Healthand Bioelectromagnetics LaboratorySchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Environmental Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan CityJiangsu ProvinceChina Nicholas school of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA school of Public health Institute of Environment and Population HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei CityAnhui ProvinceChina school of Public health and Social Work Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia

What is already known about this topic?Antimony(Sb)has been identified as a new neurotoxicant that impacts neurological functions in animal ***,its effects on the human population remain *** is added by this report?The study reveals that there is an association between exposure to Sb and a higher incidence of cognitive impairment in older *** dose-response curve demonstrates that the risk of cognitive impairment consistently increased with higher levels of Sb exposure without a discernible *** are the implications for public health practice?Reducing exposure to Sb may have a beneficial effect in delaying or preventing the onset of cognitive *** intervention has the potential to significantly decrease the disease burden associated with cognitive impairment,ultimately contributing to social development.

关键词： Antimony development. exposure

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Epidemic intelligence trinity:Detection,risk assessment,and early warning

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第11期137卷 1313-1315页

作者： Ting Zhang Luzhao Feng Shengjie Lai Zhihang Peng Yajia Lan Weizhong Yang Department of Infectious Diseases School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China WorldPop School of Geography and Environmental ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK Department of Epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu 211166China Department of Occupational health and Environmental health West China School of Public HealthSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China

Emerging infectious diseases have been frequently *** occurrence of infectious diseases is highly uncertain because of the unpredictability of pathogen,the complexity of occurrence time and site,and the characteristics of *** detection and immediate implementation of effective interventions within a reasonable time are the keys to preventing pandemics.[1]However,due to the insufficiency of the traditional surveillance and early warning,which relied heavily on passive reporting by healthcare institutions,[2]the early warning time lags behind the risk factor identification,syndrome differentiation(pneumonia of unknown cause),and suspected case confirmation of the infectious disease at the gateway of clustered *** paper aimed to face the challenges mentioned above and propose a universal epidemic intelligence model to establish a novel infectious disease surveillance and early warning system based on the trinity of surveillance and detection,risk assessment,and early warning.

关键词： mentioned warning intelligence

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A Large-Scale Online Survey on Clinical Severity and Associated Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection — China, April–May 2023

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China CDC weekly 2024年第15期6卷 305-311,I0001-I0004页

作者： Yanxia Sun Yuping Duan Jie Qian Yimin Qu Ye Wang Guohui Fan Qiangru Huang Zhongjie Li Weizhong Yang Luzhao Feng State Key Laboratory of Respiratory health and Multimorbidity Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and ControlMinistry of EducationSchool of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

What is already known about this topic?Individuals who initially contract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)lack significant mixed ***,it is crucial to monitor the clinical characteristics and associated factors of these individuals in order to inform *** is added by this report?The common symptoms reported were fever,cough,and sore *** and receiving four vaccination doses within a 6-month period were found to be associated with a shorter duration of virus shedding,decreased hospitalization rate,and reduced risk of *** aged 60 years and older,as well as those with underlying medical conditions,had a higher risk of developing *** are the implication for public health practices?Online surveys conducted through social media platforms have the potential to complement disease surveillance and data collection *** terms of vaccination prioritization,it is recommended to prioritize older individuals and those with underlying diseases.

关键词： doses Online initially

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Epidemiological features of seasonal influenza transmission among 11 climate zones in Chinese mainland

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 27-41页

作者： Xiaohan Si Liping Wang Kerrie Mengersen Wenbiao Hu Ecosystem Change and population health Research Group School of Public Health and Social WorkQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4059Australia Information Center Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China school of Mathematical Sciences Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

Background Previous studies provided some evidence of meteorological factors influence seasonal influenza transmission patterns varying across regions and latitudes. However, research on seasonal influenza activities based on climate zones are still in lack. This study aims to utilize the ecological-based Koppen Geiger climate zones classification system to compare the spatial and temporal epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza in Chinese mainland and assess the feasibility of developing an early warning *** Weekly influenza cases number from 2014 to 2019 at the county and city level were sourced from China National Notifiable Infectious Disease Report Information System. Epidemic temporal indices, time series seasonality decomposition, spatial modelling theories including Moran’s/ and local indicators of spatial association were applied to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza *** All climate zones had peaks in Winter-Spring season. Arid, desert, cold (BWk) showed up the first peak. Only Tropical, savannah (Aw) and Temperate, dry winter with hot summer (Cwa) zones had unique summer peak. Temperate, no dry season and hot summer (Cfa) zone had highest average incidence rate (IR) at 1.047/100,000. The Global Moran’s/ showed that average IR had significant clustered trend (z = 53.69,P < 0.001), with local Moran’s/ identified high-high cluster in Cfa and Cwa. IR differed among three age groups between climate zones (0-14 years old:F = 26.80,P < 0.001;15-64 years old:F = 25.04,P < 0.001;Above 65 years old:F = 5.27,P < 0.001). Age group 0-14 years had highest average IR in Cwa and Cfa (IR= 6.23 and 6.21) with unique dual peaks in winter and spring season showed by seasonality *** Seasonal influenza exhibited distinct spatial and temporal patterns in different climate zones. Seasonal influenza primarily emerged in BWk, subsequently in Cfa and Cwa. Cfa, Cwa and BSk pose high risk for seasonal

关键词： Seasonal influenza Koppen Geiger climate zones classification system Chinese mainland Seasonality decomposition Local indicators of spatial association

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Community-led total sanitation(CLTS)implementation in West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly in *** do communities think eleven years on?

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Global health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 67-73页

作者： Elijah Adam Emmanuel Badu school of Media Creative and Social InquiryCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia school of population health Curtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia

Objective Access to improved sanitation is a fundamental human right and an important aspect of Public ***,an estimated thousands of people in Ghana especially,the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly(WMMA)still have no access to adequate toilet *** has brought untold health repercussions to the inhabitants,the community,and the environment at *** address this menace,the community-led total sanitation(CLTS)was *** study aimed to assess communities’perspectives on the implementation of CLTS and to understand the factors influencing its success and *** A mixed-method approach involving sequential qualitative and quantitative methods was employed in this *** for the quantitative study were randomly selected and surveyed using *** qualitative study employed focus group discussion involving purposively sampled participants including assembly members,opinion leaders,and assembly *** The CLTS program in WMMA realized an apparent use of construction and proper use of household latrines leading to a reduction of open defecation free(ODF)and two communities achieving sanitized status in the history of the study area,enabling the training of latrine artisans and natural leaders to facilitate the CLTS expansion and sustainability,improved sanitation and hygiene,strengthened the enforcement of community rules and regulations and many *** The CLTS program has received more widespread acceptance in the study area than the previous government policy of constructing public toilets,which was greeted with massive failures due to poor *** ensure that gains achieved through CLTS implementation are sustained longer,it is recommended that chiefs and opinion leaders should be involved in the CLTS programs to ensure checks and *** entrenchment of bylaws and more education to address enduring myths and misconceptions will sustain the *** in the form

关键词： Community-led total sanitation(CLTS) Community development Ghana Sanitation

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Sexual and Reproductive Service Interventions for Menstrual Regulation, Safe Abortion, and Post-abortion Care and Their Effectiveness During Disaster Response: A Global Systematic Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 359-373页

作者： Nibedita S.Ray-Bennett Winifred Ekezie Isha Biswas Nimra Iqbal Choudhary David Cowie Lasith Dissanayake Lauren Macleod Azukaeogo Nnaji Madhulika Sahoo school of Business University of Leicester Avoidable Deaths Network University of Leicester Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General Hospital University of Leicester school of Social Sciences and Humanities Aston University Lifespan and population health School of Medicine University of Nottingham school of Public health and Interdisciplinary Studies Auckland University of Technology Faculty of Life Sciences and Education University of South Wales West African Regional ECHO (WARE) APIN Public Health Initiatives Department of Anthropology Kalahandi University

Sexual and reproductive health(SRH) services are crucial for women especially during disasters, to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages, unsafe abortions, and post-abortion complications. This study explored the SRH interventions provided during disaster response. A systematic review was conducted to identify what menstrual regulation(MR), safe abortion(SA), and post-abortion care(PAC) approaches/interventions exist to promote resilience in the health system in disaster settings; what intervention components were most eff ective; and challenges and opportunities to meeting SRH rights. Five electronic databases were searched, resulting in 4194 records. Following the screening process, seven publications were included. The intervention-related information in each publication was assessed based on availability,accessibility, acceptability, and quality. Two SRH approaches/interventions were found. The eff ectiveness of intervention components could not be conducted due to the limited number of relevant studies. Challenges were found at facility and community levels, and opportunities included overcoming them, making MR, SA, and PAC integral to the mitigation phase,and policy change to overcome barriers related to unaff ordability and inaccessibility. Recommendations are provided to encourage research and policy towards improving neglected SRH in disaster settings to realize Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the Global Strategy and Sendai Framework's priority to promote disaster-resilient health systems.

关键词： Abortion Disasters Sendai framework Sexual and reproductive health Sustainable development goal

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Construction of Optimal Mixed-Level Uniform Designs

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第2期37卷 841-862页

作者： CHATTERJEE Kashinath LIU Min-Qian QIN Hong YANG Liuqing Department of population health Sciences Division of Biostatistics and Data ScienceAugusta UniversityGA 30912USA NITFID LPMC&KLMDASRSchool of Statistics and Data ScienceNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China school of Statistics and Mathematics Zhongnan University of Economics and LawWuhan 430073China

The theory of uniform design has received increasing interest because of its wide application in the field of computer *** generalized discrete discrepancy is proposed to evaluate the uniformity of the mixed-level factorial *** this paper,the authors give a lower bound of the generalized discrete discrepancy and provide some construction methods of optimal mixed-level uniform designs which can achieve this lower *** methods are all deterministic construction methods which can avoid the complexity of stochastic *** saturated mixed-level uniform designs and supersaturated mixed-level uniform designs can be obtained with these ***,the resulting designs are also χ^(2)-optimal and minimum moment aberration designs.

关键词： Generalized discrete discrepancy Hadamard matrix mixed-level design orthogonal array supersaturated design

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Associations between parental adherence to healthy lifestyles and cognitive performance in offspring:A prospective cohort study in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 683-693页

作者： Rongxia Lv Yuhui Huang Siyi Huang Shiyi Wu Siwen Wang Guangyu Hu Yanan Ma Peige Song Jorge E.Chavarro S.V.Subramanian Chunling Lu Zhihui Li Changzheng Yuan school of Public health the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Institute of Medical Information/Center for health Policy and Management Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of Public HealthChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110122China Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA Division of Global health Equity Brigham and Women’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Department of Global health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Vanke school of Public health Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Global health and population Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA 02115USA

Background:Previous studies have reported associations of specific maternal and paternal lifestyle factors with offspring’s cognitive development during early *** study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between overall parental lifestyle and offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and young adulthood in ***:We included 2531 adolescents aged 10-15 years at baseline in 2010 from the China Family Panel Studies.A healthy parental lifestyle score(ranged 0-5)was constructed based on the following five modifiable lifestyle factors:Smoking,drinking,exercise,sleep,and *** estimating equation models were used to examine the association between baseline parental healthy lifestyle scores and offspring’s fluid and crystallized intelligence in subsequent years(2012,2014,2016,and 2018).Results:Offspring in the top tertile of parental healthy lifestyle scores performed better in overall fluid intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.53,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29-0.77)and overall crystallized intelligence(multivariable-adjusted β=0.35,95%CI:0.16-0.54)than those in the bottom tertile of parental healthy lifestyle *** results were similar after further adjustment for the offspring’s healthy lifestyle scores and persisted across the subgroups of parental socioeconomic ***,maternal and paternal healthy lifestyle scores were independently associated with better offspring’s cognitive performance,with significant contribution observed for paternal never-smoking,weekly exercise,and diversified *** both parents and offspring adhered to a healthier lifestyle,we observed the highest level of the offspring’s overall crystallized ***:Our study indicates that parental adherence to a healthier lifestyle is associated with significantly better offspring’s cognitive performance during adolescence and early adulthood,regardless of socioeconomic *** findings highlight the poten

关键词： Cohort study Parental healthy lifestyle Offspring Cognitive performance Intelligence Adolescence

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