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Fast and Balanced Charge Transport Enabled by Solution-Processed Metal Oxide Layers for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第2期7卷 240-248页

作者： Jing Zhang James Mcgettrick Kangyu Ji Jinxin Bi Thomas Webb Xueping Liu Dongtao Liu Aobo Ren Yuren Xiang Bowei Li Vlad Stolojan Trystan Watson Samuel D.Stranks Wei Zhang Advanced Technology Institute(ATI) University of SurreyGuildfordSurrey GU27XHUK SPECIFIC College of EngineeringSwansea UniversityBay Campus SA18ENSwansea UK Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJ JThomson AvenueCambridge CB30HEUK Department of Chemical Engineering&Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK

Metal oxide charge transport materials are preferable for realizing long-term stable and potentially low-cost perovskite solar cells(PSCs).However,due to some technical difficulties(e.g.,intricate fabrication protocols,high-temperature heating process,incompatible solvents,etc.),it is still challenging to achieve efficient and reliable all-metal-oxide-based ***,we developed efficient inverted PSCs(IPSCs)based on solution-processed nickel oxide(NiO_(x))and tin oxide(SnO_(2))nanoparticles,working as hole and electron transport materials respectively,enabling a fast and balanced charge transfer for photogenerated charge *** further understanding and optimizing the perovskite/metal oxide interfaces,we have realized an outstanding power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.5%(the bandgap of the perovskite is 1.62 eV),which is the highest efficiency among IPSCs based on all-metal-oxide charge transport *** to these stable metal oxides and improved interface properties,ambient stability(retaining 95%of initial PCE after 1 month),thermal stability(retaining 80%of initial PCE after 2 weeks)and light stability(retaining 90%of initial PCE after 1000 hours aging)of resultant devices are enhanced *** addition,owing to the low-temperature fabrication procedures of the entire device,we have obtained a PCE of over 21%for flexible IPSCs with enhanced operational stability.

关键词： fast and balanced charge transfer inverted perovskite solar cells long-term stability low-temperature processing metal oxides

A detailed comparison of the composition of(RE)-Ba-Cu-O-Ag bulk superconductors

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 87-94页

作者： J.V.J.Congreve Y.Shi A.R.Dennis H.Druiff N.C.Tutt D.A.Cardwell J.H.Durrell Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

The homogeneity of the microstructure and composition are critical in determining the properties of rare earthbarium‐cuprate,single grain bulk superconductors[(RE)BCO].The magnitude of the trapped magnetic field achieveable in these technologically important materials,in particular,is influenced heavily by the size and distribution of(RE)_(2)BaCuO_(x)(RE‐211)flux pinning inclusions in the bulk microstructure,whereas the size and distribution of silver agglomerates present within the bulk superconducting matrix correlate directly with improved mechanical *** careful engineering,these materials have significant potential for application in range of devices related to energy storage,medicine,electro‐magnetic machinery and microelectronic *** of(RE)BCO bulk superconductors typically involves heating a powder compact above its peritectic decomposition temperature followed by slow cooling to facilitate the growth of a single ***(RE)BCO composition has a different peritectic temperature and growth rate,which,therefore,necessitates different requirements in the heating *** fabrication temperature and growth rate,for example,may have an effect on the RE‐211 and silver distribution,which may,in turn,affect the superconducting properties of the resulting single *** this work we compare the distributions of silver and RE‐211 in the single grain microstructures of YBCOAg,GdBCO‐Ag,EuBCO‐Ag and SmBCO‐Ag bulk superconductors using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray *** observe that the distributions are very similar along both the a/b‐axis and c‐axis of these *** suggests that factors other than the maximum temperature used to achieve peritectic decomposition and the rate of single grain growth are particularly influential in determining the properties of the as‐processed samples in the top seeded melt growth *** observation demonstrates there is freedom to us

关键词： YBCO‐Ag GdBCO‐Ag SmBCO‐Ag EuBCO‐Ag Composition Bulk superconductor

Are school uniforms associated with gender inequalities in physical activity? A pooled analysis of population-level data from 135 countries/regions

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 590-598页

作者： Mairead Ryan Luiza I.C.Ricardo Nicole Nathan Riikka Hofmann Esther van Sluijs Medical research Council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridge CB20QQUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridge CB28PQUK Hunter New England Population Health WallsendNSW 2287Australia School of Medicine and Public Health College of HealthMedicine and WellbeingUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia Hunter Medical research Institute New Lambton HeightsNSW 2305Australia National Centre of Implementation Science University of NewcastleCallaghanNSW 2308Australia

Purpose:It is aimed to assess whether school uniforms are associated with population-level gender inequalities in physical activity,and whether associations differ by school level,country/region income,and assessment ***:An ecological study design was *** collected data about global uniform practices using an online *** searched for country/region-level estimates of school-aged youth meeting physical activity guidelines from international surveillance *** selection was conducted in duplicate using a systematic process,and a random sample of all data was checked to ensure extraction and pooling processes were *** calculated absolute and relative gender inequalities in physical activity for each *** regression examined associations between country/region-level uniform practices(binary yes/no exposure variable) and country/region-level gender inequalities in physical activity guideline compliance(absolute and relative inequalities).We investigated moderation by school level,stratified analyses by income group,and repeated primary analyses using device-measured ***:Pooling data from 135 countries/regions(n=1,089,852),we found no association between population-level uniform practices and gender inequalities in physical activity across all ages(absolute:β=-0.2;95% confidence interval(95%CI):-1.7 to 1.3,p=0.74;relative:β=0.1;95%CI:-0.1 to 0.2,p=0.51).Subgroup analysis suggested a positive association in primary school settings(absolute:β=4.3;95%CI:-0.0 to 8.6,p=0.05).Among high-income countries,absolute inequalities were significantly greater in countries/regions with uniform practices(N=37) compared to those without(N=48)(9.1(SD=3.6) vs.7.8 percentage points(SD=4.3)).Repeating analyses using device-measured data(n=32,130;N=24) did not alter our primary *** initial descriptive statistics,we found that in countries/regions where a maj ority of schools(>50%) reportedly use uniforms,there was lower compli

关键词： School policy Clothing Child Adolescent Accelerometer

Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou Richard Reynolds Anna M.Barron Chih Hung Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerging form of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory signaling:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from glial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

A complete genome for a commercial duck

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 344-346页

作者： Jim KAUFMAN Institute for Immunology and Infection research University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FLUK Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeCB30ESUK

Biology has been revolutionized by the availability of whole genome sequences, along with all the associated approaches including genome-wide association studies, various-omics methodologies and now precise genome editing^([1–6]). The study of domesticated animal food species has already benefitted from these basic technologies(for a few examples out of many^([7–14])), and it is anticipated that there will be enormous advances arising from deep understanding and precise intervention. However, these improvements depend on the availability of a complete high-quality genomes.

关键词： genome precise complete

Real-Time Co-optimization of Gear Shifting and Engine Torque for Predictive Cruise Control of Heavy-Duty Trucks

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2024年第2期37卷 294-317页

作者： Hongqing Chu Xiaoxiang Na Huan Liu Yuhai Wang Zhuo Yang Lin Zhang Hong Chen School of Automotive Studies Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchunChina Qingdao Automotive research Institute Jilin UniversityQingdaoChina Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Technology Center Dongfeng Motor CorporationWuhanChina

Fuel consumption is one of the main concerns for heavy-duty *** cruise control(PCC)provides an intriguing opportunity to reduce fuel consumption by using the upcoming road *** this study,a real-time implementable PCC,which simultaneously optimizes engine torque and gear shifting,is proposed for heavy-duty *** minimize fuel consumption,the problem of the PCC is formulated as a nonlinear model predictive control(MPC),in which the upcoming road elevation information is *** the solution of the nonlinear MPC is time consuming;thus,a real-time implementable solver is developed based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle and indirect shooting *** programming(DP)algorithm,as a global optimization algorithm,is used as a performance benchmark for the proposed ***,hardware-in-the-loop and real-truck experiments are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed *** results demonstrate that the MPC-based solution performs nearly as well as the DP-based solution,with less than 1%deviation for testing ***,the proposed co-optimization controller is implementable in a real-truck,and the proposed MPC-based PCC algorithm achieves a fuel-saving rate of 7.9%without compromising the truck’s travel time.

关键词： Heavy-duty truck Predictive cruise control Model predictive control Pontryagin’s maximum principle Real-truck implementation

Interfacial modulation of bifunctional electrolyte additive engineering for dendrite-free and robust lithium metal anode

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 120-127,I0003页

作者： Mahammad Rafi Shaik Yongmin Park Young-Kwang Jung Won Bin Im Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang University222Wangsimni-roSeongdongguSeoul 0473Republic of Kor Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 OASUK

Anode materials for rechargeable electric car batteries are obtained from Li-metal owing to their extremely high specific capacity and low redox ***,safety concerns related to dendrite formation on the anode surface caused by the uneven distribution of Li-ions during the discharge process interfere with the use of Li-metal in industrial *** this study,methyl vinyl sulfone(MVS),a sulfone-based functional electrolyte additive,is used in an additive engineering strategy to control Lielectrolyte interactions and address the aforementioned *** dendrite growth may be restricted,and transition metal degradation on the surface of the cathode can be reduced by the MVS-derived functional electrolyte additive interfacial *** electrochemical performance of an ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate(EC/DMC)+1 wt% MVS Li-metal anode of a Li||Li symmetric cell exhibits remarkable cycle stability,maintaining a low overvoltage for over 750 h at 1 mA cm^(-2),and capacity of 1 mA h cm^(-2).Additionally,LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811) full cells with the MVS additive exhibit enhanced electrochemical stability for 250 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g^(-1).This study provides an innovative approach for stabilizing the metal-electrolyte interfacial layer that may be used for practical applications in metal-based rechargeable batteries.

关键词： Lithium rechargeable battery Dendrite-free Electrolyte additive Bifunctional electrolyte Interfacial layer

Investigating the impact of dynamic structural changes of Au/rutile catalysts on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第4期6卷 222-232页

作者： Xiaochun Hu Qianwenhao Fan Mingwu Tan Yuqing Luo Xianyue Wu Manoel Y.Manuputty Jie Ding Tej S.Choksi Markus Kraft Rong Xu Zhiqiang Sun Wen Liu School of Energy Science and Engineering Central South UniversityChangshaChina School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore cambridge Centre for Advanced research and Education SingaporeSingapore Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and EnvironmentJurong IslandSingapore College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangshaChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

The surface properties of oxidic supports and their interaction with the supported metals play critical roles in governing the catalytic activities of oxide‐supported metal *** metals are supported on reducible oxides,dynamic surface reconstruction phenomena,including strong metal–support interaction(SMSI)and oxygen vacancy formation,complicate the determination of the structural–functional relationship at the active ***,we performed a systematic investigation of the dynamic behavior of Au nanocatalysts supported on flame‐synthesized TiO_(2),which takes predominantly a rutile phase,using CO oxidation above room temperature as a probe *** analysis conclusively elucidated a negative correlation between the catalytic activity of Au/TiO_(2) and the oxygen vacancy at the Au/TiO_(2) *** the reversible formation and retracting of SMSI overlayers have been ubiquitously observed on Au/TiO_(2) samples,the catalytic consequence of SMSI remains *** functional theory suggests that the electron transfer from TiO_(2) to Au is correlated to the presence of the interfacial oxygen vacancies,retarding the catalytic activation of CO oxidation.

关键词： CO oxidation electronic metal-support interactions flame‐synthesis metal-support interactions oxygen vacancy strong metal-support interaction

Dynamic knowledge graph approach for modelling the decarbonisation of power

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 48-64页

作者： Wanni Xie Feroz Farazi John Atherton Jiaru Bai Sebastian Mosbach Jethro Akroyd Markus Kraft Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgePhilippa Fawcett DriveCambridge CB30ASUK CARES Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore1 Create WayCREATE Tower#05-05Singapore138602Singapore School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore The Alan Turing Institute LondonNW12DBUK

This paper presents a dynamic knowledge graph approach that offers a reusable,interoperable,and extensible framework for modelling power *** ontologies have been developed to support a linked data representation of infrastructure data,socio-demographic data,areal attributes like demand,and models describing power *** knowledge graph links the data with a hierarchical representation of administrative regions,supporting geospatial queries to retrieve information about the population within the vicinity of a power plant,the number of power plants,total generation capacity,and demand within specific *** agents were developed to operate on the knowledge *** agents performed tasks including data uploading,updating,retrieval,processing,model construction and scenario analysis.A derived information framework was used to track the provenance of information calculated by agents involved in each *** knowledge graph was populated with data describing the uk power *** alternative models of the transmission grid with different levels of structural resolution were instantiated,providing the foundation for the power system simulation and optimisation tasks performed by the *** application of the dynamic knowledge graph was demonstrated via a case study that investigates clean energy transition trajectories based on the deployment of Small Modular Reactors in the uk.

关键词： Power system modelling Decarboni sation Dynanic knowledge graph Ontology and Semantic Web