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Quantitative applications of Weather satellite Data for Nowcasting:Progress and Challenges

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2024年第3期38卷 399-413页

作者： Jun LI Jing ZHENG Bo LI Min MIN Yanan LIU Chian-Yi LIU Zhenglong LI WPaul MENZEL Timothy J.SCHMIT John L.CINTINEO Scott LINDSTROM Scott BACHMEIER Yunheng XUE Yayu MA Di DI Han LIN Innovation Centre for Fengyun Meteorological satellite(FYSIC) National Satellite Meteorological CentreChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing100081China School of Atmospheric Sciences and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and EngineeringZhuhai519082China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education) East China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Research center for environmental Changes Academia SinicaTaipei11529China Cooperative Institute for Meteorological satellite Studies University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Sensors and Calibration Branch STAR/NESDISMadisonWI53706USA Wuxi University Wuxi214105China School of Computer Science Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu610225China Collaborative Innovation center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing210044China Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Satellite Geospatial Information TechnologyFuzhou UniversityFuzhou350108China

Monitoring and predicting highly localized weather events over a very short-term period,typically ranging from minutes to a few hours,are very important for decision makers and public *** these events usually relies on radar observations through monitoring and *** advanced high-resolution imaging and sounding observations from weather satellites,nowcasting can be enhanced by combining radar,satellite,and other data,while quantitative applications of those data for nowcasting are advanced through using machine learning *** applications include monitoring the location,impact area,intensity,water vapor,atmospheric instability,precipitation,physical properties,and optical properties of the severe storm at different stages(pre-convection,initiation,development,and decaying),identification of storm types(wind,snow,hail,etc.),and predicting the occurrence and evolution of the *** observations can provide information on the environmental characteristics in the preconvection stage and are very useful for situational awareness and storm *** paper provides an overview of recent progress on quantitative applications of satellite data in nowcasting and its challenges,and future perspectives are also addressed and discussed.

关键词： weather satellite quantitative applications nowcasting pre-convection

An Active Deception Defense Model Based on Address Mutation and Fingerprint Camouflage

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China Communications 2024年第7期21卷 212-223页

作者： Wang Shuo Chu Jiang Pei Qingqi Shao Feng Yuan Shuai Zhong Xiaoge State Key Laboratory of Astronautic Dynamics Xi’an Satellite Control CenterXi’an 710043China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Blockchain and Secure Computing Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

The static and predictable characteristics of cyber systems give attackers an asymmetric advantage in gathering useful information and launching *** reverse this asymmetric advantage,a new defense idea,called Moving Target Defense(MTD),has been proposed to provide additional selectable measures to complement traditional ***,MTD is unable to defeat the sophisticated attacker with fingerprint tracking *** overcome this limitation,we go one step beyond and show that the combination of MTD and Deception-based Cyber Defense(DCD)can achieve higher performance than either of *** particular,we first introduce and formalize a novel attacker model named Scan and Foothold Attack(SFA)based on cyber kill ***,we develop probabilistic models for SFA defenses to provide a deeper analysis of the theoretical effect under different defense *** models quantify attack success probability and the probability that the attacker will be deceived under various conditions,such as the size of address space,and the number of hosts,attack analysis ***,the experimental results show that the actual defense effect of each strategy almost perfectly follows its probabilistic ***,the defense strategy of combining address mutation and fingerprint camouflage can achieve a better defense effect than the single address mutation.

关键词： address mutation deception defense fingerprint camouflage moving target defense probabilistic model

Measurement of 2p-3d absorption in a hot molybdenum plasma

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 68-79页

作者： Gang Xiong Bo Qing Zhiyu Zhang Longfei Jing Yang Zhao Minxi Wei Yimeng Yang Lifei Hou Chengwu Huang Tuo Zhu Tianming Song Min Lv Yan Zhao Yuxue Zhang Guohong Yang Zeqing Wu Jun Yan Yaming Zou Jiyan Zhang Jiamin Yang Shanghai EBIT Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application(MOE)Institute of ModernPhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Laser Fusion Research center China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China

We present measurements of the 2p-3d transition opacity of a hot molybdenum-scandium sample with nearly half-vacant molybdenum M-shell configurations.A plastic-tamped molybdenum-scandium foil sample is radiatively heated to high temperature in a compact D-shaped gold Hohlraum driven by∼30 kJ laser energy at the SG-100 kJ laser facility.X rays transmitted through the molybdenum and scandium plasmas are diffracted by crystals and finally recorded by image *** electron temperatures in the sample in particular spatial and temporal zones are determined by the K-shell absorption of the scandium plasma.A combination of the IRAD3D view factor code and the MULTI hydrodynamic code is used to simulate the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the sample temperature and *** inferred temperature in the molybdenum plasma reaches a average of 138±11 eV.A detailed configuration-accounting calculation of the n=2–3 transition absorption of the molybdenum plasma is compared with experimental measurements and quite good agreement is *** present measurements provide an opportunity to test opacity models for complicated M-shell configurations.

关键词： molybdenum absorption configuration

Effects of herbicide butachlor application on the growth of periphytic biofilms and nitrogen loss in paddy systems

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 211-221页

作者： Yanhui ZHAO Mingjun LEI Liandong JING Fan XIA Meixia YAN Jiantong LIU Yonghong WU Yunli WU Chenxi WU Ecology and environment Monitoring and Scientific Research center Yangtze Basin Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecological and EnvironmentWuhan 430010China College of Chemistry and environmental Protection Engineering Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

The application of butachlor as an herbicide in paddy fields is widely practiced,aiming to increase rice yield by directly or indirectly influencing the paddy *** biofilms,which form at the soil-water interface in paddy fields,are complex bioaggregates that play an important role in nitrogen (N) *** objective of this study was to investigate the effect of butachlor on periphytic biofilm growth and N cycling under both light and dark conditions in the *** results revealed that butachlor application hindered the growth of periphytic biofilms and led to the dominance of Cyanobacteria as the primary prokaryotes,while inhibiting the development of eukaryotic ***,the application of butachlor reduced the richness and diversity of prokaryotes,but increased those of eukaryotes in periphytic *** light treatments exhibited higher total N loss because light favored periphytic biofilm growth and enhanced ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) assimilation and ***,butachlor application resulted in the increased retention of NH_(4)^(+)-N and nitrate (NO_(3)^(-))-N and an increase in N loss via *** abundances of functional genes encoding enzymes such as ammonia monooxygenase,nitrite reductase,and nitrous oxide reductase were increased by butachlor application,favoring nitrification and denitrification ***,the results suggest that butachlor application leads to an increase in total N loss mainly through denitrification in paddy systems,particularly in the presence of periphytic ***,the results may provide valuable insights into the changes in periphytic biofilm growth and N cycling induced by butachlor,and future studies can further explore the potential implications of these changes in paddy soils.

关键词： ammonia-oxidizing bacteria amoA denitrification denitrifying bacteria nirK nitrification nitrogen cycling nosZ volatilization

Accelerated reconstruction of ZIF-67 with significantly enhanced glucose detection sensitivity

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 4737-4743页

作者： Huihui Jin Weihao Zeng Wei Qian Lun Li Pengxia Ji Zhengying Li Daping He School of Information Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China Hubei Engineering Research center of RF-Microwave Technology and application Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Research on metal-organic framework(MOF)-based non-enzymatic glucose sensors usually ignores the impact of the surface reconstruction degree of MOF on the activity of catalyzing glucose *** this work,we choose zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67),which is commonly used in glucose sensing,as a representative to investigate the influence of reconstruction degree on its structure and glucose catalytic *** employing the electrochemical activation strategy,the activity of ZIF-67 in catalyzing glucose gradually increased with the prolongation of the activation time,reaching the optimum after 2 h *** detection sensitivity of the activated ZIF-67 was 19 times higher than that of the initial ZIF-67,and the limit of detection(LOD)was lowered from 7 to 0.4μ*** findings demonstrate that the oxidation degree of ZIF-67 deepened rapidly with continuously activation and was basically reconstructed to CoOOH after 2 h activation,accompanied by a morphological change from cuboctahedral to ***,theoretical investigation revealed that ZIF-67 is not suitable as a stable glucose sensor electrode since the adsorbed glucose molecules hasten the dissociation of ligands and the breaking of Co-N bond in ***,our work has important implications for the rational design of next-generation MOF-based glucose sensors.

关键词： zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67) glucose oxidation electrochemical activation reconstruction CoOOH

Modified filter for mean elements estimation with state jumping

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2024年第4期35卷 999-1012页

作者： YU Yanjun YUE Chengfei LI Huayi WU Yunhua CHEN Xueqin Research center of satellite Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)Shenzhen 518055China College of Astronautics Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 211106China

To investigate the real-time mean orbital elements(MOEs)estimation problem under the influence of state jumping caused by non-fatal spacecraft collision or protective orbit trans-fer,a modified augmented square-root unscented Kalman filter(MASUKF)is *** MASUKF is composed of sigma points calculation,time update,modified state jumping detec-tion,and measurement *** with the filters used in the existing literature on MOEs estimation,it has three main ***,the state vector is augmented from six to nine by the added thrust acceleration terms,which makes the fil-ter additionally give the state-jumping-thrust-acceleration ***,the normalized innovation is used for state jumping detection to set detection threshold concisely and make the filter detect various state jumping with low ***,when sate jumping is detected,the covariance matrix inflation will be done,and then an extra time update process will be con-ducted at this time instance before measurement *** this way,the relatively large estimation error at the detection moment can significantly ***,typical simulations are per-formed to illustrated the effectiveness of the method.

关键词： unscented Kalman filter mean orbital elements(MOEs)estimation state jumping detection nonlinear system

Defective Nickel-Iron Layered Double Hydroxide for Enhanced Photocatalytic NO Oxidation with Significant Alleviation of NO2 Production

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Engineering 2024年第5期36卷 276-284页

作者： Xiaoyu Li Xiaoshu Lv Jian Pan Peng Chen Huihui Peng Yan Jiang Haifeng Gong Guangming Jiang Li’an Hou Engineering Research center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment Ministry of EducationChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing 400067China State Key Laboratory of Water environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China environmental Technology Innovation center of Jiande Hangzhou Bertzer Catalyst Co.Ltd.Hangzhou 310058China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Green Synthesis and application College of ChemistryChongqing Normal UniversityChongqing 401331China

Photocatalysis offers a sustainable means for the oxidative removal of low concentrations of NOx(NO,NO2,N2O,N2O5,etc.)from the *** double hydroxides(LDHs)are promising candidate photocatalysts owing to their unique layered and tunable chemical structures and abundant surface hydroxide(OH)moieties,which are hydroxyl radical(OH)***,the practical applications of LDHs are limited by their poor charge-separation ability and insufficient active ***,we developed a facile N_(2)H_(4)-driven etching approach to introduce dual Ni^(2+)and OHvacancies(Niv and OHv,respectively)into NiFe-LDH nanosheets(hereafter referred to as NiFe-LDH-et)to facilitate improved charge-carrier separation and active Lewis acidic site(Fe^(3+)and Ni^(2+)exposed at OHv)*** contrast to inert pristine LDH,NiFe-LDH-et actively removed NO under visible-light ***,Ni_(76)Fe_(24)-LDH-et etched with 1.50 mmol·L^(-1)N_(2)H_(4)solution removed 32.8%of the NO in continuously flowing air(NO feed concentration:500 parts per billion(ppb))under visible-light illumination,thereby outperforming most reported *** and theoretical data revealed that the dual vacancies promoted the production of reactive oxygen species(O_(2)·^(-)andOH)and the adsorption of NO on the *** situ spectroscopy demonstrated that NO was preferentially adsorbed at Lewis acidic sites,particularly exposed Fe^(3+)sites,converted into NO+,and subsequently oxidized to NO3without the notable formation of the more toxic intermediate NO2,thereby alleviating risks associated with its production and emission.

关键词： Vacancie Layered double hydroxide NO+ Photocatalysis NO removal

An aptamer-driven DNA nanodevice for improved delivery of synthetic immunostimulants

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9078-9083页

作者： Dejie Lu Zhenghan Di Lele Li Jian Zhao Li Zheng Guangxi Engineering center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and ApplicationGuangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityGuangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021China CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety National Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190China

Efficient delivery of therapeutics to immune cells remains a formidable challenge for cancer *** this work,we demonstrate that an aptamer-driven DNA nanodevice,constructed through linkage of a synthetic immunostimulant(Toll-like receptor 9 agonist:CpG motif)to an aptamer,could significantly enhance the immunostimulatory activity by facilitating the uptake and retention of therapeutics in *** administration of the DNA nanodevice results in efficient tumor growth inhibition in both breast cancer and melanoma mouse *** studies suggest that the DNA nanodevice leads to reeducation of tumor-associated macrophages and ultimately to reversing the tumor immune *** strategy for aptamer-mediated and vehicle-free delivery of immunostimulatory oligonucleotides provides a potential platform for cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： aptamer immunostimulatory oligonucleotides DNA nanodevice tumor-associated macrophages cancer therapy

Spatiotemporal Variation of Water Cycle Intensity in the Pamir Plateau from 1980 to 2019 and Its Climatic Drivers

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Jingjing Zhang Lingxin Kong Long Ma Majid Gulayozov Anvar Kodirov Jilili Abuduwaili State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences Research center for Ecology and environment of Central Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China-Kazakhstan Joint Laboratory for Remote Sensing Technology and application Al-Farabi Kazakh National University Research center for Ecology and environment of Central Asia (Dushanbe) Centre for Innovative Development of Science and New Technologies National Academy of Science of Tajikistan

A comprehensive understanding of the hydrological cycle is essential for Earth system science and climate change research. The Water Cycle Intensity(WCI) is defined as the sum of precipitation and actual evapotranspiration within a landscape unit. It is a widely used metric to quantify the impact of climate change on the global distribution of water resources. WCI in the Pamir Plateau, located at the heart of Asian Water Towers, has received little attention. Understanding this aspect is crucial for assessing the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and devising strategies to adapt to these changes. Our study assessed the spatiotemporal variation in WCI on the Pamir Plateau from 1980 to 2019 using the WCI framework. Additionally, we explored the teleconnection mechanisms linking the WCI with the Indian Ocean Dipole Mode Index(DMI), canonical El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO), and El Ni?o Modoki(EMI) using the wavelet analysis method. The findings showed that the WCI of the Pamir Plateau experienced a statistically insignificant increase from 1980 to 2019, particularly after 2003. Spatially, the eastern Pamir Plateau WCI increased significantly, whereas the western region showed a non-significant downward trend. This study found that the WCI in the Pamir Plateau is significantly influenced by atmospheric circulation patterns, and the variation in the WCI in the Pamir Plateau is mainly affected by the canonical ENSO, as well as by the coupling effect of canonical ENSO, and EMI. In addition, based on the characteristics of the regional hydrological cycle, we developed water resource management policies targeting flood risks in the northern Pamir Plateau and drought trends in the southwestern region. These insights not only deepen our understanding of changes in terrestrial hydrological cycles and their underlying mechanisms under climate change but also provide important references for water resource management in the mountainous regions of Central Asia.

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