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Vision Transformers with Hierarchical Attention

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第4期21卷 670-683页

作者： Yun Liu Yu-Huan Wu Guolei Sun Le Zhang Ajad Chhatkuli Luc Van Gool Institute for Infocomm Research(I2R) A*STARSingapore 138632Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing(IHPC) A*STARSingapore 138632Singapore Computer Vision lab ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(UESTC)Chengdu 611731China

This paper tackles the high computational/space complexity associated with multi-head self-attention(MHSA)in vanilla vision *** this end,we propose hierarchical MHSA(H-MHSA),a novel approach that computes self-attention in a hierarchical ***,we first divide the input image into patches as commonly done,and each patch is viewed as a ***,the proposed H-MHSA learns token relationships within local patches,serving as local relationship ***,the small patches are merged into larger ones,and H-MHSA models the global dependencies for the small number of the merged *** last,the local and global attentive features are aggregated to obtain features with powerful representation *** we only calculate attention for a limited number of tokens at each step,the computational load is reduced ***,H-MHSA can efficiently model global relationships among tokens without sacrificing fine-grained *** the H-MHSA module incorporated,we build a family of hierarchical-attention-based transformer networks,namely *** demonstrate the superiority of HAT-Net in scene understanding,we conduct extensive experiments on fundamental vision tasks,including image classification,semantic segmentation,object detection and instance ***,HAT-Net provides a new perspective for vision *** and pretrained models are available at https://***/yun-liu/HAT-Net.

关键词： Vision transformer hierarchical attention global attention local attention scene understanding.

Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma Amit Lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

Pulsar Glitch Activities:The Spin Parameters Approach

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第6期24卷 334-357页

作者： Innocent Okwudili Eya Evaristus Uzochukwu Iyida Physics/Electronics Technique—Department of Science laboratory Technology University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Department of Physics and Astronomy University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria Astronomy and Astrophysics Research lab University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Glitch activity refers to the mean increase in pulsar spin frequency per year due to rotational *** is an important tool for studying super-nuclear matter using neutron star interiors as *** events are typically observed in the spin frequency(ν) and frequency derivative( ν) of *** rate of glitch recurrence decreases as the pulsar ages,and the activity parameter is usually measured by linear regression of cumulative glitches over a given *** method is effective for pulsars with multiple regular glitch ***,due to the scarcity of glitch events and the difficulty of monitoring all known pulsars,only a few have multiple records of glitch *** limits the use of the activity parameter in studying neutron star interiors with multiple *** this study,we examined the relationship between the activity parameters and pulsar spin parameters(spin frequency,frequency derivative,and pulsar characteristic age).We found that a quadratic function provides a better fit for the relationship between activity parameters and spin parameters than the commonly used linear *** this information,we were able to estimate the activity parameters of other pulsars that do not have records of *** analysis shows that the relationship between the estimated activity parameters and pulsar spin parameters is consistent with that of the observed activity parameters in the ensemble of pulsars.

关键词： stars:neutron (stars:)pulsars:general methods:statistical

Contact engineering for temperature stability improvement of Bi-contacted MoS2 field effect transistors

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第06期67卷 172-179页

作者： Zizheng LIU Qing ZHANG Xiaohe HUANG Chunsen LIU Peng ZHOU State Key laboratory of Integrated Chip and Systems School of MicroelectronicsZhangjiang Fudan International Innovation CenterFudan University Frontier Institute of Chip and System Shanghai Key Lab for Future Computing Hardware and SystemFudan University Shaoxin laboratory

Semimetallic bismuth（Bi） is one of the most effective strategies for reducing the contact resistance of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide field effect transistors（FETs）. However, the low melting point of Bi contact（271.5℃） limits its reliable applications. In this study, we demonstrated that the temperature stability of Bi-contacted electrodes could be improved by inserting a high-melting point semimetallic antimony（Sb） between the Bi contacting layer and the gold（Au） capping layer. The proposed Bi/Sb/Au contact electrodes tended to form a metal mixture with a continuous surface during the heating process（Voids appeared on the surface of the Bi/Au contact electrodes after heating at 120℃）. Because of the improved contacting layer formed by the semimetal Bi/Sb alloy, the fabricated Bi/Sb/Au-contacted molybdenum sulfide（MoS2） FETs with different gate lengths demonstrated higher on-state current stability after heating treatment than the Bi/Au contact. Because of the Bi/Sb/Au contact and poly（methyl methacrylate） package, the MoS2FETs demonstrated time stability of at least two months from the almost unchanged transfer characteristics. The electrical stability indicates that the insertion of semimetallic Sb is a promising technology for reliable Bi-based contact.

关键词： temperature stability semimetallic bismuth contact semimetallic antimony contact MoS$_{2}$ FETs time stability

CSST Dense star Field Preparation:A Framework for Astrometry and Photometry for Dense star Field Images Obtained by the China Space Station Telescope(CSST)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第7期24卷 158-169页

作者： Yining Wang Rui Sun Tianyuan Deng Chenghui Zhao Peixuan Zhao Jiayi Yang Peng Jia Huigen Liu Jilin Zhou College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China School of Astronomy&Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Peng Cheng lab Shenzhen 518066China

The China Space Station Telescope(CSST)is a telescope with 2 m diameter,obtaining images with high quality through wide-field *** its first observation cycle,to capture time-domain observation data,the CSST is proposed to observe the Galactic halo across different *** data have significant potential for the study of properties of stars and ***,the density of stars in the Galactic center is high,and it is a well-known challenge to perform astrometry and photometry in such a dense star *** paper presents a deep learning-based framework designed to process dense star field images obtained by the CSST,which includes photometry,astrometry,and classifications of targets according to their light curve *** simulated CSST observation data,we demonstrate that this deep learning framework achieves photometry accuracy of 2%and astrometry accuracy of 0.03 pixel for stars with moderate brightness mag=24(i band),surpassing results obtained by traditional ***,the deep learning based light curve classification algorithm could pick up celestial targets whose magnitude variations are 1.7 times larger than magnitude variations brought by Poisson photon *** anticipate that our framework could be effectively used to process dense star field images obtained by the CSST.

关键词： techniques photometric-methods data analysis-astrometry

Water-soluble Cu30 nanoclusters as a click chemistry catalyst for living cell labeling via azide-alkyne cycloaddition

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1748-1754页

作者： Ge Yang Yali Xie Yaru Wang Ying Tang Leng Leng Chng Fuyi Jiang Fanglin Du Xianfeng Zhou Jackie Y.Ying Xun Yuan School of Materials Science and Engineering Qingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China Key lab of Biobased Polymer Materials of Shandong Provincial Education Department School of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and TechnologyQingdao 266042China NanoBio lab Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE)Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)31 Biopolis WayThe NanosSingapore 138669Singapore School of Environment and Material Engineering Yantai UniversityYantai 264005China NanoBio lab A*STAR Infectious Diseases LabsA*STAR31 Biopolis WayThe NanosSingapore 138669Singapore

Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions(CuAAC)have gained increasing interest in the selective labeling of living cells and organisms with ***,their application is constrained either by the high cytotoxicity of Cu(I)ions or the low activity of CuAAC in the internal space of living *** paper reports the design of a novel Cu-based nanocatalyst,watersoluble thiolated Cu30 nanoclusters(NCs),for living cell labeling via *** Cu30 NCs offer good biocompatibility,excellent stability,and scalable synthesis(e.g.,gram scale),which would facilitate potential commercial *** combining the highly localized Cu(I)active species on the NC surface and good structural stability,the Cu30 NCs exhibit superior catalytic activities for a series of Huisgen cycloaddition reactions with good *** importantly,the biocompatibility of the Cu30 NCs enables them to be a good catalyst for CuAAC,whereby the challenging labeling of living cells can be achieved via CuAAC on the cell *** study sheds light on the facile synthesis of atomically precise Cu NCs,as well as the design of novel Cu NCs-based nanocatalysts for CuAAC in intracellular bioorthogonal applications.

关键词： Cu nanocluster click chemistry catalysis azide-alkyne cycloaddition living cell labeling

Comments on “Sidewinding with Minimal Slip: Snake and Robot Ascent of Sandy Slopes”

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机器人 2015年第2期37卷 254-256页

作者： LIU Jinguo GAO Yang WANG Yuechao MA Shugen LUO Yifan State Key laboratory of Robotics Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences star lab Surrey Space Centre University of Surrey Department of Robotics College of Science and Engineering Ritsumeikan University

Marvi et al(Science,2014,vol.346,p.224)concluded a sidewinder rattlesnake increases the body contact length with the sand when granular incline angle *** also claimed the same principle should work on robotic snake *** have evidence to prove that this conclusion is only partial in describing the snake body-sand *** should be three phases that fully represent the snake locomotion behaviors during ascent of sandy slopes,namely lifting,descending,and *** snake body-sand interaction during the descending and ceasing phases helps with the climbing while such interaction during the lifting phase in fact contributes resistance.

关键词：机器人设计工业机器人应用

Resistance modulation in Ge2Sb2Te5

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第15期47卷 171-177页

作者： Jitendra K.Behera Wei Jie Wang Xilin Zhou Shan Guan Wu Weikang Yang AShengyuan Robert ESimpson ACTA lab Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD)8 Somapah Road487372Singapore Jnstitute of Microelectronics A*STAR2 Fusionopolis Way138634Singapore Research lab for Quantum Materials Singapore University of Technology and Design(SUTD)8 Somapah Road487372Singapore

Chalcogenide based phase change random access memory(PCRAM) holds great promise for high speed and large data storage *** memory is scalable,requires a low switching energy,has a high endurance,has fast switching speed,and is ***,decreasing the switching time whilst increasing the cycle endurance is a key challenge for this technology to replace dynamic random access *** we demonstrate high speed and high endurance ultrafast transient switching in the SET state of a prototypical phase change memory *** switching is modeled by electron-phonon and lattice scattering on short timescales and charge carrier excitation on long *** volatile switching in phase change materials enables the design of hybrid memory modulators and ultrafast logic circuits.

关键词： Phase change memory Transient resistance Volatile Scattering Charge carrier excitation Large endurance

多重标注梭镜:从多个标注中学习自校准临床影像图像分制（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第18期 2906-2919页

作者：吴俊德方慧卉朱嘉源张雨李响刘元培刘慧颖金玥明黄为民刘琦陈岑刘艳飞段立新许言午肖力杨卫华刘玥 School of Future Technology South China University of Technology Pazhou lab The University of Oxford Cardiovascular Disease Center Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences State Key laboratory of Pulsed Power Laser Technology College of Electronic Engineering National University of Defense Technology Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study University of Electronic Science and Technology of China The University of Hong Kong Institute for Infocomm Research A*STAR National University of Singapore Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen Eye Hospital Jinan University

In medical image segmentation, it is often necessary to collect opinions from multiple experts to make the final decision. This clinical routine helps to mitigate individual bias. However, when data is annotated by multiple experts, standard deep learning models are often not applicable. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network framework called Multi-rater Prism(MrPrism) to learn medical image segmentation from multiple labels. Inspired by iterative half-quadratic optimization, MrPrism combines the task of assigning multi-rater confidences and calibrated segmentation in a recurrent manner. During this process, MrPrism learns inter-observer variability while taking into account the image's semantic properties and finally converges to a self-calibrated segmentation result reflecting inter-observer ***, we propose Converging Prism(ConP) and Diverging Prism(DivP) to iteratively process the two tasks. ConP learns calibrated segmentation based on multi-rater confidence maps estimated by DivP, and DivP generates multi-rater confidence maps based on segmentation masks estimated by ConP. Experimental results show that the two tasks can mutually improve each other through this recurrent process. The final converged segmentation result of MrPrism outperforms state-of-the-art(SOTA)methods for a wide range of medical image segmentation tasks. The code is available at https://github.-com/WuJunde/MrPrism.

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