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Normobaric hyperoxia combined with minocycline provides greater neuroprotection than either alone in transient focal cerebral ischemia

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Normobaric hyperoxia combined with minocycline provides grea...

A new approach to endocochlear potential and potassium ion concentration measures in mini pig models

中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Xinchun JIN Jie LIU Ke J.LIU Gary A.ROSENBERG Yi YANG Wenlan LIU College of Pharmacy University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center Institute of neuroscience Soochow University Department of neurology University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center

Normobaric hyperoxia(NBO),which maintains penumbral oxygenation,reduces brain injury during cerebral ischemia,and minocycline,a tetracycline derivative,reduces reperfusion injury,including inflammation,apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) *** they have different mechanisms of action,we hypothesized that combining them would provide greater *** test the hypothesis,we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of the combination of NBO with *** Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to NBO(95%O) or normoxia(21%O) during 90-min filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery,followed by 48 h of ***(3 mg/kg) or vehicle was intravenously administered to rats 15 min after reperfusion *** with NBO and minocycline alone resulted in 36%and 30%reductions in infarction volume,*** the two treatments were combined,mere was a 68%reduction in infarction *** combination therapy also significantly reduced hemispheric swelling,which was absent with *** agreement with its greater neuro- and vasoprotection,the combination therapy showed greater inhibitory effects on MMP-2/9 induction,occludin degradation,caspase-3 and-9activation and apoptosis inducing factor(AIF) induction in ischemic brain *** results show that NBO plus minocycline effectively reduces brain injury in transient focal cerebral ischemia with protection due to inhibition on MMP-2/9-mediated occludin degradation and attenuation of caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways.

关键词： oxygen minocycline stroke infarction hemispheric swelling

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Journal of Otology 2014年第4期9卷 163-168页

作者： Lili Ren Weiwei Guo Ling Zhang Wei Sun Shiming Yang Department of Otorhinolaryngology Chinese PLA General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology PLA Air Force Command College Hospital Department of Communicative Disorders & Sciences Center for Hearing and DeafnessState University of New York at Buffalo

Mini pig models are large mammals and their ears are more similar with human beings in structure and development than other ***,the study on porcine ears is still in the initial stage and there is no description of an ideal operation approach to endocochlear potential and potassium ion concentration *** this article,we describe a pre-auricular surgical approach to access the middle and inner ear for endocochlear potential and potassium ion concentration measures in mini pig *** one-week old normal mini pigs were used in the *** bulla of the temporal bone was accessed via a pre-auricular approach for endocochlear potential and potassium ion concentration *** condition of the animals during the first post—experiment 24 h was *** animal died during *** preauricular approach improved protection and preservation of relevant nervous and vascular elements including the facial nerve and carotid ***,the pre-auricular approach can be used for endocochlear potential and potassium ion concentration measurements with improved nerve and artery preservation mini pigs.

关键词： Anatomy Mini pig models Endocochlear potential Potassium ion concentration

Functional optoacoustic neuro-tomography for scalable whole-brain monitoring of calcium indicators

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 288-294页

作者： X Luís Deán-Ben Gali Sela Antonella Lauri Moritz Kneipp Vasilis Ntziachristos Gil G Westmeyer Shy Shoham Daniel Razansky Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging(IBMI) Helmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany Institute of Developmental Genetics Helmholtz Center MunichNeuherbergGermany Department of Medicine Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifaIsrael

Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of *** developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering *** can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm^(3) with respective spatial resolution of 35–200μ*** performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate,for the first time,the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering *** newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics;in combination with optoacoustics'well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics,it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.

关键词： functional neuro-imaging genetically encoded calcium indicators high spatiotemporal resolution large-scale brain activity optoacoustic tomography photoacoustics real-time imaging

Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Level:Its Role and Function in Ischemic Brain Injury and protection

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Cerebral Tissue Oxygen Level:Its Role and Function in Ischem...

Mechano-Sensing and shear stress-shielding by endothelial primary cilia:structure,composition,and function

The 1st International Symposium on Brain Function and Disorders（SBFD）

作者： HENDREN Jill SOOD Rohit Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Health Sciences CenterUniversity of New Mexico

Oxygen is required to maintain neuronal metabolism and function in human *** ischemia causes heterogeneous changes in tissue oxygenation and cellular metabolism,with a region of decreased blood flow,the penumbra,surrounding a severely damaged ischemic core. Because oxygenation is central in ischemic neuronal death and vascular damage,it is critical to understand exactly what actual changes occur in interstitial oxygen tension(pO) in

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BIOCELL 2021年第5期45卷 1187-1199页

作者： HUAN YIN LIZHEN WANG YUBO FAN BINGMEI M.FU Beijing Advanced Innovation center for Biomedical Engineering Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of EducationSchool of Biological Science and Medical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing100083China Department of Biomedical Engineering The City College of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNY 10031USA

Primary cilium is an antenna-like and non-motile structure protruding from the apical surface of most mammalian cells including endothelial cells lining the inner side of all the blood vessels in our *** it has been over a century since primary cilia were discovered,the investigation about their mechano-sensing and other roles in maintaining normal functions of cardiovascular system has just started in recent *** focused review aims to give an update about the current literature for the role of endothelial primary cilia in blood flow mechanosensing and shear *** do this,we first summarized the characteristic features of endothelial primary cilia in terms of structure,dimension,molecular composition,and mechanical properties(e.g.,bending rigidity),which are the dominant factors for their functions in mechano-sensing and transduction,as well as vascular protection from the blood flow-induced wall shear *** also described the experimental techniques and mathematical models for determining the dimension and mechanical properties of the primary *** we reviewed the molecular mechanisms underlying mechano-sensing and transduction by endothelial primary cilia and the mathematical model prediction for their roles in redistribution and reduction of wall shear ***,we briefly discussed the common cardiovascular diseases,e.g.,atherosclerosis,hypertension,and aneurysm,due to defects and malfunction of endothelial primary cilia and suggested potential targets for therapeutic treatments.

关键词： Dimension Mechanical properties Mathematical modelling Cardiovascular diseases

Several Theoretical and Applied Problems of Human Extreme Physiology:Mathematical Modeling

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Journal of Human Physiology 2021年第2期3卷 57-70页

作者： Grygoryan R.D. Head of department“Human systems modeling” Cybernetics CenterInstitute of software systems of National Academy of SciencesKievUkraine

Human cardiovascular system(CVS)and hemodynamics are critically sensitive to essential alterations of mechanical inertial forces in directions of head-legs(+Gz)or legs-head(-Gz).Typically,such alterations appear during pilotage maneuvers of modern high maneuverable airspace vehicles(HMAV).The vulnerability of pilots or passengers of HMAV to these altering forces depends on their three main characteristics:amplitude,dynamics,and *** protections,proposed to minimize this vulnerability,should be improved in parallel with the increasing of these hazardous characteristics of *** testing of novel protection methods and tools is both expensive and *** computer simulations are *** software(AS)for simulating and theoretical investigating of the main dynamic responses of human CVS to altering Gz is *** is based on a system of quantitative mathematical models(QMM)consisting of about 1300 differential and algebraic *** describes the dynamics of both CVS(the cardiac pump function,baroreceptor control of parameters of cardiovascular net presented by means of lumped parameter vascular compartments)and non-biological variables(inertial forces,and used protections).The main function of AS is to provide physiologist-researcher by visualizations of calculated additional data concerning characteristics of both external and internal environments under high sustained accelerations and short-time ***,AS can be useful as an educational tool able to show both researchers and young pilots the main hemodynamic effects caused by accelerations and acute weightlessness with and without use of different protection tools and *** this case,AS does help users to optimize training process aimed to ensure optimal-like human tolerance to the altered physical *** physiological events appearing under different scenarios of accelerations and microgravity have been tested.

关键词： Cardiovascular system Hemodynamics Baroreflexes Accelerations Weightlessness Simulation

Cardiac Remote Conditioning and Clinical Relevance:All Together Now!

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Engineering 2015年第4期1卷 490-499页

作者： Kristin Luther Yang Song Yang Wang Xiaoping Ren W.Keith Jones Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Stritch School of Medicine Loyola University Hand and Microsurgical center The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Timely reperfusion is the standard of care and results in decreased infarct size, improving patient survival and prognosis. However, 25% of patients proceed to develop heart failure （HF） after myocardial infarction （MI） and 50% of these will die within five years. Since the size of the infarct is the major predictor of the outcome, including the development of HF, therapies to improve myocardial salvage have great potential. Over the past three decades, a number of stimuli have been discovered that activate endogenous cardioprotective pathways. In ischemic preconditioning （IPC） and ischemic postconditioning, ischemia within the heart initiates the protection. Brief reversible episodes of ischemia in vascular beds remote from the heart can also trigger cardioprotection when applied before, during, or immediately after myocardial ischemia-- known as remote ischemic pre-, per-, and post-conditioning, respectively. Although the mechanism of remote ischemic preconditioning （RIPC） has not yet been fully elucidated, many mechanistic components are shared with IPC. The discovery of RIPC led to research into the use of remote non-ischemic stimuli including nerve stimulation （spinal and vagal）, and electroacupuncture （EA）. We discovered and, with others, have elucidated mechanistic aspects of a non- ischemic phenomenon we termed remote preconditioning of trauma （RPCT）. RPCT operates via neural stimulation of skin sensory nerves and has similarities and differences to nerve stimulation and EA conducted at acupoints. We show herein that RPCT can be mimicked using electrical stimulation of the abdominal midline （EA-like treatment） and that this modality of activating cardioprotection is powerful as both a preconditioning and a postconditioning stimulus （when applied at reperfusion）. Investigations of these cardioprotective phenomena have led to a more integrative understanding of mechanisms

关键词： remote cardioprotection cardiac conditioning non-ischemic conditioning peripheral nociceptive stimulus neural and molecular mechanism clinical feasibility electroceuticals

Ginsenoside Rg1-induced alterations in gene expression in TNF-α stimulated endothelial cells

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第6期117卷 871-876页

作者：吕俊萍马增春杨静黄坚王树人王升启 Department of Pathophysiology West China Medical CenterSichuan University Biochip Key Laboratory of PLA Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine

Background In China the ginseng root began to be used in medicine over 2000 years ago. Ginsenosides are the most important component isolated from ginseng. The authors investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the spectrum of gene expression in the endothelial cells stimulated by TNF-α and further explored the potential molecular mechanism of endothelial protection by ginsenoside Rg1. Methods Nitric oxide (NO) production in the cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs) was measured by using an NO assay kit. A home-made oligonucleotide microarray containing approximately 400 cardiovascular disease-related genes was constructed. The alteration of the spectrum of gene expression induced by ginsenoside Rg1 in HUVECs which were activated by TNF-α were detected by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Results NO production in HUVECs was decreased significantly after TNF-α treatment,while pretreatment with ginsenoside Rg1 enhanced NO production in TNF-αstimulated HUVECs. Ginsenoside Rg1 affected the expression levels of genes involved in vascular constriction,cell adherence,coagulation,cell growth and signal transduction in TNF-αstimulated *** Ginsenoside Rg1 could enhance NO production and the expression of eNOS mRNA in TNF-α stimulated HUVECs. Ginsenoside Rg1 regulated sets of genes in endothelial cells and protected endothelial cells from TNF-αactivation. Microarray analysis provided us with valuable insights into the atheroprotective mechanism by gingsenoside Rg1.

关键词： ginsen.oligonucleotide arrays.tumor necrosis factor-α.nitric oxide

A preliminary study of the weathering mechanism of fossilized Cretaceous Hamipterus bones

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第3期64卷 458-469页

作者： Ying LI Wugan LUO Yimin YANG Shunxing JIANG Xiaolin WANG Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100044China Department of Archaeology and Anthropology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China CAS center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing100044China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China

The discovery of Hamipterus tianshanensis had important scientific significance because three-dimensional preserved fossils can provide unique information about the reproduction,development,and evolution of ***,the pterosaur fossils exhibited violent weathering,including noticeable cracking and spalling,since the preservation environment changed dramatically after excavation,which severely influenced the preservation of these fossils and the scientific research conducted on *** determine the weathering mechanism of these fossil bones,the samples were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence(XRF),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry(SEM-EDS).The results indicate that calcite is the main mineral in the hollow bones,but it is mixed with a small amount of other minerals,such as quartz,feldspar,and other debris ***,the main component of the pterosaur bones is hydroxyapatite,and carbonate has substituted for some of the phosphate(B-type carbonated apatite)in the fossil bones.A small amount of calcite and manganese oxides has precipitated in the vascular *** phosphate crystallinity index(PCI)is *** results indicate that the fossils have undergone severe *** from these alterations,the fossil bones have high contents of anions and cations such as Cl^(-),NO_(3)^(-),SO_(4)^(2-),Na^(+),and Ca^(2+),and the total content of soluble salts is 35584.41μg g^(-1).Based on these results,it is inferred that the weathering mechanism of the fossil bones is as ***,the fragile hollow bones cracked easily because of the enormous thermal stress caused by the dramatic temperature changes in the Gobi Desert and the differences in the thermal expansion coefficients(TEC)of the surrounding rocks,the fossil bones,and the different ***,a large amount of stress is generated by salt crystallization when the temperature and humidity c

关键词： Hamipterus fossil weathering hydroxyapatite coefficient of thermal expansion Xinjiang