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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2013年第2期4卷 77-88页

作者： Bob Alexander Linda J.Cox Junko Mochizuki rural livelihood risk management consulting P.O.Box 1251HonoluluHI 96807USA Department of Natural Resource and Environmental management University of Hawai`i at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Many methodologies identify, analyze, and assess static risks to quantify potential disaster losses based on past and current events. Static methodologies will not, however, capture how climate change and adaptation are rapidly affecting the natural and social systems in many areas. Local and global changes such as those associated with development investments, livelihood pressures, political stability, and demographic trends are also affecting many areas, especially in emerging economies. risk identification, analysis, and assessment methodologies must integrate all changes dynamically so that risk reduction and development decisions can be based on future needs. After a theoretical explanation of how to integrate dynamic changes, a static Household Economy Analysis(HEA) completed for a rapidly changing area of East Timor was altered using current trends to make the analysis more dynamic. Some inherent difficulties exist with a more dynamic approach and recommendations for overcoming them are presented. Research, government, and nongovernment personnel interested in integrated approaches to risk reduction and development decision-making in areas subject to rapid change will find the study useful.

关键词： integrate disaster interested

Grassland tenure,livelihood assets and pastoralists’resilience:evidence and empirical analyses from western China

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Economic and Political Studies 2017年第4期5卷 381-403页

作者： Shuhao Tan Zhongchun Tan School of Agricultural Economics and rural Development Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina School of management Science and Industrial Engineering Nanjing University of Finance and EconomicsNanjingChina

Pastoralists in western China are highly vulnerable due to harsh natural conditions and the poor socioeconomic environment they *** than 50%of the pastoralists in major grassland areas are living below the survival line;moreover,around 90%of the usable grasslands in China have been degraded to some degree,and the degradation expands at a rate of two million ha per *** pastoralists’resilience is desirable for the economic development and social stability in pastoral *** an important aspect influencing livelihoods,grassland tenure in China has not been well studied to learn how it affects the welfare of pastoralists,and what can be done to strengthen their *** on the evidence from four periods of fieldwork conducted by the authors during 2005-2014,the study applies an analytical framework adapted from the sustainable livelihood theory to examine the interactions of grassland tenure,livelihood assets of pastoralists and their *** findings show that the existing grassland tenure arrangements cause unbalanced and decreased livelihood assets,which in turn reduce the resilience of pastoralists by lowering their capacities of coping with stresses or *** the policies and measures aiming to enhance the pastoralists’adaptive capacity and ongoing development,building social capital is *** functional livelihood asset markets such as grassland rental markets and financial markets will also contribute to a more robust livelihood structure.

关键词： Grassland tenure livelihood assets resilience pastoralist western China stress

Influence of surface ozone on crop yield of maize in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第2期19卷 578-589页

作者： YI Fu-jin FENG Jia-ao WANG Yan-jun JIANG Fei College of Economics and management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095P.R.China Institute for Disaster risk management/School of Geographical Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044P.R.China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology International Institute for Earth System ScienceNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023P.R.China

This study investigated the adverse effect of surface ozone on the maize yield using a unique panel from 880 counties in *** identify the impact of elevated surface ozone concentrations,we constructed an econometric model by controlling the impact of climate variables and related economic *** study also considered the potential spatial correlation in the measurement of the impact of surface ozone on maize *** confirmed that the increase of ozone concentration decreased the maize ***,maize was found to be the most sensitive to ozone at the end of the second month of the growing *** average annual loss of maize caused by ozone pollution is about 4.234 million tons in 2013–2015,accounting for 1.9%of the average output.

关键词： ozone pollution maize yield food security

Coastal transgression and regression from 1980 to 2020 and shoreline forecasting for 2030 and 2040,using DSAS along the southern coastal tip of Peninsular India

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2022年第6期13卷 585-594页

作者： S.Chrisben Sam B.Gurugnanam Centre for Applied Geology The Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed to be UniversityDindigulTamil NaduIndia

This study explains the multi-decadal shoreline changes along the coast of Kanyakumari from 1980 *** shorelines are extracted from the Landsat images to estimate the shoreline dynamics and future predictions using Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS).By the estimation of End Point Rate(EPR)and Linear Regression Rate(LRR),it is quantified that the maximum erosion is 5.01 m/yr(EPR)and 6.13 m/yr(LRR)consistently with the maximum accretion of 3.77 m/yr(EPR)and 3.11 m/yr(LRR)along the entire coastal stretch of 77 *** future shoreline predicted using the Kalman filter forecasted that Inayam,Periyakattuthurai and Kodimunai are highly prone to erosion with a shift of 170 m,157 m and 145 m by 2030 and 194 m,182 m and 165 m by 2040 towards the ***,the western coast is highly prone to erosion and it is predicted that certain villages are prone to loss of economy and *** outcome of this study may guide the coastal researchers to understand the evolution and decisionmakers to evolve with alternative sustainable management plans in the future.

关键词： Shoreline change rates Future prediction DSAS Kalman filter Erosion and accretion

Does poverty-alleviation-based industry development improve farmers'livelihood capital?

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第4期20卷 915-926页

作者： LIU Ming-yue FENG Xiao-long WANG San-gui ZHONG Yu Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China College of Economics and management China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083P.R.China School of Agricultural Economics and rural Development Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872P.R.China

Targeted poverty alleviation is a unique approach adopted in China to help achieve the vision of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects and the"Chinese Dream".Industrial development as a means of poverty alleviation is an integral part of the"Five-pronged Poverty Alleviation Measures"Project of targeted poverty alleviation,and a critical foundation for other poverty alleviation *** this study,a comprehensive evaluation method was used to measure farmers'livelihood based on the framework of sustainable ***,the effects of industrial development on farmers'livelihood capital were estimated by employing the propensity score matching combined with the difference-in-differences(PSM-DID)*** suggest that industrial development had a significantly positive effect on the livelihood capital of *** development can significantly enhance farmers'human,social and financial capital,while it cannot significantly affect the natural and physical *** development had heterogeneous effects on farmers'livelihood capital,more efficiently impacting on the non-poor than the *** effects on farmers'livelihood capital varied across regions,with Guizhou experiencing a larger effect than ***,the effect was insignificant for farmers in *** improve farmers'livelihood capital,it is necessary to take measures to strengthen their human capital,promote the innovation of financial products,and make good use of their social capital;it is also essential to strengthen the support of industrial development to the poor.

关键词： targeted poverty alleviation poverty alleviation by industrial development the poor livelihood capital PSM-DID approach

Application of livelihood Vulnerability Index to Assess risks from Flood Vulnerability and Climate VariabilitymA Case Study in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2013年第8期2卷 476-486页

作者： Nguyen Duy Can Vo Hong Tu Chu Thai Hoanh Department of rural Socio-Economics College of Rural Development Can Tho University Can Tho Vietnam Southeast Asia Regional Office IWMI (International Water Management Institute) Lao PDR Vientiane

An Giang province in the Mekong Delta is the most vulnerable province the impact of flooding and climate variability. Thousand of households are at risk due to severe annual floods. This study applied the LVI （livelihood vulnerability index） to estimate flood vulnerability of Phu Huu and Ta Danh villages in An Giang province. Data on socio-demographics, livelihoods, health, social networks, physical, financial and natural resources, natural disasters and climate variability were collected from a survey of 120 households in each village. From these data the LVI of each village was calculated. Results show that the overall LV1 of Phu Huu village, located in the early flooded zone, is higher than that of Ta Danh village, located in the late flooded zone. The analysis also indicated that this practical method can be applied for other purposes such as to monitor vulnerability, evaluate development programs or policy effectiveness by incorporating with scenario comparison.

关键词： An Giang province Mekong Delta livelihood vulnerability index flood and climate variability.

The Drivers of Child Mortality During the 2012–2016 Drought in La Guajira, Colombia

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 87-104页

作者： Diana Contreras Alex Voets Jana Junghardt Srirama Bhamidipati Sandra Contreras Research Center for Integrated Disaster risk management(CIGIDEN) Pontifical Catholic University of Chile7820436 MaculSantiagoChile School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNorthumbria NE17RUUK Caritas Switzerland BogotaD.C.110231Colombia Caritas Switzerland 6002 Luzern LucernaSwitzerland Faculty of Technology Policy and ManagementDelft University of Technology2628 BX DelftThe Netherlands Communication and Language Pontifical Xavierian UniversityBogotaD.C.110231Colombia

During the 2012–2016 drought in La Guajira,Colombia, child mortality rates rose to 23.4 out of *** of these children belonged to the Wayuu indigenous community, the largest and one of the most vulnerable in Colombia. At the municipal level, this study found a significant positive correlation between the average child mortality rate and households with a monthly income of less than USD 100, the number of people without access to health insurance, being part of the indigenous population,being illiterate, lacking sewage systems, living in rural areas, and large households with members younger than5 years old and older than 65 years old. No correlation was found with households without access to a water *** stepwise regression analysis showed that households with a monthly income of less than USD 100, no members older than 65 years old, but several children younger than5 years old, account for 90.4% of the child mortality *** study concludes that, if inhabitants had had better incomes or assets, as well as an adequate infrastructure,they could have faced the drought without the observed increase in child mortality.

关键词： Child mortality Climate change Drought Socioeconomic vulnerability Water management Wayuu indigenous community

Impact of exclosures on wood biomass production and fuelwood supply in northern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第2期30卷 629-637页

作者： Wolde Mekuria Mastewal Yami Mitiku Haile Kindeya Gebrehiwot Emiru Birhane International Water management Institute(IWMI) International Institute of Tropical Agriculture(IITA) Department of Land Resource management and Environmental Protection Mekelle University Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource management Norwegian University of Life Sciences

In the Ethiopian highlands, communal grazing lands are one of the major land uses, and are source of livelihood for the rural people. Free and uncontrolled grazing in the communal grazing lands is the dominant grazing system. The traditional uncontrolled and free grazing system has caused severe degradation of the grazing lands. As a result, communities have started to establish exclosures and support the restoration of degraded communal grazing lands. Studies have shown that exclosures are effective to restoring degraded communal grazing lands and improving ecosystem services. However, studies that investigate the changes in aboveground biomass following the establishment of exclosures and compare it with fuelwood demand of the beneficiaries in our study area is lacking. Therefore, our study aimed at:(1) quantifying yearly biomass accumulation in exclosures and compare it to fuelwood demand of households that manage the exclosures;(2) assessing household energy sources and their consumption levels. To monitor changes in biomass production with over time, replicated(n = 3) 5 and10 year-old exclosures were sampled. To investigate fuelwood sources and consumption patterns, household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussion were conducted. Our results demonstrated that total biomass production increased with exclosure age. In both exclosure, biomass production from Vachellia etbaica was significantly(p \ 0.05) greater than that from ***. Average daily fuelwood consumption per person was(0.63 ± 0.2) kg day^(-1). This means that the total biomass(27.5 Mg year^(-1)) obtained from 114.6 ha of exclosures covers only 9.4% of yearly fuelwood demand of the residents who manage the sampled exclosures. Nearly all respondents(95%) confirmed that they travel more than10 km day^(-1) to gather fuelwood from surrounding degraded forest patches. We recommend plantings of fast growing native tree species within exclosures and around homesteads to provide

关键词： Biomass Ethiopia Exclosures Fuel wood Tigray Woody species

A long way to go:impacts of urbanization on migrants’livelihoods and rural ecology in less industrialized regions

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第12期20卷 3450-3463页

作者： ZHANG Zhi-qi LI Ming-jing LI Wen-jun WEI Yi-ran SHI Yi-lu Department of Environmental management Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Urbanization,often coupled with industrialization,is generally considered as a boost for improving livelihood as well as alleviating ecological pressures of the rural ***,this experience needs to be tested in less industrialized areas,particularly where the urbanization is driven by non-economic factors such as urban public services and relevant government policies rather than employment *** two villages on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as examples,through the field investigation by using semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews,and statistical data analysis,we explored the impacts of urbanization on migrants’livelihoods and the ecological conditions of their original village *** found that the disposable income and savings of emigrant households were less than the stay households,which might be correlated to the limited employment due to the lagged industrialization in the local township,and the mismatch between their traditional labor skills and the demands of urban *** home-village rangeland overuse was not alleviated since the increasing grazing pressure caused by the stay households,though the emigrant households intended to decrease the number of livestock on their home *** concluded that the urbanization misaligned with local industrialization may fail to improve migrant livelihoods and local ecological conditions in less industrialized *** research supplements the previous urbanization theory by highlighting the non-industrialization driven urbanization,and is particularly pertinent for the transitional countries worldwide.

关键词： Urbanization Industrialization livelihoods Ecological conditions Pastoral areas Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Shifting cultivation in Mizoram, India: An empirical study of its economic implications

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2136-2149页

作者： Vishwambhar Prasad SATI Department of Geography and Resources management School of Earth Sciences Mizoram University

Shifting cultivation is the major occupation and the main source of income of the marginal farmers(Jhumias) in Mizoram. At present, net area sown in Mizoram State is only 5.5%, of which, 16.9% area is devoted to shifting cultivation. Meanwhile, about 54% people, living in the rural areas, are engaged in practicing it. This paper examines economic implications of shifting cultivation in Mizoram, the eastern extension of the Himalaya. A total of 16 villages from eight districts(two villages from each district), were selected for case study, based on their location and distance from the district’s headquarter. Household level survey was conducted and a purposive random sampling method was employed to select households with 34.2% sampling size. The case study reveals that production and yield of the principal crops grown under shifting cultivation has decreased during the last 17 years(2000-2017), whereas, there is a slight increase in area sown. It further shows that although, a large group of Jhumias are practicing shifting cultivation and growing subsistence cereals, yet, their economic viability is significantly less than cash crops. As a result, a large section of people in rural areas are living below poverty line. The study suggests that for sustainable livelihood, cash crops can replace subsistence crops and shifting cultivation can be converted into permanent cultivation through terracing the Jhum plots.

关键词： Shifting cultivation Jhumias Jhumlands Economic implication Empirical study Mizoram