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The complex roles of m^(6)A modifications in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal and implications for memory and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第6期20卷 1582-1598页

作者： Yanxi Li Jing Xue Yuejia Ma Ke Ye Xue Zhao Fangliang Ge Feifei Zheng Lulu Liu Xu Gao Dayong Wang Qing Xia Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Basic Medical SciencesHarbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina College of Basic Medical sciences Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Basic Medical institute Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of heilongjiang Province for Genetically Modified Animals Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Translational Medicine research and Cooperation Center of Northern China Heilongjiang Academy of Medical SciencesHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijingChina

N6-methyladenosine(m^(6)A), the most prevalent and conserved RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, profoundly influences virtually all aspects of mRNA metabolism. mRNA plays crucial roles in neural stem cell genesis and neural regeneration, where it is highly concentrated and actively involved in these processes. Changes in m^(6)A modification levels and the expression levels of related enzymatic proteins can lead to neurological dysfunction and contribute to the development of neurological diseases. Furthermore, the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as nerve regeneration, are intimately linked to memory function and neurodegenerative diseases. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, as well as its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases. m^(6)A has demonstrated divergent effects on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. These observed contradictions may arise from the time-specific nature of m^(6)A and its differential impact on neural stem cells across various stages of development. Similarly, the diverse effects of m^(6)A on distinct types of memory could be attributed to the involvement of specific brain regions in memory formation and recall. Inconsistencies in m^(6)A levels across different models of neurodegenerative disease, particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, suggest that these disparities are linked to variations in the affected brain regions. Notably, the opposing changes in m^(6)A levels observed in Parkinson's disease models exposed to manganese compared to normal Parkinson's disease models further underscore the complexity of m^(6)A's role in neurodegenerative processes. The roles of m^(6)A in neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal, and its implications in memory and neurodegenerative diseases, appear contradictory. These inconsistencies may be a

关键词： Alzheimer's disease cell self-renewal central nervous system memory microglia nerve regeneration neurodegenerative diseases neurogenesis RNA methylation

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Epigenetics in the modern era of crop improvements

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Science China Life sciences 2025年

作者： Yan Xue Xiaofeng Cao Xiangsong Chen Xian Deng Xingwang Deng Yong Ding Aiwu Dong Chengguo Duan Xiaofeng Fang Lei Gong Zhizhong Gong Xiaofeng Gu Chongsheng He Hang He Shengbo He Xinjian He Yan He Yuehui He Guifang Jia Danhua Jiang Jianjun Jiang Jinsheng Lai Zhaobo Lang Chenlong Li Qing Li Xingwang Li Bao Liu Bing Liu Xiao Luo Yijun Qi Weiqiang Qian Guodong Ren Qingxin Song Xianwei Song Zhixi Tian Jiawei Wang Yuan Wang Liang Wu Zhe Wu Rui Xia Jun Xiao Lin Xu Zhengyi Xu Wenhao Yan Hongchun Yang Jixian Zhai Yijing Zhang Yusheng Zhao Xuehua Zhong Daoxiu Zhou Ming Zhou Yue Zhou Bo Zhu Jiankang Zhu Qikun Liu College of Life sciences Institute of Life Science and Green Development Hebei University Biotechnology research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Biology Hunan Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed Hunan University institute of Advanced agricultural sciences School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture South China Agricultural University National institute of Biological sciences Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Advanced agricultural sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Wheat Improvement Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences in Weifang State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement School of Life Sciences Henan University State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding National Maize Improvement Center Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding China Agricultural University Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding China Agricultural University Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University Sanya institute of China agricultural University Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory institute of Advan

Epigenetic mechanisms are integral to plant growth, development, and adaptation to environmental stimuli. Over the past two decades,our comprehension of these complex regulatory processes has expanded remarkably, producing a substantial body of knowledge on both locus-specific mechanisms and genome-wide regulatory patterns. Studies initially grounded in the model plant Arabidopsis have been broadened to encompass a diverse array of crop species, revealing the multifaceted roles of epigenetics in physiological and agronomic traits. With recent technological advancements, epigenetic regulations at the single-cell level and at the large-scale population level are emerging as new focuses. This review offers an in-depth synthesis of the diverse epigenetic regulations, detailing the catalytic machinery and regulatory functions. It delves into the intricate interplay among various epigenetic elements and their collective influence on the modulation of crop traits. Furthermore, it examines recent breakthroughs in technologies for epigenetic modifications and their integration into strategies for crop improvement. The review underscores the transformative potential of epigenetic strategies in bolstering crop performance, advocating for the development of efficient tools to fully exploit the agricultural benefits of epigenetic insights.

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Development of Hybrid rice Variety FY7206 with Blast Resistance Gene Pid3 and Cold Tolerance Gene Ctb1

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rice science 2016年第5期23卷 266-273页

作者： XIE Hong-guang JIANG Jia-huang ZHENG Yan-mei ZHU Yong-sheng WU Fang-xi LUO Xi CAI Qiu-hua ZHANG Jian-fu XIE Hua-an rice research institute Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Hybrid rice Fanyou 7206（FY7206）, derived from the cross between a sterile line Fanyuan A and a restorer line Fuhui 7206, was bred by the rice research institute, Fujian academy of agricultural sciences, China. FY7206 was characterized by moderate blast resistance, cold tolerance, as well as wide adaptability, and high yields. The blast resistance results indicated that the frequencies of blast races in race B, race C and the total resistance frequency for FY7206 were 95.5%, 100.0% and 97.2%, respectively. The disease resistance results showed that the leaf blast grade for FY7206 was level 1 and panicle blast was level 5. The indoor spray results indicated that FY7206 was resistant to 11 isolates of Magnorpathe oryzae. The blast resistance of FY7206 might be derived from the high expression of blast resistance gene Pid3. The results for simulated cold resistance in an artificial climate chamber indicated that the cold tolerance for FY7206 was moderate at the booting and flowering stages. The cold tolerance results also indicated that FY7206 could be tolerant to temperatures as low as 10 °C at the seedling stage. The q RT-PCR results showed that the expression of cold tolerance gene Ctb1 in FY7206 was relatively high. These results suggested that FY7206 is a hybrid indica rice variety with good comprehensive characteristics, including blast resistance and cold tolerance.

关键词： hybrid rice blast resistance gene Pid3 cold tolerance gene Ctb1 yield breeding

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Effects of mesoscale gravity waves on sporadic E simulated by a one-dimensional dynamic model

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： Xu Zhou ZeZhong Li XinAn Yue LiBo Liu Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics/heilongjiang Mohe National Geophysical Observatory/Beijing National Observatory of Space Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology/CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment/Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

In addition to being driven by tidal winds,the sporadic E(Es)layers are modulated by gravity waves(GWs),although the effects are not yet comprehensively *** this article,we discuss the effects of mesoscale GWs on the Es layers determined by using a newly developed model,MISE-1D(one-dimensional Model of Ionospheric Sporadic E),with low numerical dissipation and high *** by the wind fields resolved by the high-resolution version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere and ionosphere extension(WACCM-X),the MISE-1D simulation revealed that GWs significantly influence the evolution of the Es layer above 100 km but have a very limited effect at lower *** effects of GWs are diverse and complex,generally including the generation of fluctuating wavelike structures on the Es layer with frequencies similar to those of the *** mesoscale GWs can also cause increases in the density of Es layers,or they can disperse or diffuse the Es layers and increase their *** addition,the presence of GWs is a key factor in sustaining the Es layers in some cases.

关键词： sporadic E ion tidal layer gravity waves numerical simulation

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Identification of QTL for kernel number-related traits in a rice chromosome segment substitution line and fine mapping of qSP1

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The Crop Journal 2019年第4期7卷 494-503页

作者： Fuying Ma Xiaoyan Zhu Hui Wang Shiming Wang Guoqing Cui Ting Zhang Zhenglin Yang Guanghua He Yinghua Ling Nan Wang Fangming Zhao rice research institute Academy of Agricultural Sciences Southwest University

A chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) is a powerful tool for combining quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping with the pyramiding of desirable alleles. The rice CSSL Z1364 with increased kernel number was identified in a BC3F8 population derived from a cross of Nipponbare as the recipient with Xihui 18 as the donor parent. Z1364 carried three substitution segments distributed on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. The mean substitution length was 1.19 Mb. Of 17 QTL identified on the substitution segments, qSP1 for spikelets per panicle, qSSD1 for seed-set density, and qNSB1 for number of secondary branches explained respectively 57.34%, 87.7%, and 49.44% of the corresponding phenotypic variance and were all linked to RM6777. Chi-square analysis showed that the increased kernel number in Z1364 was inherited recessively by a single gene. By fine mapping, qSP1 was delimited to a 50-kb region on the short arm of chromosome 1. Based on DNA sequence, a previously uncharacterized rice homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AT4G32551 was identified as a candidate gene for qSP1 in which mutation increases the number of spikelets and kernels in Z1364. qSP1 was expressed in all tissues, but particularly in 1-cm panicles. The expression levels of OsMADS22, GN1A, and DST were upregulated and those of LAX2, GNP1, and GHD7 were downregulated in Nipponbare. These results provide a foundation for functional research on qSP1.

关键词： rice Chromosome segment substitution line Increased number of kernels qSP1 QTL mapping for yield traits

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Functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis to eggs of Nilaparvata lugens are not affected by genetically modified herbicide-tolerant rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 2019-2026页

作者： JIANG Xian-bin HUANG Qian LING Yan CHEN Yu-chong XIAO Guo-ying HUANG Suo-sheng WU Bi-qiu HUANG Feng-kuan CAI Jian-he LONG Li-ping Guangxi Key Laboratory of rice Genetics and Breeding Rice Research Institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Plant Protection research institute Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences

To safely and sustainably utilize genetic breeding techniques for crop production, greater understanding of the potential effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant（GMHT） crops on the ecological functions of predators is required. In the laboratory, we examined the functional and numerical responses of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter to eggs of brown planthopper（BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens（St？l）, which were reared on GMHT rice Bar68-1; the untransformed parental cultivar, D68; or a BPH-susceptive rice variety, Taichung Native 1. All stages of nymphs and female adult of C. lividipennis, either on GMHT rice or control plants, exhibited typical type II functional responses when fed on BPH eggs; the attacking rate and handling time of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice Bar68-1 was not significantly different from that on D68. The numerical responses of C. lividipennis on GMHT rice or controls fit Beddington＇s model; there were no significant differences in the parameters of numerical responses between GMHT rice Bar68-1 and D68. The results indicated that the functional and numerical responses of C. lividipennis to BPH eggs are not affected by GMHT rice Bar68-1.

关键词： transgenic rice green mirid bug brown planthopper natural enemy non-target organisms predator herbicide resistant safety assessm

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Agronomic performance of drought-resistance rice cultivars grown under alternate wetting and drying irrigation management in southeast China

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The Crop Journal 2018年第5期6卷 482-494页

作者： Guang Chu Tingting Chen Song Chen Chunmei Xu Danying Wang Xiufu Zhang China National rice research institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Compared to drought-susceptible rice cultivars(DSRs),drought-resistance rice cultivars(DRRs)could drastically reduce the amount of irrigation water input and simultaneously result in higher grain yield under water-saving irrigation ***,the mechanisms underlying these properties are *** investigated how improved agronomic traits contribute to higher yield and higher water use efficiency(WUE)in DRRs than in DSRs under alternate wetting and drying(AWD).Two DRRs and two DSRs were field-grown in 2015 and 2016 using two different irrigation regimes:continuous flooding(CF)and *** CF,no statistical differences in grain yield and WUE were observed between DRRs and *** water under the AWD regime was 275–349 mm,an amount 49.8%–56.2% of that(552–620 mm)applied under the CF *** to CF,AWD significantly decreased grain yield in both DRRs and DSRs,with a more significant reduction in DSRs,and WUE was increased in DRRs,but not in DSRs,by 9.9%–23.0% under *** AWD,DRRs showed a 20.2%–26.2% increase in grain yield and an 18.6%–24.5% increase in WUE compared to *** to DSRs,DRRs showed less redundant vegetative growth,greater sink capacity,higher grain filling efficiency,larger root biomass,and deeper root distribution under *** conclude that these improved agronomic traits exert positive influences on WUE in DRRs under AWD.

关键词： Agronomic traits Alternate wetting and drying Drought-resistance rice cultivars Grain yield Water use efficiency

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Different Aluminum Tolerance among Indica, Japonica and Hybrid rice Varieties

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rice science 2015年第3期22卷 123-131页

作者： SHU Chang WU Jing-hao SHI Gao-ling LOU Lai-qing DENG Jun-xia WAN Jian-lin CAI Qing-sheng College of Life sciences Nanjing Agricultural University rice research institute Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Hydroponic cultures were conducted to compare the aluminum（Al） tolerance among different rice（Oryza sativa L.） varieties, including indica, japonica and their hybrids. The results showed that the root growth of rice plant was inhibited in different degrees among Al treated varieties. The Al tolerance observed through relative root elongation indicated that five japonica varieties including Longjing 9, Dharial, LGC 1, Ribenyou and Koshihikari were relatively more tolerant than indica varieties. Most indica varieties in this study, such as Aus 373 and 9311（awnless）, were sensitive to Al toxicity. The Al tolerance of most progenies from japonica × indica or indica × japonica crosses was constantly consistent with indica parents. The differences of Al tolerance among Longjing 9（japonica）, Yangdao 6（indica） and Wuyunjing 7（japonica） were studied. Biomass and the malondial-dehyde content of Yangdao 6 under Al exposure decreased and increased, respectively, while there was no significant effect on those of Longjing 9 and Wuyunjing 7. Remarkable reduction of root activities was observed in all these three rice varieties. Significantly higher Al content in roots was found in Yangdao 6 compared to Longjing 9 or Wuyunjing 7.

关键词： aluminum tolerance rice japonica indica hybrid

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Application of brassinolide alleviates cold stress at the booting stage of rice

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第4期19卷 975-987页

作者： WANG Shi-qiang ZHAO Hai-hong ZHAO Li-ming GU Chun-mei NA Yong-guang XIE Bao-sheng CHENG Shi-hua PAN Guo-jun Postdoctoral Scientific research Station of heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences Harbin 150086P.R.China rice research institute of Land Reclamation academy in heilongjiang Province Jiamusi 154007P.R.China State Key Laboratory of rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006P.R.China Jiamusi Branch of heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences Jiamusi 154007P.R.China Jiamusi rice research institute Heilongjiang Academy of Agriculture SciencesJiamusi 154026P.R.China

The objective of the study was to determine the physiological mechanisms of plants in response to brassinolide(BR) alleviating cold water stress on rice. In this study, physiological responses of rice to exogenous BR and cold water submergence were investigated using the chilling-tolerant cultivar Kongyu 131(KY131) and the chilling-sensitive cultivar Kenjiandao 6(KJD6). A total of 2 mg L^-1 BR increased activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein, and chlorophyll, but decreased the malondialdehyde(MDA) content in KY131 and KJD6 under cold water stress. The observed decreases in SOD and POD activities and MDA content recovered quickly after plants were returned to irrigation with water at temperatures of about 23.0°C in 2014. Additionally, the contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorous(P), and potassium(K) were increased by BR treatment under cold water stress. Exposure to BR also raised the percentage of high effective leaf area and leaf area index at the heading stage. Furthermore, it promoted soluble sugar synthesis, increased the rate of dry matter accumulation, and enhanced the export and translocation rates of the stem-sheath. The yield in KJD6 was significantly(P≤0.01 and P≤0.05) higher than that of the control in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The effect of BR treatment on rice leaf SOD and POD activities, MDA, chlorophyll, P, and stem-sheath K contents were more significant in KJD6 than in KY131. In conclusion, exogenous BR effectively reduced the physiological and metabolic damage in rice due to cold stress at the booting stage, promoted functional recovery in plants that received irrigation with water at a normal temperature following cold stress, and mitigated the effects of cold water stress on *** two varieties exhibited differential responses to BR;the weaker cold-resistant variety was more sensitive to BR and displayed stronger responses to exogenous BR.

关键词： rice cold water stress brassinolide physiological characteristics

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Effect of Environment and Genetic Recombination on Subspecies and Economic Trait Differentiation in the F_2 and F_3 Generations from indicajaponica Hybridization

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第1期13卷 18-30页

作者： WANG He-tong JIN Feng JIANG Yi-jun LIN Qing-shan XU Hai CHENG Ling XIA Ying-jun LIU Chun-xiang CHEN Wen-fu XU Zheng-jin rice research institute Shenyang Agricultural University rice research institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences agricultural Technology Extension Station Department of Agriculture of Guangdong Province

indica and japonica are the two most important subspecies of Asian cultivated rice. Identifying mechanisms responsible for population differentiation in these subspecies is important for indica-japonica hybridization breeding. In this study, subspecies and economic trait differentiation patterns were analyzed using morphological and molecular （InDel and Intron Length Polymorphism） data in F2 and F3 populations derived from indica-japonica hybridization. Populations were grown in Liaoning and Guangdong provinces, China, with F3 populations generated from F2 populations using bulk harvesting （BM） and single-seed descent methods （SSD）. Segregation distortion was detected in F3-BM populations, but not in F3- SSD or in F2 populations. Superior performance was observed with respect to economic traits in Liaoning compared with that in Guangdong and 1 000-grain weight （KW）, seed setting rate （SSR） and grain yield per plant （GYP） were significantly correlated with indica and japonica subspecies types. Analysis of molecular and morphological data demonstrated that the environment is the main factor giving rise to population differentiation in indica-japonica hybridization. In addition, we also found that KW, SSR and GYP are related to subspecies characteristics and kinship, which is possibly a significant factor resulting in economic trait differentiation and determining environmental adaptability. Our study has provided new insights into the process of population differentiation in these subspecies to inform indica-japonica hybridization breeding.

关键词： indica-japonica hybridization subspecies differentiation environment economic traits recombinant inbred line,rice

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