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Scientific research and Technological development in Onshore Oil Industry Environmental Protection

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China Oil & Gas 1997年第3期4卷 168-169页

作者： Wu Fangyun Wang Jialin Lu Ronghu and Zhang Wei (development centre for Environmental Engineering research, University of Petroleum) development centre for Environmental Engineering research University of Petroleum

A series of significant measures for environmental protection have been adopted by China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) to cope with the problem of environmental pollution caused by waste gas, waste water, waste solid and noise in oil and gas field production, and some organizations responsible for environmental protection research have been set up.

关键词： Petroleum industry Environmental protection Scientific research

Oligodendroglial heterogeneity in health,disease,and recovery:deeper insights into myelin dynamics

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第11期20卷 3179-3192页

作者： Pieter-Jan Serneels Julie D.De Schutter Lies De Groef Lieve Moons Steven Bergmans KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionNeural Circuit Development&Regeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium KU Leuven Leuven Brain InstituteDepartment of BiologyAnimal Physiology and Neurobiology DivisionCellular Communication&Neurodegeneration Research GroupLeuvenBelgium

Decades of research asserted that the oligodendroglial lineage comprises two cell types:oligodendrocyte precursor cells and ***,recent studies employing single-cell RNA sequencing techniques have uncovered novel cell states,prompting a revision of the existing *** forward,the oligodendroglial lineage should be delineated into five distinct cell states:oligodendrocyte precursor cells,committed oligodendrocyte precursor cells,newly formed oligodendrocytes,myelin-forming oligodendrocytes,and mature *** new classification system enables a deeper understanding of the oligodendroglia in both physiological and pathological *** this uniform terminology will facilitate comparison and integration of data across ***,including the consolidation of findings from various demyelinating models,is essential to better understand the pathogenesis of demyelinating ***,comparing injury models across species with varying regenerative capacities can provide insights that may lead to new therapeutic strategies to overcome remyelination ***,by standardizing terminology and synthesizing data from diverse studies across different animal models,we can enhance our understanding of myelin pathology in central nervous system disorders such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,all of which involve oligodendroglial and myelin dysfunction.

关键词： animal models demyelination fish mammals multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegeneration oligodendrocytes oligodendroglial lineage remyelination

Accuracy of genomic selection in biparental populations of flax(Linum usitatissimum L.)

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The Crop Journal 2016年第4期4卷 290-303页

作者： Frank M.You Helen M.Booker Scott D.Duguid Gaofeng Jia Sylvie Cloutier Morden research and development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Crop development centre Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan Ottawa research and development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Flax is an important economic crop for seed oil and stem fiber. Phenotyping of traits such as seed yield, seed quality, stem fiber yield, and quality characteristics is expensive and time consuming. Genomic selection(GS) refers to a breeding approach aimed at selecting preferred individuals based on genomic estimated breeding values predicted by a statistical model based on the relationship between phenotypes and genome-wide genetic markers. We evaluated the prediction accuracy of GS(rMP) and the efficiency of GS relative to phenotypic selection(RE) for three GS models: ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction(RR-BLUP),Bayesian LASSO(BL), and Bayesian ridge regression(BRR), for seed yield, oil content, iodine value, linoleic, and linolenic acid content with a full and a common set of genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers in each of three biparental populations. The three GS models generated similar rMPand RE, while BRR displayed a higher coefficient of determination(R^2)of the fitted models than did RR-BLUP or BL. The mean rMPand RE varied for traits with different heritabilities and was affected by the genetic variation of the traits in the *** for seed yield generated a mean RE of 1.52 across populations and marker sets, a value significantly superior to that for direct phenotypic selection. Our empirical results provide the first validation of GS in flax and demonstrate that GS could increase genetic gain per unit time for linseed breeding. Further studies for selection of training populations and markers are warranted.

关键词： Genomic selection SSR Flax Linseed Seed yield Fatty acid composition

Evaluating the impact of auxiliary fan practices on localised subsurface ventilation

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2019年第6期29卷 933-941页

作者： David J.de Villiers Marc J.Mathews Philip Maré Marius Kleingeld Deon Arndt centre for research and Continued Engineering development North-West University

Mines are continually expanding in size and depth,leading to an increased reliance on localised subsurface ventilation *** use of underground auxiliary fans is a favoured method to increase and control airflow in working ***,the effectiveness of auxiliary fans in this regard is not *** paper evaluated the performance of these underground fan systems in four different South African deeplevel gold mines.A total auxiliary fan system efficiency of 5%was found across six systems,with the average fan efficiency of 33 fans at 38%.The results showed that these fans deviate significantly from their design operating ***,there are significant shortcomings in current underground fan *** detailed investigations led to the conclusion that the assemblage of underground auxiliary fan systems results in significant energy ***,maintaining good underground fan practice such as optimal fan selection,ducting design and maintenance is crucial for the efficacy of a mine ventilation network.

关键词： Mine ventilation Underground fan assemblage Fan system performance

Hybrid rice achievements, development and prospect in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 197-205页

作者： MA Guo-hui YUAN Long-ping China National Hybrid Rice research and development centre

This article reviews the history and progress of hybrid rice development. Hybrid rice research was initiated back in 1964, and commercialized in 1976. Three-line and two-line system hybrid rice were developed in 1974 and 1995, respectively. research on super hybrid rice, which was first launched by Ministry of Agriculture, China in 1996, is discussed, and the great progress of super hybrid rice had been achieved with a new yield record by 15.4 t ha^-1 in the 6.84 ha demonstration location in Xupu, Hunan Province, China in 2014. And the mechanism of heterosis, the techniques of hybrid seed production and the modern field managements in hybrid rice over the past decades are also discussed. Additionally, this article dealt with the intellectual property protection（IPR） and development of hybrid rice seed industry in China. Major factors that constrain hybrid rice development are analyzed and possible solutions to this problems are proposed. Finally, the authors present methods to further increase production yield, and propose an improvement for breeding super high-yielding hybrid rice based on these methods.

关键词： hybrid rice research & development achievement & progress constraint super high yield breeding

Control strategies for aircraft airframe noise reduction

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2013年第2期26卷 249-260页

作者： Li Yong Wang Xunnian Zhang Dejiu State Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics China Aerodynamics Research & Development Centre

With the development of low-noise aircraft engine, airframe noise now represents a major noise source during the commercial aircraft＇s approach to landing phase. Noise control efforts have therefore been extensively focused on the airframe noise problems in order to further reduce aircraft overall noise. In this review, various control methods explored in the last decades for noise reduction on airframe components including high-lift devices and landing gears are summarized. We introduce recent major achievements in airframe noise reduction with passive control methods such as fairings, deceleration plates, splitter plates, acoustic liners, slat cove cover and side-edge replacements, and then discuss the potential and control mechanism of some promising active flow control strategies for airframe noise reduction, such as plasma technique and air blowing/suction devices. Based on the knowledge gained throughout the extensively noise control testing, a few design concepts on the landing gear, high-lift devices and whole aircraft are provided for advanced aircraft low-noise design. Finally, discussions and suggestions are given for future research on airframe noise reduction.

关键词： Active flow control Airframe noise High-lift devices Landing gear Passive control method

Estimation of genetic parameters and their sampling variances for quantitative traits in the type 2 modified augmented design

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The Crop Journal 2016年第2期4卷 107-118页

作者： Frank M.You Qijian Song Gaofeng Jia Yanzhao Cheng Scott Duguid Helen Booker Sylvie Cloutier Morden research and development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory USDA-ARS Crop development centre University of Saskatchewan Ottawa research and development centre Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

The type 2 modified augmented design(MAD2) is an efficient unreplicated experimental design used for evaluating large numbers of lines in plant breeding and for assessing genetic variation in a population. Statistical methods and data adjustment for soil heterogeneity have been previously described for this design. In the absence of replicated test genotypes in MAD2, their total variance cannot be partitioned into genetic and error components as required to estimate heritability and genetic correlation of quantitative traits, the two conventional genetic parameters used for breeding selection. We propose a method of estimating the error variance of unreplicated genotypes that uses replicated controls, and then of estimating the genetic parameters. Using the Delta method, we also derived formulas for estimating the sampling variances of the genetic *** simulations indicated that the proposed method for estimating genetic parameters and their sampling variances was feasible and the reliability of the estimates was positively associated with the level of heritability of the trait. A case study of estimating the genetic parameters of three quantitative traits, iodine value, oil content, and linolenic acid content, in a biparental recombinant inbred line population of flax with 243 individuals, was conducted using our statistical models. A joint analysis of data over multiple years and sites was suggested for genetic parameter estimation. A pipeline module using SAS and Perl was developed to facilitate data analysis and appended to the previously developed MAD data analysis pipeline(http://***/bioinformatics_ tools/MADPipeline/***).

关键词： Broad-sense heritability Genetic correlation Sampling variance Modified augmented design

Current efficiency in electro-winning of lanthanum and cerium metals from molten chloride electrolytes

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Rare Metals 2013年第3期32卷 305-311页

作者： Deepak Kumar Sahoo Harvinderpal Singh Nagaiyar Krishnamurthy Rare Earths development Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Fusion Reactor Materials Section Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

The objective of this study is to prepare lan- thanum and cerium metals by fused salt electrolysis of their anhydrous chloride in molten media such as LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl, KCl, NaCl, and LiCl and to characterize the metal deposit by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and inductive coupled plasma-atomic emis- sion spectroscopy. Deposit metal of purity more than 99 % was obtained in each of the experiments. The entire process starting from preparation of anhydrous lanthanum/cerium chloride to electrolysis yielding of metal deposits has been described. The effect of process parameters such as tem- perature, electrolyte composition, and current density on the current efficiency was studied. All these parameters were varied to get the highest current efficiency and metal yield. The major non-rare earth impurities with the deposit are found to be Fe, Cr, and Ni along with - 1× 10^-3 of total gaseous impurities.

关键词： Fused salt electrolysis Current density Current efficiency Rare earths

Chemical leaching of an Indian bituminous coal and characterization of the products by vibrational spectroscopic techniques

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2012年第4期19卷 279-283页

作者： B. Manoj A.G. Kunjomana Department of Physics Christ University research and development centre Bharathiar University

High volatile bituminous coal .was demineralized by a chemical method. The vibrations of the ＂aromatics＂ structure of graphite, crystalline or non-crystalline, were observed in the spectra at the 1600 cm-1 region. The band at 1477 cm-1 is assigned as VR band, the band at 1392 cm-1 as VL band and the band at 1540 cm-1 as GR band. Graphite structure remains after chemical leaching liberates oxygenated functional groups and mineral groups. The silicate bands between 1010 and 1100 cm-1 are active in the infrared （IR） spec^urn but inactive in the Raman spectrum. Absorption arising from C-H stretching in alkenes occurs in the region of 3000 to 2840 cm-~. Raman bands because of symmetric stretch of water molecules were also observed in the spectrum at 3250 cm-1 and 3450 cm-1. Scanning electron microscopy analy- sis revealed the presence of a graphite layer on the surface. Leaching of the sample with hydrofluoric acid decreases the mineral phase and increases the carbon content. The ash content is reduced by 84.5wt% with leaching from its initial value by mainly removing aluminum and silicate containing minerals.

关键词： bituminous coal characterization graphite leaching vibrational spectroscopy