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Long-term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles on microbial biomass, enzyme activity,and functional genes involved in the nitrogen cycle of loamy soil

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 12-22页

作者： Anna-Lena Grün Susanne Straskraba Stefanie Schulz Michael Schloter Christoph Emmerling Faculty of Regional and Environmental Sciences Department of Soil Science University of Trier J.W.Goethe University Institute of Molecular Biosciences research for comparative microbiome Analysis Helmholtz Zentrum München Chair for Soil Science Technische Universit?t München

The increasing production and use of engineered silver nanoparticles（AgNP） in industry and private households are leading to increased concentrations of AgNP in the environment. An ecological risk assessment of AgNP is needed, but it requires understanding the long term effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of AgNP on the soil microbiome. Hence, the aim of this study was to reveal the long-term effects of AgNP on soil microorganisms. The study was conducted as a laboratory incubation experiment over a period of one year using a loamy soil and AgNP concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 mg AgNP/kg soil. The short term effects of AgNP were, in general, ***, after one year of exposure to 0.01 mg AgNP/kg, there were significant negative effects on soil microbial biomass（quantified by extractable DNA; p = 0.000） and bacterial ammonia oxidizers（quantified by amo A gene copy numbers; p = 0.009）. Furthermore, the tested AgNP concentrations significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass, the leucine aminopeptidase activity（quantified by substrate turnover; p = 0.014）, and the abundance of nitrogen fixing microorganisms（quantified by nif H gene copy numbers; p = 0.001）. The results of the positive control with Ag NO3 revealed predominantly stronger effects due to Ag＋ion release. Thus, the increasing toxicity of AgNP during the test period may reflect the long-term release of Ag^＋ions. Nevertheless, even very low concentrations of AgNP caused disadvantages for the microbial soil community, especially for nitrogen cycling, and our results confirmed the risks of releasing AgNP into the environment.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Soil microbiome amoA nifH Leucine aminopeptidase activity AgPure

The Forgotten Nutrient——The Role of Nitrogen in Permafrost Soils of Northern China

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第8期37卷 793-799页

作者： Elisabeth RAMM Chunyan LIU Xianwei WANG Hongyu YUE Wei ZHANG Yuepeng PAN Michael SCHLOTER Silvia GSCHWENDTNER Carsten W.MUELLER Bin HU Heinz RENNENBERG Michael DANNENMANN Institute of Meteorology and Climate research Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment Northeast Institute of Geography and AgroecologyChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun 130102China Chair of Soil Science Science Center WeihenstephanDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University MunichFreising 85354Germany research unit for comparative microbiome analyses Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenOberschleissheim 85764Germany Center of Molecular Ecophysiology(CMEP) College of Resources and EnvironmentSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-1350Denmark

***:permafrost carbon and nitrogen feedback to climate change Permafrost refers to any ground,including soils,sediments and rocks,with a temperature at or below the freezing point of water(0℃)for two or more consecut... 详细信息

关键词： ground climate freezing

Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system

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Military Medical research 2017年第3期4卷 170-177页

作者： Na Shi Na Li Xinwang Duan Haitao Niu Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) and Comparative Medicine Center Peking Union Medical Collage (PUMC) Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine Ministry of Health Department of Rheumatology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University

The gut microbiota, the largest symbiotic ecosystem with the host, has been shown to play important roles in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome is caused by the imbalance between the commensal and pathogenic microbiomes. The commensal microbiome regulates the maturation of the mucosal immune system, while the pathogenic microbiome causes immunity dysfunction, resulting in disease *** gut mucosal immune system, which consists of lymph nodes, lamina propria and epithelial cells, constitutes a protective barrier for the integrity of the intestinal tract. The composition of the gut microbiota is under the surveillance of the normal mucosal immune system. Inflammation, which is caused by abnormal immune responses,influences the balance of the gut microbiome, resulting in intestinal diseases. In this review, we briefly outlined the interaction between the gut microbiota and the immune system and provided a reference for future studies.

关键词： microbiome Immunity Inflammation

comparative Osteology of the Genus Pachytriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) From Southeastern China

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Asian Herpetological research 2012年第2期3卷 83-102页

作者： Yunke WU Yuezhao WANG James HANKEN Museum of comparative Zoology and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Osteological evidence provides invaluable insights into patterns of amphibian biodiversity. In small montane streams of southeastern China, an endemic genus of salamanders(Pachytriton) displays remarkable aquatic specializations, many of which are reflected in skeletal morphology, but these specializations remain to be studied in an integrated perspective. Attempts to fully resolve the taxonomy within the genus also can benefit from knowledge of internal morphology. We present a detailed description of the adult skeleton of P. brevipes, P. inexpectatus and P. archospotus by analyzing both cleared-and-stained and radiographed specimens in a comparative framework. Compared to terrestrial and amphibious salamanders, the most distinctive osteological features of Pachytriton include a modified hyobranchial apparatus, a reduced frontosquamosal arch, and deep neural and haemal arches of the caudal vertebrae. The hyobranchial apparatus of P. archospotus is distinctly different from that of congeners and likely secondarily derived. Patterns of interspecific variation suggest that northeastern P. inexpectatus is more closely related to P. brevipes than it is to southwestern P. inexpectatus, thereby reinforcing results from earlier molecular phylogenetic analyses. We advocate assigning northeastern P. inexpectatus to P. brevipes.

关键词： montane amphibian anatomy aquatic specialization interspecific variation taxonomy

Effectiveness and mechanisms of adiposederived stem cell therapy in animal models of Parkinson’s disease:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第2期10卷 166-177页

作者： Keya Li Xinyue Li Guiying Shi Xuepei Lei Yiying Huang Lin Bai Chuan Qin NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease comparative Medicine Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China

Animal models provide an opportunity to assess the optimal treatment way and the underlying mechanisms of direct clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs).Previous studies have evaluated the effects of primitive and induced ADSCs in animal models of Parkinson’s disease(PD).Here,eight databases were systematically searched for studies on the effects and in vivo changes caused by ADSC *** assessment was conducted using a 10-item risk of bias *** the subsequent meta-analysis,study characteristics were extracted and effect sizes were *** out of 2324 published articles(n=169 animals)were selected for further *** ADSC therapy,the rotation behavior(10 experiments,n=156 animals)and rotarod performance(3 experiments,n=54 animals)were improved(Panalyses by different time intervals indicated that ADSC intervention exhibited a long-term *** the transplantation of ADSCs,tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons recovered in the lesion area with pooled SMD of 13.36[6.85,19.86].Transplantation of ADSCs is a therapeutic option that shows long-lasting effects in animal models of *** potential mechanisms of ADSCs involve neurogenesis and neuroprotective *** standardized induction of neural form of transplanted ADSCs can lead to a future application in clinical practice.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Adipose-derived stem cells Animal model Stem cell therapy Meta-analysis Neurogenesis Neuroprotection

Artificial modification of Earth's radiation belts by ground-based very-low-frequency(VLF)transmitters

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第3期65卷 391-413页

作者： Binbin NI Man HUA Xudong GU Song FU Zheng XIANG Xing CAO Xin MA Department of Space Physics School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China

Wave-particle interactions play a fundamental role in the dynamic variability of Earth’s donut-shaped radiation belts that are highly populated by magnetically trapped energetic particles and characteristically separated by the slot devoid of high energetic *** to the continuous accumulation of high-quality wave and particle measurements from multiple satellites in geospace,the important contribution of ground-based very-low-frequency(VLF)transmitter waves to the electron dynamics in the near-Earth space has been unprecedently advanced,in addition to those established findings of the significant effects of a variety of naturally occurring magnetospheric *** paper focuses on the artificial modification of Earth’s inner radiation belt and slot by artificial VLF transmitter *** review the global distributions of VLF transmitter waves in geospace,their scattering effects on radiation belt electrons in terms of both theoretical and observational analyses,and diffusion simulation results of wave-particle interactions along with data-model *** start with a brief review of the radiation belt electron dynamics and an introduction of anthropogenic VLF transmitter ***,we review the global morphology of in situ VLF transmitter waves corresponding to different transmitter locations,including their day-night asymmetry,geographic distributions,seasonal and geomagnetic activity dependence,and wave propagation *** theoretical and observational analyses of electron scattering effects by VLF transmitter waves are then reviewed to approach the underlying physics that can modulate the spatio-temporal variations of the electron radiation *** Fokker-Planck electron diffusion simulations and their comparisons with realistic satellite observations clearly indicate that VLF transmitter emissions can effectively remove energetic electrons to produce a radially bifurcated electron belt,thereby quantitatively confirmin

关键词： VLF transmitters Wave-particle interactions Electron precipitation Earth’s radiation belts Flux bifurcation

Molecular cloning and comparative analysis of transcripts encoding chemosensory proteins from two plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris and Lygus hesperus

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 404-424页

作者： J.Joe Hull Omaththage P.Perera Mei-Xian Wang USDA-ARS Arid Land Agricultural research Center MaricopaArizonaUSA USDA-ARS Southern Insect Management Research UnitStonevilleMississippiUSA College of Animal Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

Chemosensory proteins(CSPs)are soluble carrier proteins typically characterized by a six‐helix bundle structure joined by two disulfide bridges and a conserved Cys spacing pattern(C1‐X6‐8‐C2‐X16‐21‐C3‐X2‐C4).CSPs are functionally diverse with reported roles in chemosensation,immunity,development,and *** expand our molecular understanding of CSP function in plant bugs,we used recently developed transcriptomic resources for Lygus lineolaris and Lygus hesperus to identify 17 and 14 CSP‐like sequences,*** Lygus CSPs are orthologous and share significant sequence identity with previously annotated *** of the CSPs are predicted to deviate from the typical CSP structure with either five or seven helical segments rather than *** seven helix CSP is further differentiated by an atypical C3‐X3‐C4 Cys spacing *** transcriptase PCR‐based profiling of CSP transcript abundance in adult *** tissues revealed broad expression for most of the CSPs with antenna specific expression limited to a subset of the *** sequence analyses and homology modeling suggest that variations in the amino acids that comprise the Lygus CSP binding pockets affect the size and nature of the ligands accommodated.

关键词： chemosensation chemosensory protein homology modeling Lygus plant bug mired transcriptome

Characteristics of gut microbiota in representative mice strains:Implications for biological research

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2022年第4期5卷 337-349,I0002页

作者： Jianguo Guo Chenchen Song Yunbo Liu Xuying Wu Wei Dong Hua Zhu Zhiguang Xiang Chuan Qin Key Laboratory of Human Disease comparative Medicine Chinese Ministry of HealthBeijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina

Background:Experimental animals are used to study physiological phenomena,pathological mechanisms,and disease *** gut microbiome is known as a potential confounding factor for inconsistent data from preclinical *** many gut microbiome studies have been conducted in recent decades,few have focused on gut microbiota fluctuation among representative mouse ***:A range of frequently used mouse strains were selected from 34 isolation packages representing disease-related animal(DRA),immunity defect animal(IDA),or gene-editing animal(GEA)from the BALB/c and C57BL/6J backgrounds together with normal mice,and their microbial genomic DNA were isolated from mouse feces to sequence for the exploration of gut ***:Mouse background strain,classification,introduced source,introduced year,and reproduction type significantly affected the gut microbiota structure(punits were obtained from normal mice,and 12 belonged to ***,the gut microbiota in C57BL/6J was more stable than that in BALB/c ***,the gut microbiota in the IDA,GEA,and DRA groups significantly differed from that in normal groups(p<0.001 for all).Compared with the normal group,there was a significantly higher Chao 1 and Shannon index(p<0.001 for all)in the IDA,GEA,and DRA *** changed classes occurred with Firmicutes and *** abundances of Helicobacter,Blautia,Enterobacter,Bacillus,Clostridioides,Paenibacillus,and Clostridiales all significantly decreased in the IDA,GEA,and DRA groups,whereas those of Saccharimonas,Rikenella,and Odoribacter all significantly increased.

关键词： Bacteroidetes BALB/c mice C57BL/6J disease-related animal Firmicutes gene-editing animal gut microbiota i mmunity defect animal strains

Genome-wide analysis of expression quantitative trait loci(eQTLs)reveals the regulatory architecture of gene expression variation in the storage roots of sweet potato

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Horticulture research 2020年第1期7卷 1713-1724页

作者： Lei Zhang Yicheng Yu Tianye Shi Meng Kou Jian Sun Tao Xu Qiang Li Shaoyuan Wu Qinghe Cao Wenqian Hou Zongyun Li Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and comparative Genomics School of Life SciencesJiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116 Jiangsu ProvincePeople’s Republic of China Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sweet Potato research Institute CAASXuzhou 221121 Jiangsu ProvincePeople’s Republic of China

Dissecting the genetic regulation of gene expression is critical for understanding phenotypic variation and species ***,our understanding of the transcriptional variability in sweet potato remains ***,we analyzed two publicly available datasets to explore the landscape of transcriptomic variations and its genetic basis in the storage roots of sweet *** comprehensive analysis identified a total of 724,438 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and 26,026 expressed *** quantitative trait locus(eQTL)analysis revealed 4408 eQTLs regulating the expression of 3646 genes,including 2261 local eQTLs and 2147 distant *** distant eQTL hotspots were found with target genes significantly enriched in specific functional *** combining the information from regulatory network analyses,eQTLs and association mapping,we found that IbMYB1-2 acts as a master regulator and is the major gene responsible for the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the storage roots of sweet *** study provides the first insight into the genetic architecture of genome-wide expression variation in sweet potato and can be used to investigate the potential effects of genetic variants on key agronomic traits in sweet potato.

关键词： roots analysis sweet