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Atherosclerotic Descending Aortic Aneurysms. Pros and Cons of Surgery

World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2015年第9期5卷 91-101页

作者： Vladimir Petrovich Krylov Leonid Petrovich Titov Valentina Nikolaevna Gaiduk Leonid Ivanovich Reut Аleksey Leonidovich Smaliakou Nadezhda Vladimirovna Mankevich republican scientific and practical centre “Cardiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus republican scientific and practical centre “epidemiology and microbiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus

Within the last few years, there has been a strong trend to rethink the issue of management of atherosclerotic descending thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). When etiopathogenetic associations among changes observed during the progression of the disease were not fully described, surgeons had successfully applied, although traumatic, but a rather radical method to rescue from the rupture threat. As we gained experience and knowledge about long-term outcomes, mostly concerned mortality, we realized that surgery could not be the main tactical approach to AAAs treatment due to its frequent inefficiency and failure to guarantee that the disease would be suppressed including co-morbidities, polymorphic processes and clinical manifestations. It all required more sparing treatment strategies. The situation gave rise to a more argumentative and sparing medical-and-surgical approach to treatment based on a more in-depth understanding of the etiopathogenesis of the disease whereas surgery would remain of prime importance when appropriate. The following has been developed to improve treatment outcomes for AAA: 1) Multifactorial determination of indications for surgical correction with outlining the area of relative and absolute risk of aneurysm rupture;2) Method of conservative treatment aimed to attain and maintain optimal blood pressure, target levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins, as well as reduce oxidative and inflammatory processes in aorta, strengthen its wall, stabilize the disease and control co-morbidities. A four-year follow-up of patients using this developed technology has yielded more preferred results suggesting the need for narrowing indications for surgery to treat AAAs. Another advantage of the sparing approach to treat AAA is economic, due to fewer operations and implantations of stent-grafts, considering the fact that medical treatment should be used in operated subjects, too.

关键词： Aneurysms Descending Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta Indications for Surgery Surgical Conservative Treatment

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Can We Change a Look at Atherosclerotic Aortic Aneurism Treatment?

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Health 2014年第12期6卷 1345-1351页

作者： Vladimir Petrovich Krylov Аlexander Gennadyevich Mrochek Leonid Petrovich Titov Valentina Nikolaevna Gaiduk Leonid Ivanovich Reut Аleksey Leonidovich Smaliakou republican scientific and practical centre “Cardiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus republican scientific and practical centre “Cardiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus republican scientific and practical centre “epidemiology and microbiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus

In recent years, the increasing number of cardiologists and cardiac surgeons tend to think that surgical treatment of patients with atherosclerotic aneurisms does not fully comply with contemporary ideas of what the disease is. Some data show that early operations in the presence of this pathology are associated with an unreasonably high mortality. Additionally, the use of intra-aortic stents and grafts cannot principally affect the therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, more attention is paid to the development of conservative therapeutic approaches leaving surgery defeated without surgical treatment. Two groups of patients with similar descending thoracic aortic atherosclerotic aneurisms (DTAAA) and abdominal aortic aneurisms (AAA) were retro- and prospectively studied over a 2-year period. Control group (Comparison group), (63 patients) received common surgical treatment from 2009 to 2010 whereas Main group (121 subjects) received multifaceted medical treatment to remove inflammatory reactions, strengthen aortic wall and control its dilation from 2011 to 2012. Operative treatment was used only in case of potential aneurism rupture. The comparison of the two groups of subjects showed that 2-year all-cause mortality in control group was 20.6% while in the main group it amounted to 9.1% due to the similar incidence of aneurism ruptures and deaths associated with concomitant diseases. It suggests that the odds ratio (OR) of survival when using attenuated therapeutic approach to treating atherosclerotic aneurisms is 2.6-fold higher compared to conventional surgical approach. One of the principal factors contributing to a higher mortality when using traditional surgical approach was the presence of polyorgan pathology that required constant medical correction irrespective of therapeutic option (surgical or medical) used. Another important factor is aortic aneurism wall frailty. The development of mechanisms that would allow its strengthening is considered a principal challen

关键词： Atherosclerotic Aortic Aneurisms Surgical and Conservative Treatment

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epidemiology, Clinical Features and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida auris in Africa: Systematic Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第1期12卷 126-149页

作者： Isidore Wendkièta Yerbanga Seydou Nakanabo Diallo Toussaint Rouamba Delwendé Florence Ouedraogo Katrien Lagrou Rita Oladele Jean-Pierre Gangneux Olivier Denis Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos Isabel Montesinos Sanata Bamba centre Hospitalier Universitaire Régional de Ouahigouya Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Ecole Doctorale des Sciences De la Santé Université Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso centre Muraz/Institut National de Santé Publique Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro Institute for Research in Health Sciences National Center for Scientific and Technological Research Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of microbiology Immunology and Transplantation KU Leuven Leuven Belgium and Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM) University Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium College of Medicine University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria Univ Rennes CHU Rennes Inserm Irset (Institut de recherche en santé environnement et travail) European ECMM Excellence Center in Medical Mycology Université de Rennes Rennes France Department of microbiology CHU Namur site-Godinne Université Catholique de Louvain Yvoir Belgium Ecole de Santé Publique Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium Department of microbiology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc—Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sour? Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Candida auris since it discovery in 2009 is becoming a severe threat to human health due to its very quickly spread, its worldwide high resistance to systemic antifungal drugs. In resource-constrained settings where several conditions are met for its emergence and spread, this worrisome fungus could cause large hospital and/or community-based outbreaks. This review aimed to summarize the available data on C. auris in Africa focusing on its epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile. Major databases were searched for articles on the epidemiology and antifungal resistance profile of C. auris in Africa. Out of 2,521 articles identified 22 met the inclusion criteria. In Africa, nearly 89% of African countries have no published data on C. auris. The prevalence of C. auris in Africa was 8.74%. The case fatality rate of C. auris infection in Africa was 39.46%. The main C. auris risk factors reported in Africa were cardiovascular disease, renal failure, diabetes, HIV, recent intake of antimicrobial drugs, ICU admissions, surgery, hemodialysis, parenteral nutrition and indwelling devices. Four phylogenetic clades were reported in Africa, namely clades I, II, III and IV. Candida auris showed a pan-African very high resistance rate to fluconazole, moderate resistance to amphotericin B, and high susceptibility to echinocandins. Finally, C. auris clade-specific mutations were observed within the ERG2, ERG3, ERG9, ERG11, FKS1, TAC1b and MRR1 genes in Africa. This systematic review showed the presence of C. auris in the African continent and a worrying unavailability of data on this resilient fungus in most African countries.

关键词： Africa Antifungal Resistance Candida auris Clinical Features Phylogenetic Clades

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The Role of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in the Development of Descending Aortic Aneurysms: Special Aspects of Medical Correction

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Health 2016年第13期8卷 1335-1348页

作者： Vladimir Petrovich Krylov Nikolay Andreevich Mana Leonid Petrovich Titov Valentina Nikolaevna Gayduk Leonid Ivanovich Reut Nadezhda Vladimirovna Mankevich Alexander Stanislavovich Zhigalcovitch Aleksey Leonidovich Smolyakou Gennady Adolfovich Popel Roman Nikolaevich Pyzhyk republican scientific and practical centre “Cardiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus republican scientific and practical centre “epidemiology and microbiology” Ministry of Health of Belarus Minsk Belarus Belarusian Medical Academy of Post-Graduate Education Minsk Belarus

Modern medicine has achieved much progress in the field of medical and surgical repair of a variety of disorders. It is especially true for the early stages of treatments. In long-term period, however, instead of recovery, we frequently observe progressive regression, which completely annuls all our efforts. Moreover, the algorithm used to correct acute process may sometimes be detrimental to organs and tissues. Such situation is also frequent in the treatment of atherosclerotic descending aortic aneurysms (DAA). This is because the successful medical and even surgical repair to prevent aneurysm rupture in long-term period may trigger some detrimental processes in other regions thus producing negative results of the treatment. The present article doesn’t aim to prove some provisions in DAA clinical picture, atherosclerosis and inflammatory states. But we have faced some systematicity at these clinical implications which are absolutely not specified in literature. We have managed to find an explanation for this thing making a scrupulous analysis of nonsurgical sources. Comparing them with our observations, we have found out that aseptic and septic inflammation of connective tissue, probably, is a key component in the formation of DAA disregarding of which correction of dyslipidemia may lead to negative results. We are looking for in-depth research and discussion.

关键词： Aneurism Formation Atherosclerosis and Inflammation Aortic Aneurisms

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Risk factors associated with Salmonella in dairy cattle farms in Henan and Hubei provinces,China

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Animal Diseases 2023年第4期3卷 256-264页

作者： Jie Wang Xiaojie Zhu Yuxi Zhao Yongkang Xue Zhen Zhang Lei Yan Yingyu Chen Ian D.Robertson Aizhen Guo Joshua W.Aleri The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural microbiology College of Veterinary MedicineHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China School of Veterinary Medicine College of ScienceHealthEngineering and EducationMurdoch University90 South StreetMurdochWA 6150Australia Hubei International scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary epidemiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center Zhengzhou 450046China centre for Animal Production and Health Future Foods InstituteMurdoch University90 South StreetMurdochWA 6150Australia

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors associated with the Salmonella infection status of dairy herds in Henan and Hubei provinces,*** were assigned a Salmonella status based on the isolation of Salmonella from fecal samples obtained from adult lactating dairy *** on potential biosecurity risk factors was collected using a questionnaire template via a 15-min face-to-face interview with dairy cattle producers from May 2020 to March *** questionnaire consisted of 23 questions across two broad categories of potential biosecurity risk factors:farm and biosecurity managemental factors.A total of 48 farms were *** all(100%,48/48)of the surveyed farms,although sick animals were separated from healthy animals using fencing,there were no strict quarantine protocols for newly introduced *** species rearing was practiced in 35.4%(17/48)of the *** were removed more than once a day in 45.8%(22/48)of the farms,whereas the remainder(54.2%,26/48)only removed animal feces once a day.A total of 29.2%(14/48)of the farms were located<2 km from other livestock *** use of personal protective equipment was consistently performed on all farms,with a major-ity of the workers on most farms(81.3%,39/48)always disinfecting footwear before entering production areas.A significant association between Salmonella-positive status and the high frequency of the presence of wildlife(birds and rodents in sheds and feed storage places)was recorded(OR:11.9,95%Cl:1.7,84.1,p=0.013).Fortunately,no farms shared farm equipment with other *** study highlights the occurrence of wildlife as a risk factor for the presence of Salmonella in investigated dairy *** is a need to institute appropriate on-farm control measures for wild birds and rodents to control the potential spread of Salmonella in dairy production systems.

关键词： Cattle Management practices Risk factors Salmonella

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Evaluation and application of a milk antibody ELISA for assessing the prevalence and incidence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in Hubei Province,China

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Animal Diseases 2023年第2期3卷 143-151页

作者： Yingyu Chen Shuang Cheng Yu Wang Guiqiang Wang Xijuan Wu Ian D.Robertson Aizhen Guo State Key Laboratory of Agricultural microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China College of Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China National Animal Tuberculosis Para-Reference Laboratory(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China Hubei International scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary epidemiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityHubei ProvinceWuhan 430070China Hubei Livestock and Poultry centre Wuhan 430070China School of Veterinary Medicine Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Australia

Bovine tuberculosis(bTB)is a chronic zoonotic disease that is endemic in *** in-vitro tests for bTB are mainly based on blood *** of samples results in some stress to the sampled cattle and associated economic losses for the herd *** study was designed to investigate the relationship between milk and serum antibody tests for bTB in dairy cows using 85 cows with milk and corresponding blood *** 4,395 milk samples were used to assesse the apparent(test)prevalence and incidence of bTB using the milk antibody *** association between levels of bTB milk antibody and milk quality was also *** and serum antibody tests showed a good correlation with a 87.5%(95%CI:61.7%,98.4)positive agreement and 98.7%(95%CI:95.4,99.8)negative *** animal level lactoprevalence ranged from 0.3%(95%CI:0,1.2)to 33.3%(95%CI:26.6,40.6)in different farms and the incidence rate ranged from 0 head/cow-month(95%CI:0,0.02)to 0.04 head/cow-month(95%CI:0.02,0.07).Twenty percent of sampled farms met the criteria for bTB control in *** prevalence on large-scale farms was lower(p<0.001)than on small *** bTB milk antibody levels had a negative correlation with milk yield and a positive correlation with somatic cell count(SCC),milk protein percentage(MPP)and percentage of total solids(TS).According to this research,milk ELISA could be used as a supplement of blood samples to assist in the surveillance for bTB and for alerting control and eradication of bTB.

关键词： Bovine Tuberculosis Milk antibody Prevalence Incidence rate Milk quality

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Ocular flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections: antibiotic resistance patterns and susceptibility to antiseptic picloxydine

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第1期13卷 85-92页

作者： Maria V.Budzinskaya Anait S.Khalatyan Marina G.Strakhovskaya Vladimir G.Zhukhovitsky scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases Moscow 119021Russia Department of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119234Russia Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of RussiaMoscow 115682Russia Gamaleya National Research centre for epidemiology and microbiology Moscow 123098Russia

AIM: To study antibiotic resistance patterns and susceptibility to eye antiseptic picloxydine of conjunctival flora in patients undergoing intravitreal injections(IVIs).METHODS: Conjunctival swabs were taken in 4 groups of patients, 20 patients in each group(n=80): without IVIs and ophthalmic operations in history(group N1;control group);with the first IVI and antibiotic eye drops Tobrex applied 3 d before IVI and 5 d after it(group N2);with 20 or more IVIs and repeated courses of antibiotic eye drops(group N3);with the first IVI and antiseptic eye drops Vitabact(picloxydine) applied 3 d before IVI and 5 d after it(group N4). In groups N2 and N4 swabs were taken at baseline and after the treatment. Efficacy of picloxydine in inhibition of growth of conjunctival isolates susceptible and resistant to antibiotic was studied in vitro. Minimal inhibition concentrations(MIC) were determined with microdilution ***: Two of the three patients who had to undergo the IVI procedure showed conjunctiva bacterial contamination. Along with few Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative isolates susceptible to most antibiotics, the majority(71%-77%) of causative agents were coagulase-negative Staphylococci(Co NS), 40%-50% of which were multidrug resistant(MDR). Eye disinfection in the operating room and peri-injection courses of Tobrex or Vitabact resulted in total elimination of isolates found at baseline. However, in 10% and 20% of patients, respectively, recolonization of the conjunctiva with differing strains occurred. In patients with repeated IVI and Tobrex/Maxitrol treatment, the conjunctival flora showed high resistance rates: 90% of Co NS were MDR. In the in vitro study, picloxydine showed bactericidal effect against Staphylococci isolates both antibiotic resistant and susceptible with MIC≥13.56 μg/m L. Incubation of bacteria for 15 min in Vitabact eye drops, commercially available form of picloxydine, 434 μg/m L, showed total loss of colony forming units of all teste

关键词： intravitreal injections conjunctival isolates antibiotic resistance picloxydine Vitabact

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Contribution of the Advanced Research Laboratories at the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR) to SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Ghana

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Health 2022年第1期14卷 125-136页

作者： Darius N. K. Quansah Ivy A. Asante Evelyn Y. Bonney Evangeline Obodai Mildred A. Adusei-Poku James Aboagye Susan Adu-Amankwah Samuel Adjei Richard Akuffo Helena Lamptey George B. Kyei John K. Odoom William K. Ampofo Joseph H. K. Bonney Department of Virology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana West African centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens College of Basic and Applied Sciences University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Department of Medical microbiology University of Ghana Medical School Accra Ghana Medical and scientific Research Directorate University of Ghana Medical Centre Legon Accra Ghana Department of epidemiology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Department of Animal Experimentation Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana Department of Immunology Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Legon Accra Ghana

In March 2020, the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 were reported in Accra, Ghana. These initial cases were diagnosed at the Advanced Research Laboratories (ARL) of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana. The ARL which hitherto was used for routine clinical research in viral, bacteria and immunological studies has since been the facility of choice for testing for all suspected cases of COVID-19 submitted from across Ghana and beyond. The success of testing at the ARL hinged on the availability of several laboratory spaces furnished with state-of-the-art diagnostic equipment and working aids. During the “peak season” where overwhelming numbers of clinical specimens were received, the ARL processed and got results for close to four thousand samples daily. After general disinfection and re-bagging into smaller numbers, at the entrance of the ARL, the samples are taken to a central receiving laboratory, where they are received and entered in a database with accompanying case investigation forms. All samples that are successfully sorted and matched are sent to general laboratories for nucleic acid extraction and then referred to the Instrumentation laboratory for real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). When the RT-PCRs were completed, results were analysed and transmitted via email and/or local network to the data reporting office. The data managers then reported results to the investigators and the Ghana Health Service (GHS). Additionally, the ARL provided a next-generation Genome Sequencing platform in partnership with the West African centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens at the University of Ghana, which was essential in reporting the genome data of the circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Ghana. Conclusively, it is worth noting, that the NMIMR fulfilled its mandate of supporting the country with specialized diagnostics through the judicious use of the ARL for SARS-CoV-2 testing, from sample re

关键词： Advanced Research Laboratories Polymerase Chain Reaction Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome—Corona Virus 2 Corona Virus Disease 2019

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Epidemic Surveillance of Influenza Infections:A Network-Free Strategy—Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,China,2008–2011

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China CDC weekly 2022年第46期4卷 1025-1031,I0002-I0005页

作者： Zhanwei Du Qi Tan Yuan Bai Lin Wang Benjamin J.Cowling Petter Holme WHO Collaborating centre for Infectious Disease epidemiology and Control School of Public HealthLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited(D24H) Hong Kong Science and Technology ParkHong Kong SARChina Department of Genetics University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Computer Science Aalto UniversityEspooFinland

Introduction:The ease of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)non-pharmacological interventions and the increased susceptibility during the past COVID-19 pandemic could be a precursor for the resurgence of influenza,potentially leading to a severe outbreak in the winter of 2022 and future *** recent increased availability of data on Electronic Health Records(EHR)in public health systems,offers new opportunities to monitor individuals to mitigate ***:We introduced a new methodology to rank individuals for surveillance in temporal networks,which was more practical than the static *** targeting previously infected nodes,this method used readily available EHR data instead of the contactnetwork ***:We validated this method qualitatively in a real-world cohort study and evaluated our approach quantitatively by comparing it to other surveillance methods on three temporal and empirical *** found that,despite not explicitly exploiting the contacts’network structure,it remained the best or close to the best *** related the performance of the method to the public health goals,the reproduction number of the disease,and the underlying temporal-network structure(e.g.,burstiness).Discussion:The proposed strategy of using historical records for sentinel surveillance selection can be taken as a practical and robust alternative without the knowledge of individual contact behaviors for public health policymakers.

关键词： network policy networks

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Geographic integration of hepatitis C virus: A global threat

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World Journal of Virology 2016年第4期5卷 170-182页

作者： Mohamed A Daw Abdallah A El-Bouzedi Mohamed O Ahmed Aghnyia A Dau Mohamed M Agnan Aisha M Drah Department of Medical microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Clinical microbiology and Microbial epidemiology Acting Physician Internal Medicine Scientific Coordinator of Libyan National Surveillance Studies of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Department of Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Biotechnology Department of microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery Tripoli Medical Centre Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharma-cology Faculty of Medical Technology Alga-bal Algarbi University and Faculty of Medicine

AIM To assess hepatitis C virus(HCV) geographic integration, evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of HCV worldwide and propose how to diminish its burden. METHODS A literature search of published articles was performed using Pub Med, MEDLINE and other related databases up to December 2015. A critical data assessment and analysis regarding the epidemiological integration of HCV was carried out using the meta-analysis method. RESULTS The data indicated that HCV has been integrated immensely over time and through various geographical regions worldwide. The history of HCV goes back to 1535 but between 1935 and 1965 it exhibited a rapid, exponential spread. This integration is clearly seen in the geo-epidemiology and phylogeography of HCV. HCV integration can be mirrored either as intra-continental or trans-continental. Migration, drug trafficking and HCV co-infection, together with other potential risk factors, have acted as a vehicle for this integration. Evidence shows that the geographic integration of HCV has been important in the global and regional distribution of *** HCV geographic integration is clearly evident and this should be reflected in the prevention and treatment of this ongoing pandemic.

关键词： Geo-epidemiology Integration Hepatitis C virus genotypes Geography Phylogeography

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