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Loss of behavioral stress response in blind cavefish reduces energy expenditure

Zoological Research 2023年第4期44卷 678-692页

作者： Jiang-Hui Zhang Rui Long Yang-Yang Jing Pan Zhang Yuan Xu Wei Xiong Yan-Qiu Zhu Yi-Ping Luo Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish reproduction and development Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

The stress response is essential for animal self-defense and survival. However, species may exhibit stress response variation depending on their specific environmental and selection pressures. Blind cavefish dwell in cave environments, which differ markedly in stressors and resource availability compared to surface aquatic environments. However, whether blind cavefish exhibit differences in stress response as an adaptation to their cave environments remains unclear. Here, we investigated differences in stress response in six closely related Triplophysa species, including three blind cavefish (T. longibarbata, T. jiarongensis, and T. rosa) and three normal-sighted river fish (T. nasobarbatula, T. dongsaiensis, and T. bleekeri). Results showed that blind cavefish exhibited a range of distinct behavioral responses compared to sighted river fish, including greater levels of activity, shorter duration of freezing, absence of erratic movements or thrashing behavior, and opposite behavioral trends over time. Furthermore, the cavefish species demonstrated attenuated increases in metabolic rate in response to stressors related to novel environments. Cave-dwelling T. rosa also exhibited lower basal hypothalamic-pituitary-inter-renal (HPI) axis-related gene expression levels and stress hormone concentrations compared to river-dwelling T. bleekeri. These results suggest that blind cavefish may have lost their behavioral stress response, potentially mediated by a reduction in basal activity of the HPI axis, thus enabling the conservation of energy by reducing unnecessary expenditure in energy-limited caves.

关键词： Cavefish Stress responses Behavior Metabolic rate

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Egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase as a Potential Biomarker for Muscle Ageing and Degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第4期41卷 221-224页

作者： Salam Herojeet Singh Nallur B.Ramachandra Upendra Nongthomba Molecular reproduction Development and GeneticsIndian Institute of Science Department of Studies in Zoology University of MysoreManasagangotri

Ageing is associated with declined activity of behaviors, physiology and metabolic processes （Arking, 2006）. In- vestigations in model organisms have indicated the exis- tence of ＂functional senescence＂, the progressive decline of biological functions with age and the decline in the activity may vary from tissue to tissue. Consequently, studies per- taining to the key organs/tissues whose functions deterio- rate/fail with age have led to the development of tissue specific ageing biomarkers （Grotewiel et al., 2005; Demontis et al., 2013）.

关键词： Egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase as a Potential Biomarker for Muscle Ageing and Degeneration in Drosophila melanogaster gene

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Using zebrafish as the model organism to understand organ regeneration

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第4期58卷 343-351页

作者： SHI WenChao FANG ZhiBing LI Li LUO LingFei Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish reproduction and development Ministry of Education Laboratory of Molecular Developmental BiologySchool of Life Sciences Southwest University

The limited regenerative capacity of several organs, such as central nervous system(CNS), heart and limb in mammals makes related major diseases quite difficult to recover. Therefore, dissection of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying organ regeneration is of great scientific and clinical interests. Tremendous progression has already been made after extensive investigations using several model organisms for decades. Unfortunately, distance to the final achievement of the goal still remains. Recently, zebrafish became a popular model organism for the deep understanding of regeneration based on its powerful regenerative capacity, in particular the organs that are limitedly regenerated in mammals. Additionally, zebrafish are endowed with other advantages good for the study of organ regeneration. This review summarizes the recent progress in the study of zebrafish organ regeneration, in particular regeneration of fin, heart, CNS, and liver as the representatives. We also discuss reasons of the reduced regenerative capacity in higher vertebrate, the roles of inflammation during regeneration, and the difference between organogenesis and regeneration.

关键词： organ regeneration zebrafish fin heart liver CNS

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AMP-activated kinase in human spermatozoa： identification, intracellular localization, and key function in the reRulation of sperm motility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第6期19卷 707-714页

作者： Violeta Calle-Guisado Ana Hurtado de Llera David Martin-Hidalgo Jose Mijares Maria C Gil Ignacio S Alvarez Maria J Bragado Luis J Garcia-Marin Research Group of Intracellular Signalling and Technology of reproduction (SINTREP) School of Veterinary Medicine University of Extremadura Caceres Spain Assisted reproduction Unit at the-Minimally Invasive surgery Center Jesos Uson (CCMIJU) Caceres Spain Norba Clinic Caceres Spain Research Group of reproduction and Embryo development (REDES) University of Extremadura Badajoz Spain Extremadura Institute of Assisted reproduction (IERA) Badajoz Spain.

AMP-activated kinase （AMPK）, a protein that regulates energy balance and metabolism, has recently been identified in boar spermatozoa where regulates key functional sperm processes essential for fertilization. This work＇s aims are AMPK identification, intracellular localization, and their role in human spermatozoa function. Semen was obtained from healthy human donors. Sperm AMPK and phospho-Thr172-AMPK were analyzed by Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence. High- and low-quality sperm populations were separated by a 40%-80% density gradient. Human spermatozoa motility was evaluated by an Integrated Semen Analysis System （ISAS） in the presence or absence of the AMPK inhibitor compound C （CC）. AMPK is localized along the human spermatozoa, at the entire acrosome, midpiece and tail with variable intensity, whereas its active form, phospho-Thr172-AMPK, shows a prominent staining at the acrosome and sperm tail with a weaker staining in the midpiece and the postacrosomal region. Interestingly, spermatozoa bearing an excess residual cytoplasm show strong AMPK staining in this subcellular compartment. Both AMPK and phospho-Thr172-AMPK human spermatozoa contents exhibit important individual variations. Moreover, active AMPK is predominant in the high motility sperm population, where shows a stronger intensity compared with the low motility sperm population. Inhibition of AMPK activity in human spermatozoa by CC treatment leads to a significant reduction in any sperm motility parameter analyzed： percent of motile sperm, sperm velocities, progressivity, and other motility coefficients. This work identifies and points out AMPK as a new molecular mechanism involved in human spermatozoa motility. Further AMPK implications in the clinical efficiency of assisted reproduction and in other reproductive areas need to be studied.

关键词： AMP-activated kinase human spermatozoa immunolocalization sperm motility sperm quality

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Molecular mechMolecular mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第9期17卷 1095-1108页

作者： Sara De Iudicibus Raffaella Franca Stefano Martelossi Alessandro Ventura Giuliana Decorti Department of reproduction and development University of Trieste Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Department of Life Sciences University of Trieste

Natural and synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are widely employed in a number of inflammatory, autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, and, despite the introduction of novel therapies, remain the first-line treatment for inducing remission in moderate to severe active Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Despite their extensive therapeutic use and the proven effectiveness, considerable clinical evidence of wide inter-individual differences in GC efficacy among patients has been reported, in particular when these agents are used in inflammatory diseases. In recent years, a detailed knowledge of the GC mechanism of action and of the genetic variants affecting GC activity at the molecular level has arisen from several studies. GCs interact with their cytoplasmic receptor, and are able to repress inflammatory gene expression through several distinct mechanisms. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is therefore crucial for the effects of these agents: mutations in the GR gene (NR3C1, nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) are the primary cause of a rare, inherited form of GC resistance; in addition, several polymorphisms of this gene have been described and associated with GC response and ***, the GR is not self-standing in the cell and the receptor-mediated functions are the result of a complex interplay of GR and many other cellular partners. The latter comprise several chaperonins of the large cooperative hetero-oligomeric complex that binds the hormonefree GR in the cytosol, and several factors involved in the transcriptional machinery and chromatin remodeling, that are critical for the hormonal control of target genes transcription in the nucleus. Furthermore, variants in the principal effectors of GCs (e.g. cytokines and their regulators) have also to be taken into account for a comprehensive evaluation of the variability in GC response. Polymorphisms in genes involved in the transport and/or metabolism of these hormones have also been suggested as

关键词： Glucocorticoids Inflammatory bowel disease Pharmacogenomics

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An old weapon with a new function:PIWI-interacting RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第1期10卷 91-111页

作者： Xiaobing Huang Garry Wong Centre of reproduction Development and AgingFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 999078S.A.R.China

PlWI-interacting RNAs(piRNAs)are small non-coding transcripts that are highly conserved across species and regulate gene expression through pre-and post-transcriptional *** were originally discovered in germline cells and protect against transposable element expression to promote and maintain genome *** the recent decade,emerging roles of piRNAs have been revealed,including the roles in sterility,tumorigenesis,metabolic homeostasis,neurodevelopment,and neurodegenerative *** this review,we summarize piRNA biogenesis in ***,Drosophila,and mice,and further elaborate upon how piRNAs mitigate the harmful effects of ***,the most recent findings on piRNA participation in neurological diseases are *** speculate on the mechanisms of piRNA action in the development and progression of neurodegenerative *** the roles of piRNAs in neurological diseases may facilitate their applications in diagnostic and therapeutic practice.

关键词： piRNA piRNA biogenesis Transposable element Neurodegenerative disease H3K9me3

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Use of tetracycline hydrochloride and alizarin complexone for immersion marking black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第4期32卷 810-820页

作者：吕红健张秀梅付梅席丹高天翔 College of Fisheries Ocean University of China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish reproduction and development (Ministry of Education) College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University

We tested the utility of chemical marking techniques in the juvenile black rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juveniles （30-40 mm total length） were immersed in a range of tetracycline hydrochloride （TC） solutions at concentrations ranging from 300 to 500 mg/L, and alizarin complexone （ALC） solutions at concentrations ranging from 200 to 400 mg/L in filtered sea water （salinity of 30） for 24 h, respectively. Otoliths （sagittae, asteriscus）, scales, fin rays （dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fin rays）, and fin spines （dorsal, ventral, and anal fin spines） were sampled and used to detect fluorescent marks after a 60-day growth experiment. With the exception of 300 mg/L TC, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fin spines by all concentrations of TC and ALC. In particular, we observed clearly visible marks in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fin spines under normal light at concentrations of200~00 mg/L, 250-400 mg/L, and 250-400 mg/L ALC, respectively. Scales and fin rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations （_〉350 mg/L TC, 〉250 mg/L ALC for scales and _〉350 mg/L TC, 〉300 mg/L ALC for fin rays）. The best mark quality （i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking） were obtained following immersion in TC at between 350-500 rag/L, and ALC between 300-400 mg/L. In addition, there was no significant difference in survival and growth of TC and ALC marked fish compared to their controls up to 60 days post-marking （P〉0.05）.

关键词： Sebastes schlegelii tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) alizarin complexone (ALC) otoliths scales fin spines

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Vertebral deformities in hatchery-reared and wild-caught juvenile Japanese flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2015年第1期33卷 84-91页

作者：吕红健张秀梅付梅席丹苏胜齐姚维志 College of Fisheries Ocean University of China College of Animal Science and Technology Southwest University Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish reproduction and development Ministry of Education

The present study compared vertebral deformities of hatchery-reared and wild-caught juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. A total of 362 hatchery-reared flounder （total length 122.5- 155.8 mm） were collected from three commercial hatcheries located in Yantai, East China, and 89 wild fish （total length 124.7 161.3 mm） were caught offYangma Island near Yantai City （37°27′N, 121°36′E）. All the fish were dissected, photographed, and images of the axial skeleton were examined for vertebral deformities. Compared with wild-caught flounder in which no deformed vertebrae were detected, 48 （13.3%） hatchery- reared fish had deformed vertebrae. The deformities were classified as compression, compression-ankylosis, and dislocation-ankylosis. The vertebral deformities were mainly localized between post-cranial vertebra 1 and 3, with vertebrae number 1 as the most commonly deformed. The causative factors leading to vertebral deformities in reared Japanese flounder may be related to unfavorable temperature conditions, inflammation, damage, or rupture to the intervertebral ligaments under rearing conditions. Furthermore, no significant difference in the total number of vertebral bodies was observed between wild-caught （38.8±0.4） and hatchery-reared flounder （38.1±0.9）（P〉0.05）. However, the number of vertebral bodies of hatchery-reared and wild-caught flounder ranged from 35 to 39 and from 38 to 39, respectively.

关键词： Paralichthys olivaceus hatchery-reared wild-caught deformities vertebrae

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Gene editing nuclease and its application in tilapia

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Science Bulletin 2017年第3期62卷 165-173页

作者： Minghui Li Deshou Wang Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish reproduction and development (Ministry of Education China) Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing School of Life SciencesSouthwest University Chongqing 400715 China

Gene editing nucleases including zinc-finger nucleases(ZFNs), transcription activator like effector nucleases(TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated(Cas) system(CRISPR/Cas9) provide powerful tools that improve our ability to understand the physiological processes and their underlying mechanisms. To date, these approaches have already been widely used to generate knockout and knockin models in a large number of species. Fishes comprise nearly half of extant vertebrate species and provide excellent models for studying many aspects of biology. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in the use of gene editing nucleases for studies of fish species. We focus particularly on the use of TALENs and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing for studying sex determination in tilapia.

关键词： Gene editing nuclease Genome engineering TilapiaSex determination

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PIWI-specific insertion module: a newly identified regulatory element essential for longer pi RNAs loading and male fertility

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 1708-1710页

作者： Chunyu Liu Feng Zhang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringInstitute of Reproduction and DevelopmentFudan UniversityShanghai200011China

Small noncoding RNAs (sn RNAs) such as short interfering RNAs (si RNAs), micro RNAs (mi RNAs), and PIWI-interacting RNAs (pi RNAs) play important roles in diverse cellular processes. These small regulatory RNA molecules exert key regulatory functions by forming complexes with different Argonaute proteins, including the Argonaute(AGO) and PIWI subfamilies (Peters and Meister, 2007).AGO subfamily proteins are ubiquitously expressed and interact with mi RNAs or si RNAs, while PIWI subfamily proteins are expressed mainly in germline cells and interact specifically with pi RNAs (Bartel, 2018).

关键词： insertion fertility element

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