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Association of therapeutic occasion, gross motor function grading and developmental level with gross motor functional recovery in children with cerebral palsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第9期2卷 548-551页

作者： Hongying Li Huafeng Yu Lin Sang Haixia Ma rehabifitation center Qilu Children＇s Hospital of Shandong University Ji＇nan 250022 Shandong Province China

BACKGROUND： The abnormal posture and motor pattern have not stabilized in children with cerebral palsy at early period, thus timely treatment can establish normal postural reflex and motor pattern, and prevent complications of muscle contracture, ankylosis, skeletal deformity, etc. The clinical factors affecting the rehabilitative efficacy of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy should be observed. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of therapeutic occasion, grading of gross motor function and developmental level on the rehabilitative efficacy in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN： A case-controlled analysis. SETTING： Qilu Children＇s Hospital of Shandong University. PARTICIPANTS： Totally 138 children with cerebral palsy, who were hospitalized for 12 months in the Rehabilitation center of Qilu Children＇s Hospital, Shandong University, were selected from April 2004 to September 2006, and all the children were diagnosed to be accorded with the standard set by the national seminar on cerebral palsy in 2004. There were 97 males and 41 females, including 55 cases of 0-2 years old, 47 cases of 2-4 years and 36 cases of 4-6 years. Informed contents were obtained from relatives of all the children. METHODS： ① Comprehensive rehabilitation treatment： Vojta method was to induce the children to turn over the body and crawl by stimulating reflective turn over and crawling on belly. Bobath method including trainings of head control, turning over body, keeping sitting position, keeping balance, crawling, keeping standing position, and walking, etc.; The children were massaged by using the maneuvers of push, press, rub, pull, wave, etc. according to the sites and types of palsy. Acupuncture was performed mainly at bilateral motor areas, the needle was retained for 1 hour per time, 6 days continuously every week, and followed by a 1-day interval. ② Prognosis assessment： The gross motor functional grading of the children with cerebral palsy at admission was asses

关键词： cerebral palsy age started to accept treatment developmental level rehabilitation

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Interaction between semantic and phonological processes in stuttering Evidence from the dual-task paradigm

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第18期5卷 1435-1440页

作者： Luping Song Danling Peng Nlng Nlng Department of Neural rehabifitation China Rehabilitation Research Center Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine Beijing 100068 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 102600 China

Stuttering is a common neurological deficit and its underlying cognitive mechanisms are a matter of debate, with evidence suggesting abnormal modulation between speech encoding and other cognitive components. Previous studies have mainly used single task experiments to investigate the disturbance of language production. It is unclear whether there is abnormal interaction between the three language tasks （orthographic, phonological and semantic judgment） in stuttering patients. This study used dual tasks and manipulated the stimulus onset asynchrony （SOA） between tasks 1 and 2 and the nature of the second task, including orthographic, phonological, and semantic judgments. The results showed that the performance records of orthographic judgment, phonological judgment, and semantic judgment were significantly reduced between the patient and control groups with short SOA （P 〈 0.05）. However, different patterns of interaction between task 2 and SOA were observed across subject groups： subjects with stuttering were more strongly modulated by SOA when the second task was semantic judgment or phonological judgment （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the orthographic judgment experiment （P 〉 0.05）. These results indicated that the interaction mechanism between semantic processing and phonological encoding might be an underlying cause for stuttering.

关键词： stuttering semantic processing phonological processing interaction dual-task paradigm

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High frequency electrical field-ultrashort wave therapy for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats Histopathological evaluation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第5期2卷 271-275页

作者： Lixin Zhang Zhiqiang Zhang Weidi Liang Lin Li Xiuhua Yuan Department of rehabifitation Medicine First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University Shenyang 110001 Liaoning Province China Department of rehabifitation Second Hospital Affifiated to China Medical University Shenyang 110004 Liaoning Province China Department of Rehabilitation Guangdong People＇s Hospital Guangzhou 510080 Guangdong Province China

BACKGROUND： Ultrashortwave （USW） therapy may be a new method for treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases. It is necessary to study its treatment time window. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of USW on reperfusion injury after occlusion of the middle cerebral artery （MCAO） in rats and discuss its acting mechanisms and best occasion. DESIGN： Randomized controlled observation, animal experiment. SETTING： Laboratory of Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University. MATERIALS： Sixty-six healthy Wistar rats of either gender and of clean grade, aged 18–20 weeks, weighing from 250 to 300 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal center of China Medical University. An USW device （Shanghai Electrical Device Company） with the frequency of 40.68 MHz and the maximum output power of 40 W, and the first channel power controlled at about 11 W was used in this study. Output power was determined by photometry. METHODS： Sixty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： Sham-operation group （n =6）： The suture was inserted only 1.0 depth during operation, which did not cause MACO; Model group （n =12）： The USW treatment procedure was performed with the power off on the model rats; USW treatment group （n =48）： The 48 rats were randomly divided into modeling 0, 6, 12 and 18 hours 4 subgroups. USW therapy without heat was used on the head of rats for 10 minutes at each time point. Twelve rats in USW treatment group were decapitated following treatment at each time point, and then their brain tissues were harvested. The rat brain tissues in other groups were harvested by decapitation at 24 hours after modeling. When the rats were awake, the neurologic deficit was scored by Zea-Longa five-point scale （a score of 0 indicated no neurologic deficit, a score of 1 indicated failure to extend left paw fully, a score of 2 indicated circling to the left, and a score of 3 indicated falling to the left, and rats with a score of 4 did not walk sp

关键词： ischemic cerebrovascular disease ultrashort wave reperfusion injury brain edema

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Effects of movement training on synaptic interface structure in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampal CA3 area of the ischemic hemisphere in cerebral infarction rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第11期3卷 1203-1207页

作者： Min Yang Jiyan Cheng Department of rehabifitation Medicine Affiliated Hospital Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 Sichuan Province China Electron Microscopy Laboratory Luzhou Medical College Luzhou 646000 Sichuan Province China

BACKGROUND： Movement is an effective way to provide sensory, movement and reflectivity afferent stimulation to the central nervous system. Movement plays an important role in functional recombination and compensation in the brain. OBJECTIVE： To observe movement training effects on texture parameters of synaptic interfaces in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampal CA3 area of the ischemic hemisphere and on motor function in cerebral infarction rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： This neural morphology and pathology randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the center Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, China from November 2004 to April 2005. MATERIALS： A total of 32 healthy male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks were equally and randomly assigned into model and movement training groups. METHODS： Rat models of right middle cerebral artery occlusion were established using the suture occlusion method in both groups. Rats in the movement training group underwent balance training, screen training, and rotating rod training starting on day 5 after surgery, for 40 minutes every day, 6 days per week, for 4 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Texture parameters of synaptic interfaces were determined using a transmission electron microscope and image analyzer during week 5 following model induction. The following parameters were measured： synaptic cleft width; postsynaptic density thickness; synaptic interface curvature; and active zone length. Motor function was assessed using balance training, screen training, and rotating rod training. The lower score indicated a better motor function. RESULTS： The postsynaptic density thickness, synaptic interface curvature, and active zone length were significantly increased in the sensorimotor cortex and hippocampal CA3 area of the ischemic hemisphere of rats from the movement training group compared with the model group （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01）. Curved synapses and perforated synapses were seen in the sensorimotor cortex a

关键词： cerebral infarction movement training synapse rats

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Time-dependent effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in focal cerebral ischemia rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第1期3卷 44-48页

作者： Zhuoxin Yang Lihong Diao Haibo Yu Wenshu Luo Ling Wang Min Pi Xiaodan Rao Junhua Peng Shenzhen Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shenzhen 518033 Guangdong Province China Department of rehabifitation Shekou People＇s Hospital of Nanshan District Shenzhen 518033 Guangdong Province China

BACKGROUND： The onset of focal cerebral ischemia activates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, regulates cell cycle, promotes cell proliferation and differentiation, and affects the normal stage and function of brain cells. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at the Ren channel on extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 expression in the lateral cerebral ventricle wall of rats with focal cerebral ischemia. The effects were analyzed at different time points after intervention. DESIGN： Randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing （250±10） g were provided by the Experimental Animal center, Medical College of Sun Yat-Sen University. The animal experiment was conducted with confirmed consent by the local ethics committee. The GB6805-Ⅱ electric acupuncture apparatus was provided by Shanghai Medical Equipment High-techno Company. METHODS： The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen University, from February to July 2007. All experimental animals were randomly divided into the following groups： normal group （n = 6）, sham operation group （n = 18）, model group （n = 18）, and electroacupuncture group （n = 18）. Middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） was performed in the model group and electroacupuncture group. Zea Longa＇s grading standard was used to assess neurological impairment after reperfusion; animals whose grades were between l and 4 were included in this study. The normal control group was not exposed to MCAO. In sham operation animals, the right common carotid artery （CCA） was isolated, and the external carotid artery （ECA） was damaged, but no embolism was induced. The electroacupuncture group was given acupuncture on the second day after surgery. The acupoint locations were chosen according to Experimental Acupuncture （People＇s Publishing House; 1997; First Edition）. The Chengjiang, Qihai, and Guanyuan

关键词： cerebral ischemia electroacupuncture Ren channel extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2middle cerebral artery occlusion

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Astrocytic effect of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate in interleukin-6 overexpressing mice following local cerebral ischemia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2009年第2期4卷 148-151页

作者： Yizhao Li Guixiang Cui Qingde Wang Hongxia Liu Xiaoxia Zhang Fengshan Wang Keqin Xie Shandong Provincial Disabled Persons Rehabilitation center Jinan 250001 Shandong Province China Department of rehabifitation Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Department of Neurology Hospital of Shandong Aluminum Company Zibo 255069 Shandong Province China The Third People's Hospital of Heze City Heze 274000 Shandong Province China College of Basic Medical Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan 250014 Shandong Province China Biochemical Pharmaceutics Institute School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Toxicology Institute School of Public Health Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China

BACKGROUND： Studies have shown that low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate exhibits a remarkable neuroprotective effect. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate on astrocytes in an interleukin-6 （IL-6） overexpressing mice following local cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： Randomized, cytological, controlled, animal study was performed in the Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Neurology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina from January 2005 to March 2005. MATERIALS： Nine IL-6 transgenic mice, irrespective of gender, were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated, model, and treatment, with three mice in each group. With exception of the sham-operated group, right middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in the mice. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, an astrocyte marker, was determined by immunohistochemistry. Low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate was purchased from Biochemistry and Biotechnique Institute, Shandong University. METHODS： Two minutes prior to ischemia induction, 0.5 mL/kg saline or 20 000 U/kg low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate were administrated via the femoral artery in the model group and treatment group, respectively. The sham-operated group underwent the same protocols, with the exception of occlusion and treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells was quantified under light microscopy （x200）. RESULTS： In the sham-operated group, there were a large number of astrocytes in the IL-6 transgenic mice. However, the cell bodies were small, and the branches were few and thin. The number of astrocytes in the model group was remarkably less than the sham-operated group. Compared to the model and sham-operated groups, the number of astrocytes significantly increased, and the cell body becam

关键词： cerebral ischemia astrocytes low molecular weight heparin-superoxide dismutase conjugate

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