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Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： Megan L.SCHILL Richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison M.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian Mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure

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Dynamics of iron and aluminum storages in a subtropical forest headwater stream

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第7期21卷 2193-2205页

作者： YI Qiumeng MA Diting PENG Yan ZHAO Zemin YUAN Chaoxiang YUAN Ji NI Xiangyin WU Fuzhong YUE Kai AN Nannan Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of Ministry of Education School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research station Sanming 365002China

The forest headwater streams are important hubs for connecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems,with plant litter and sediments as the major carriers for material migrations;however,until now we knew little about the dynamics of trace elements such as iron(Fe)and aluminum(Al)in forest headwater ***,we quantitatively identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of Fe and Al storages in plant litter and sediments and their influencing factors in a subtropical forest headwater stream,and assessed the potential pollution *** results showed that:(1)the mean concentrations of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 5.48 and 8.46(7.39 and 47.47)g·kg^(-1),and the mean storages of Fe and Al in plant litter(sediments)were 0.26 and 0.43(749.04 and 5030.90)g·m^(-2),respectively;(2)the storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments significantly fluctuated from January to December,and showed a decreasing pattern from the source to mouth;and(3)storages of Fe and Al had no significant correlation with riparian forest type and the present of tributary and the Fe and Al storages in plant litter were mainly affected by water temperature and water alkalinity,and their storages in sediments were mainly affected by water temperature and frequency of rainfall;and(4)there were no anthropogenic pollution in Fe and Al in the forest headwater *** study revealed the primary factors of concentrations and storages of Fe and Al in plant litter and sediments in a forest headwater stream,which will improve our understanding of the role of headwater streams in forest nutrient storage and cycling along with hydrological processes.

关键词： plant litter Sediments Storage Forest headwater stream Stream characteristics Trace element

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Circumscription of the East Asia clade (Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae) and the taxonomic placements of several problematic genera

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plant Diversity 2024年第2期46卷 206-218页

作者： Jing Zhou Xinyue Wang Shilin Zhou Junmei Niu Jiarui Yue Zhenwen Liu Stephen R.Downie School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products Kunming Medical University1168 Western Chunrong RoadYuhua StreetChenggong New CityKunming 650500China Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland Kunming 650201China Gaoligong Mountain Forest EcosystemObservation and Research Station of Yunnan ProvinceKunming 650201China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Gaoligong Mountain Kunming 650201China Department of plant Biology University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA College of Modern Biomedical Industry Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650500China

The East Asia(or Physospermopsis) clade was recognized in previous molecular phylogenetic investigations into the higher-level relationships of Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. The composition of this clade, the phylogenetic relationships among its constituent taxa, and the placement of species previously determined to be problematic have yet to be resolved. Herein, nr DNA ITS sequences were obtained for150 accessions of Apioideae, representing species whose distributions are in East Asia or genera having one or more species included within the East Asia clade. These data, along with published ITS sequences from other Apioideae(for 3678 accessions altogether), were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. The results show that the East Asia clade contains representatives of 11currently recognized genera: Hansenia, Hymenolaena, Keraymonia, Sinolimprichtia, Acronema, Hymenidium, Physospermopsis, Pimpinella, Sinocarum, Tongoloa, and Trachydium. However, the latter seven genera have members falling outside of the East Asia clade, including the generic types of all except Tongoloa. Within the clade, the species comprising these seven genera are widely intermingled, greatly increasing confusion among relationships than previously realized. The problematic species Physospermopsis cuneata is confirmed as falling within the East Asia clade, whereas P. rubrinervis allies with the generic type in tribe Pleurospermeae. Physospermopsis kingdon-wardii is confirmed as a member of the genus Physospermopsis, whereas the generic attributions of P. cuneata and Tongoloa stewardii remain unclear. Two species of Sinocarum(S. filicinum and S. wolffianum) are transferred into the genus Meeboldia. This is the most comprehensive molecular phylogenetic investigation of the East Asia clade to date, and while the results increase systematic understanding of the clade, they also highlight the need for further studies of one of the most taxonomically intractable groups in Api

关键词： Physospermopsis Pimpinella Sinocarum Tongoloa Trachydium

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Parasitism and pathogenicity of Radopholus similis to Ipomoea aquatica, Basella rubra and Cucurbita moschata and genetic diversity of different populations

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 120-134页

作者： LI Yu WANG Ke XIE Hui XU Chun-ling WANG Dong-wei LI Jing HUANG Xin PENG Xiao-fang Laboratory of plant Nematology and Research Center of Nematodes of plant quarantine Department of Plant Pathology South China Agricultural University

Ten populations of Radopholus similis from different ornamental hosts were tested for their parasitism and pathogenicity to water spinach （Ipomoea aquatic）, malabar spinach （Basella rubra）, and squash （Cucurbita moschata） in pots. The re- sults showed all three plants were new hosts of R. similis. Growth parameters of plants inoculated with nematodes were significantly lower than those of healthy control plants. All R. similis populations were pathogenic to the three plants, but pathogenicity differed among populations from different hosts. The same R. similis populations also showed different pathogenic effects in the three different plants. RadN5 population from Anthurium andraeanum had the highest pathoge- nicity to the three studied plants. RadN1 from A. andraeanum had the lowest pathogenicity to squash and RadN7 from Chrysalidocarpus lutesens had the lowest pathogenicity to water spinach and malabar spinach. R. similis is usually associated with root tissues, but here we report that it could be found to move and feed in the stem bases of all three studied plants. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of DNA markers of the 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and mitochondrial DNA gene sequences of ten R. similis populations revealed significant genetic diversity. RadN5 and RadN6 populations from anthurium showed a close genetic relationship and could be distinguished from other populations by PCR-RFLP. At the same time, RadN5 and RadN6 populations were the most pathogenic to three studied plants. These results confirm the existence of large biological variability and molecular diversity among R. similis populations from the same or different hosts, and these characteristics are related to pathogenic variability.

关键词： burrowing nematode parasitism pathogenicity genetic diversity PCR-RFLP

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Limited impacts of occasional tillage on dry aggregate size distribution and soil carbon and nitrogen fractions in semi-arid drylands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 96-106页

作者： Wooiklee S.Paye Vesh R.Thapa Rajan Ghimire New Mexico State University Agricultural Science CenterClovisNM88101USA New Mexico State University Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesLas CrucesNM88003USA

Tillage management that minimizes the frequency and intensity of soil disturbance can increase soil carbon(C)and nitrogen(N)sequestration and improve the resilience of dryland cropping systems,yet the impact of occasional disturbance on soil aggregate formation and the soil organic carbon(SOC)storage within aggregates has not been studied *** evaluated the effect of four tillage management practices on soil dry aggregate size distribution,aggregate-protected C and N,mineral-associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C),particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C),and corn(Zea mays L.)and sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)yields in a semi-arid dryland cropping *** included conventional tillage(CT),strip-tillage(ST),no-tillage(NT),and occasional tillage(OT)management in a corn-sorghum *** macro-aggregates were 51-54%greater under ST,NT,and OT,while small and micro-aggregates were greater in *** tillage reduced soil aggregate-associated C by 28-31%in macro-aggregates and 47-53%in small aggregates at 26 months(M)sampling compared to ST,NT,and *** clay+silt fraction,CT had 14-16%,21-26%,and 36-43%less SOC at 7,14,and 26M samplings,respectively,than ST,NT,and *** associated N was generally similar under ST,NT,and OT,which was greater on average than *** MOAM-C and POM-C under ST,NT,and OT were generally greater than respective SOC fractions under CT at 19 and 26 M after OT *** and sorghum yields were similar among tillage systems in 2020,but greater under ST,NT,and OT than CT in *** results suggest that while frequent intensive tillage can lower SOC and N storage,a single stubble mulch occasional tillage after several years of NT does not lead to soil C and N losses and soil structural instability in semi-arid drylands.

关键词： Conventional tillage Occasional tillage Aggregate associated carbon Mineral associated organic matter carbon(MAOM-C) Particulate organic matter carbon(POM-C)

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Functional Characterization of a Novel Chloroplast-targeting Non-classically Secreted Protein(PcCt2) in the Pathogenesis of Phytophthora capsici

Functional Characterization of a Novel Chloroplast-targeting...

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中国植物病理学会2024年学术年会

作者： HUA Cai LAI Bingting QIU Xiang GUO Yaru XU Kaiyi LI Linying ZHANG Kaidi GUO Hengyuan LIU Wenbo Justice Norvienyeku Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical plant Diseases and Pests Ministry of EducationSchool of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan University Danzhou Invasive Species Observation and Research station of Hainan Province Hainan University

The oomycetes Phytophthora capsici is an economically destructive plant pathogen that causes Phytophthora-blight disease in multiple fruit and vegetable crops,including Capsicum annum,Solanum lycopersicum,Citrullus lanatus,Vicia faba,Solanum melongena among *** Phytophthora-blight pathogen remains a significant threat to global food security due to inadequate knowledge of the molecular determinants of pathogenicity or virulence of *** during pathogen-host interaction to support the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly disease control *** and effectome analysis revealed a hypothetical protein containing chloroplast-targeting peptide(cTP) in ***(PcCt2) as a novel non-classically secreted candidate effector protein that targets host chloroplast during pathogen-host ***,we deployed transcriptomic,biochemical,and functional geneticstrategies,including CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and homologous recombination approach to generate PcCT2 targeted gene replacement *** exclusive and significant up-regulation in the expression pattern of PcCT2 at early and late stages of *** interaction with pepper,tomato,faba bean,kidney bean,watermelon,and *** the same time,phenotypic characterization of the ΔPcct2 strains showed that targeted replacement of PcCT2 triggered a significant reduction in the vegetative growth,sporulation,stress tolerance,and virulence of ***-fold2-based pairwise screening of pepper proteome with PcCT2 identified 16 chloroplast localized putative interaction *** from Yeast-two-hybrid analysis confirmed a physical-geneticinteraction between PcCT2 and chloroplast localized Ethylene-responsive transcription *** findings underscore the significance of non-classically secreted effector proteins in the pathogenesis of *** and also projected PcCT2 as a potential target for developing oomyticides against the Phytophthora-blight pa

关键词： Phytophthora capsici effector protein Pathogen-host interaction Microbial Pathogenesis Non-classically secreted protein

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Glycosylated and Non-glycosylated Apigenin Inhibits Vegetative Morphogenesis,Zoosporogenesis,and Virulence of Phytophthora capsici

Glycosylated and Non-glycosylated Apigenin Inhibits Vegetati...

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中国植物病理学会2024年学术年会

作者： LI Linying LI Fenqi SHI Ruqi QIU Xiang LAI Bingting GUO Hengyuan LIU Wenbo Justice Norvienyeku Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical plant Diseases and Pests Ministry of EducationSchool of Tropical Agriculture and ForestryHainan University Danzhou Invasive Species Observation and Research station of Hainan Province Hainan University

Apigenins are a group of naturally occurring biologically active plant flavonoids that mainly accumulate in *** studies have reported the accumulation of apigenin in fruit and vegetable crops,including Apium graveolenss (celery),Cynara scolymus(artichoke),and Petroselinum crispum(parsley) in the glycosylated state,the generation and accumulation of apigenin in Capsicum annum(pepper) have been ***,while previous studies have linked apigenin-mediated progression of apoptosis to the suppression of cancer and tumors in animals,the likely anti-microbial effects of glycosylated and non-glycosylated apigenin against phytopathogenicoomycetes,specifically Phytophthora capsici have not been ***-targeted metabolomics profiling of three pepper cultivars,including HNUCB0081(highly susceptible),HNUCB0226(moderately resistant),and XIAO ZHOU PI (completely resistant) pepper cultivars challenged with ***,revealed the exclusive accumulation of apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in all three pepper cultivars during *** infection in a trend that corresponds to the resistant capabilities of the i-ndividual pepper *** the same time,targeted metabolomics analysis confirmed that pepper seedlings undergo metabolomics reprogramming that generates and accumulates apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside in response to P capsici ***,we demonstrated that exogenous supplementation culture medium with apigenin,apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside,and a combination of apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside significantly suppressed vegetative growth,and sporulation and *** from scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy examinations revealed collapsing of hyphae,nuclear condensation,and increasing incidences of liposome formation in the vegetative hyphae of *** treated with apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-*** the first time,we report the generation of apigenin and apigenin-7-o-β-d-glucoside

关键词： Apigenin Phytophthora capsici Apoptosis Pathogen-host interaction Green prevention

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Floristic Diversity and Conservation Status of Guineo-Congolese Species in Southeastern Cameroon: The Case of the Gari-Gombo Communal Forest

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 87-97页

作者： Boris Nyeck Valery Noiha Noumi Nicole Maffo Maffo Victor Awe Djongmo Cedric Djomo Chimi Louis Zapfack Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Ngaoundéré Ngaoundéré Cameroon Agricultural Research Institute for Development (IRAD) Minko Agricultural Research Station Meyomessala Cameroon Department of live Sciences Higher Teacher Training College University of Bertoua Bertoua Cameroon Department of plant Biology and Physiology Faculty of Sciences University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Agricultural Research Institute for Development (IRAD) Research Station of Yokadouma Yokadouma Cameroon

The conservation of plant biodiversity has become one of the most important objectives in the sustainable management of Guinean-Congolese ecosystems. However, in the south-east zone of Cameroon, there is a lack of rigor in the management of these forests, which can result in the loss of species of high conservation value. The study was carried out in communal forests in the south-east zone of Cameroon. Its aim was to carry out a floristic inventory and then compare the list of species with the IUCN catalog. Twenty-four plots, each with a surface area of 0.2 ha, were set up in the Gari-Gombo communal forest. All timbers with a DBH ≥ 5 cm were systematically counted. A total of 176 species, belonging to 144 genera and 45 families, were surveyed. Fabaceae (42.08%), Malvaceae (39%), Euphorbiaceae (24.64%), Moraceae (20.92%), Apocynaceae (18.64%), Cecropiaceae (16.60%), Ulmaceae (14.76%), Meliaceae (14.61%), Violaceae (14.08%), Combretaceae (12.67%), Theobroma cacao (21.17%), Baphia leptobotrys (18.06%), Rinorea sp. (14.09%), Musanga cecropioides (12.18%), Terminalia superba (10.32%), Neosloetiopsis kamerunensis (10.14%), Celtis zenkeri (8.29%) and Alstonia boonei (7.77%) were the most important taxa. Nearly 90% of the species in this forest are Guinean species, with a dominance of Guinean-Congolese species (66%). Fourteen (14) threatened species have been identified in the FCGG. This study, which highlights the rich biodiversity of communal forests, is important for guiding biodiversity conservation policies in ecosystems used for production.

关键词： Communal Forest Conservation Status Cameroon Floristic Diversity

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The Effect and Benefit of Rice Chilo suppressalis Walker Chemical Control Test of Chlorantraniliprole etc.

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年第6期16卷 1227-1232页

作者： Changjia PENG Pan DING Tikun BAI Libin FENG Huaizhong YIN Wanqiu WANG Zhongyu FU plant Protection and plant quarantine station of Nanchong City plant Protection and plant quarantine station of Gaoping District in Nanchong City Soil Manure station of Nanchong City

In this paper, the first generation and second generation of Chilo suppressalis Walker were conducted as the test objects to investigate control of a new pesticide(chlorantraniliprole) with preparation of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC,abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC to Chilo suppressalis Walker. The results showed that chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos40% EC had effective control to Chilo suppressalis Walker for its excellent control efficacy and long persistence period. Seedling protection efficacies were between84.2%-100%, 90.1% and 92.1%, and insecticidal efficacies were between 84.6%-100%,90.7% and 93.8% 36 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC in treatments with abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC for first generation Chilo suppressalis Walker control. The dead panicles were between 0.2%-1.4%, 0.8%and 0.7%, pest plant rate control in 0.4%-2.2%, 1.1% and 0.9%, and the rates of damaged rice plants were between 82.4%-97.6%, 90.2%-91.2% and 91.4%-92.8%,30 days after application of chlorantraniliprole 20% SC, abamectin 1.8% EC and chlorpyrifos 40% EC for the second generation Chilo suppressalis Walker control. It can effectively protect seedlings, protect spike, increase grain number and grain weight, which promoting the increase production income effect. The real estate increased by 9.7%-12.3%, 10.9% and 11.2% than water treatment(CK) with a very significant level, while the incomes were higher than 1 719.19-1 998.22, 1 956.52 and 2 057.83 yuan.

关键词： Chilo suppressalis Walker Chlorantraniliprole Avermectin Chlorpyrifos Control effect: Evaluation

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Genetics of biochemical attributes regulating morpho-physiology of upland cotton under high temperature conditions

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 29-44页

作者： MAJEED Sajid CHAUDHARY Muhammad Tanees MUBARIK Muhammad Salman RANA Iqrar Ahmad SHABAN Muhammad TAN Daniel KY JIA Yinhua DU Xiongming HINZE Lori AZHAR Muhammad Tehseen Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department Ministry of National Food Security and ResearchIslamabad 44090Pakistan Horticultural Research Institute National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan Department of Biotechnology University of NarowalNarowal 51600Pakistan Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38400Pakistan Department of plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture FaisalabadSub-Campus BurewalaVehariPakistan Faculty of Science School of Life and Environ-mental SciencesPlant Breeding InstituteSydney Institute of AgricultureThe University of SydneySydneyNSW 2006Australia State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agri-cultural ScienceAnyang 455000China Agricultural Research Service USDASouthern Plains Agricultural Research CentreCollege StationTX 77845USA Department of plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisal-abad 38400Pakistan School of Agriculture Sciences Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China.

Background Cotton is a strategically important fibre crop for global textile *** profoundly impacts several countries’industrial and agricultural *** cotton production is continuously threatened by the unpre-dictable changes in climate,specifically high *** heat-tolerant,high-yielding cotton cultivars with wide adaptability to be grown in the regions with rising temperatures is one of the primary objectives of modern cotton breeding ***,the main objective of the current study is to figure out the effective breed-ing approach to imparting heat tolerance as well as the judicious utilization of commercially significant and stress-tolerant attributes in cotton ***,the two most notable heat-susceptible(FH-115 and NIAB Kiran)and tolerant(IUB-13 and GH-Mubarak)cotton cultivars were spotted to develop filial and backcross populations to accom-plish the preceding study *** heat tolerant cultivars were screened on the basis of various morphological(seed cotton yield per plant,ginning turnout percentage),physiological(pollen viability,cell membrane thermostabil-ity)and biochemical(peroxidase activity,proline content,hydrogen peroxide content)*** The results clearly exhibited that heat stress consequently had a detrimental impact on every studied plant trait,as revealed by the ability of crossing and their backcross populations to tolerate high ***,when considering overall yield,biochemical,and physiological traits,the IUB-13×FH-115 cross went over particularly well at both normal and high temperature ***,overall seed cotton yield per plant exhibited a posi-tive correlation with both pollen viability and antioxidant levels(POD activity and proline content).Conclusions Selection from segregation population and criteria involving pollen viability and antioxidant levels concluded to be an effective strategy for the screening of heat-tolerant cotton g

关键词： Accessions Biochemical Breeding Cotton Generation mean analysis Heat stress

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