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Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom

world Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第14期7卷 1795-1804页

作者： Suvi RK Hokkanen Naomi Boxall Javaria Mona Khalid Dimitri Bennett Haridarshan Patel real world evidence solutions IQVIALondon N19JYUnited Kingdom evidence and Value Generation Global Medical AffairsTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.London WC2B 4AEUnited Kingdom Department of Epidemiology Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.CambridgeMA 02139United StatesAdjunctPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States evidence and Value Generation Global Medical AffairsTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.DeerfieldIL 6001United States

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44;95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients wi

关键词： Anal fistula United Kingdom Europe Crohn's disease Comorbidities Prevalence

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evidence-based guidelines for greener,healthier,more resilient neighbourhoods:Introducing the 3–30–300 rule

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 821-830页

作者： Cecil C.Konijnendijk Nature Based solutions Institute BarcelonaSpain

The important contributions of urban trees and green spaces to for example,climate moderation and public health have been *** paper discusses guidelines and norms that promote the benefi ts of viewing green,living amongst green,and having easy access to green spaces for recreational *** trees and other vegetation in sight from one’s home,place of work,or school has important mental health and performance benefi *** tree canopy cover is positively associated with cooling and other aspects of climate *** public green spaces in proximity to one’s home stimulates regular use of these areas and results in positive impacts on mental,physical,and social *** analyzing existing guidelines and rules for urban green space planning and provision,a new,comprehensive guideline is presented,known as the‘3–30–300 rule’for urban *** guideline aims to provide equitable access to trees and green spaces and their benefi ts by setting the thresholds of having at least 3 well-established trees in view from every home,school,and place of work,no less than a 30%tree canopy in every neighbourhood;and no more than 300 m to the nearest public green space from every *** implementation of this new guideline is discussed,as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using this evidence-based but also clear and simple rules.

关键词： Climate adaptation Guidelines Public health Trees Urban forestry

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Are BRICS Countries Winning the War on HIV/AIDS？ Magnitude and Risk Factors

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Sociology Study 2015年第9期5卷 700-717页

作者： Geoffrey Setswe Olive Shisana Nompumelelo Zungu Matshaba Mothiane Brics Research Centre (Human Sciences Research Council) South Africa evidence Based solutions South Africa

The aim of this study was to analyse the responses to HIV/AIDS in BRICS （Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa） countries to determine if they are winning the war on this pandemic. The authors used a comparative case study approach and multiple data sources on HIV prevalence, incidence, mortality, and risk factors of HIV. BRICS has 42% of the world＇s population, a total of 11.1 million people living with HIV （PLHIV） and an average HIV prevalence of 2.8%. Overall, there were 11.1 million PLHIV, 739,909 new infections, and 592,786 deaths in BRICS countries in 2012. The magnitude of HIV in BRICS countries was Brazil （.5%）, Russia （1.1%）, India （.3%）, China （.1%）, and South Africa （12.2%）. New infections declined by 30% or more and overall prevalence and deaths also declined in Brazil, India, China, and South Africa. The epidemic has stabilized in Brazil at .6%. Russia has one of the world＇s fastest-growing H1V epidemics, India has the largest burden of HIV in Asia and South Africa has the largest number of PLHIV. During a 10 year period, Russia had a 47% increase in new HIV infections. This suggests that Russia may be losing the battle against HIV at this stage. On the other hand, India and South Africa seem to have turned the corner with declines in HIV infections of 43% and 38% respectively.

关键词： BRICS (Brazil Russia India China and South Africa) HIV/AIDS magnitude risk

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Handwriting Identification:Challenges and solutions

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2018年第3期4卷 167-173页

作者： Liu Xiaohong Lian Yuanyuan Beijing Huaxia evidence Identification Centre Key Laboratory of evidence Science Ministry of EducationChina University of Political Science and LawBeijingCollaborative Innovation Center of Judicial CivilizationChina

As a historic technology,handwriting identification,especially that of Chinese characters,plays an important role in judicial trials both in domestic and ***,in recent decades,handwriting identification has feced a challenging situation;the scientificity of handwriting identification has been *** article analyzes the reasons for questioning handwriting identification,focusing on the aspects of standards,methods,quantitative analysis of handwriting identification,and qualification,training,and assessment of document ***,corresponding solutions for the above aspects and some other characteristics,such as systematic identification,cross-examination of expert opinions,and rule of corroboration,are proposed.

关键词： Challenge handwriting identification scientificity solution

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Russian clinical research policy does not guarantee results availability

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world Journal of Meta-Analysis 2014年第4期2卷 154-161页

作者： Tatyana Arstakovna Shamliyan Anna Artemovna Avanesova evidence-Based Medicine Center Clinical SolutionsPhiladelphiaPA 19103United States Stavropol State University Stavropol 355009Russian Federation

AIM： To investigate results availability from clinical studies enrolling Russian subjects and Russian clinical research ***： We analyzed Russian legislation and ethi-cal regulations about drug and devices approval, clini-cal research registration and the results availability. In August 2012, we searched International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and *** to fnd all regis-tered studies that had an investigational site in the ter-ritory of the Russian Federation. To fnd publication sta-tus, we searched the PubMed and Scirus bibliographical databases with trial registration number to fnd journal publications of the registered ***： We identifed 2062 registered research pro-tocols comprising 2017 international and 45 protocols sponsored by the Russian funding agencies. The num-ber of the studies enrolling Russian subjects increased dramatically from three studies in 2002 to 252 studies in 2012. Most studies （92%） were funded exclusively by industry, were interventions （94.6%）, examined drugs （87%） and enrolled exclusively adults （86%） of both genders （89%）. Only 383 （19%） of multinational stud-ies and two （4.4%） of exclusively Russian studies werepublished. Posting of patient outcomes was available for 16% of the trials that recruited trial participants in the Russian territory including one study funded exclu-sively by Russian sponsors. Investigators terminated 99 studies of 38111 participants and did not provide the results in *** or in published manuscripts. Federal laws require clinical study registration and con-fict of interest disclosure. However, routine monitoring of compliance to clinical research policy is not ***： Russian legislation does not guarantee the availability of clinical research results. Russian leg-islation should mandate transparent evidence- based market approval of the drugs and devices.

关键词： Clinical Research Meta-analysis Research standards Publication bias Medicine Legal

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Whole grain intake and pancreatic cancer risk

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第4期10卷 530-533页

作者： Glenn A.Gaesser College of Health solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZUSA

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide,and there is evidence that dietary factors contribute significantly to cancer risk(1).Whole grain foods are associated with a lower risk of several chronic diseases,including cancer,and are recommended as part of a healthy diet(1,2).Over the past 10 years,multiple meta-analyses have shown that whole grain intake is associated with lower risk of total and site-specific cancer incidence and mortality(3).

关键词： intake cancer mortality

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Big data in support of the sustainable development goals(continued):a celebration of the establishment of the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals(CBAS)

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Big Earth Data 2021年第4期5卷 443-444页

作者： Huadong Guo Heide Hackmann Ke Gong International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals world Federation of Engineering Organizations

The rapid development of analytics and concepts in big data enables us to diversify our efforts and enhance opportunities to implement the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).Big data improves the extent to which scientific evidence and innova-tive technological solutions can be adopted to meet these ***,the tools and methods of big data are still somewhat of a novelty in this respect.

关键词： Sustainable continued enable

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Lipid lowering in patients 75 years and older

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world Journal of Cardiology 2021年第10期13卷 526-532页

作者： Umidakhon Makhmudova P Christian Schulze Harry R Davis Oliver Weingartner Klinik fur Innere Medizin I Universitatsklinikum JenaJena 07747Germany Synergy Partners RD solutions Synergy Partners RD SolutionsGaithersburgMD 20850United States

More than twenty years ago,knowledge about the importance of cholesterol absorption and the potential therapeutic effect of its inhibition led to the discovery and clinical application of the first and only cholesterol absorption inhibitor to date–*** then,ezetimibe has become a well-recognized player in lipid-lowering *** findings of IMPROVE-IT and EWTOPIA 75 imply that elderly patients over the age of 75 years in particular benefit from *** review summarizes the evidence,discusses the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and calls for a change in future dyslipidemia guidelines.

关键词： Cholesterol Cholesterol absorption Cholesterol synthesis Ezetimibe Elderly

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Systematic literature review of the antitumor effect of octreotide in neuroendocrine tumors

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world Journal of Meta-Analysis 2018年第2期6卷 9-20页

作者： Stephanie M Barrows Beilei Cai Catherine Copley-Merriman Kelly R Wright Colleen V Castro Raoudha Soufi-Mahjoubi RTI Health solutions Novartis Pharmaceuticals RTI Health solutions Research Triangle Park

AIM To provide a comprehensive examination of the existing evidence of the antitumor effect of long-acting octreotide in neuroendocrine tumors(NETs).METHODS A systematic literature review of clinical trials and observational studies was conducted in PubM ed, EMBASE, and Cochrane through January 18, 2017. Conference abstracts for 2015 and 2016 from 5 scientific meetings were also *** Of 41 articles/abstracts identified, 13 unique studies compared octreotide with active or no treatment. Two of the 13 studies were clinical trials; the remaining were observational studies. The phase 3 Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Prospective, Randomized Study of the Effect of Octreotide long-acting repeatable(LAR) in the Control of Tumor Growth in Patients with MetastaticNeuroendocrine Midgut Tumors clinical trial showed that long-acting octreotide significantly prolonged time to tumor progression compared with placebo in patients with functionally active and inactive metastatic midgut NETs; no statistically significant difference in overall survival(OS) was observed, possibly due to the crossover of placebo patients to octreotide. Retrospective observational studies found that long-acting octreotide use was associated with significantly longer OS than no octreotide use for patients with distant metastases although not for those with local/regional disease. CONCLUSION The clinical trial and observational studies with informative evidence support long-acting octreotide's antitumor effect on time to tumor progression and OS. This review showed the rarity of existing studies assessing octreotide's antitumor effect and recommends that future research is warranted.

关键词： Neuroendocrine tumors Antitumor effect Octreotide Overall survival Progression-free survival

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Presbyopic correction on the cornea

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Eye and Vision 2014年第1期1卷 24-33页

作者： Samuel Arba Mosquera Jorge L Alió SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions KleinostheimGermany Vissum Corporation AlicanteSpain Division of Ophthalmology Universidad Miguel HernándezAlicanteSpain.

Purpose:The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize and appraise the evidence of the benefits of presbyopic correction on the cornea for visual ***:Comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE using keywords like“presbylasik”,“presbyopic refractive surgery”,“corneal pseudoaccommodation”and“corneal multifocality”.We reviewed corrected and uncorrected visual acuities for distance and near(uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),uncorrected near visual acuity(UNVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),distance corrected near visual acuity(DCNVA),corrected near visual acuity(CNVA)),along with the refractive outcomes in spherical equivalent(SE)and astigmatism comparing the differences observed between preoperative myopic and hyperopic patients,as well as among ***-one studies met the inclusion and quality *** provides excellent distance and near uncorrected acuities,but with a 17%retreatment and a 5%reversal *** multifocal ablations result in 12%loss of 2 or more lines of CDVA,and a 21%retreatment *** Blended Vision provides excellent UDVA,but with a 19%retreatment *** experiences with Supracor show moderate predictability and a 22%retreatment *** results in 9%loss of 2 or more lines of *** provides excellent UDVA,with only a 1%retreatment rate,but a 6%reversal *** experiences with PresbyMAX provided excellent UNVA and DCNVA,showing excellent predictability and a 1%reversal ***:The findings have implications for clinicians and policymakers in the health-care industry and emphasize the need for additional trials examining this important and widely performed clinical procedure.

关键词： Presbyopic refractive correction Presbylasik Corneal pseudoaccommodation Corneal multifocality Distance corrected near visual acuity Monovision Laser Blended Vision Supracor and Intracor KAMRA PresbyMAX

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