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Improving photochemical indicators for attributing ozone sensitivities in source apportionment analysis

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 235-246页

作者： Xiaohui Du Wei Tang Zhongzhi Zhang Yang Yu Yang Li Ling Huang Greg Yarwood Fan Meng Atmospheric Environment Institute Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100857China Asia Center for Air Pollution Research United Nations Environment Programme Asia and the Pacific OfficeNishi-kuNiigata-shi 9502144Japan School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China ramboll NovatoCalifornia 94945USA

Comprehensive Air Quality Model with extensions(CAMx)-Decoupled Direct Method(DDM)simulations of first-order ozone(O_(3))sensitivity to nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions were performed and combined with modelled P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratios to obtain a range of thresholds for determining O_(3)-sensitivity regimes for different areas of *** the new threshold ranges for photochemical indicators,the method for determining O_(3)formation in the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology(OSAT)module within CAMx was improved by a dynamically varied threshold of P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))*** O_(3)concentration contributions in the newly added transition regime were apportioned to NO_(x)and VOCs emissions in proportion to the relationship between the P_(H_(2)O_(2))/P_(HNO_(3))ratio and first-order O_(3)*** source contributions of O_(3)concentrations from different emission sectors from June to September 2019 were compared using the original and improved *** results showed that the O_(3)concentration contributions changed significantly in the NO_(x)-limited regime,with a maximum decrease of 21.89%,while the contributions increased by up to 7.57%in the VOC-limited regime,and were within 15μg/m^(3)in the transition *** modified OSAT module enabled a more sophisticated attribution of O_(3)to precursor emissions and may have far-reaching implications for informing O_(3)pollution control policy.

关键词： O_(3) modeling O_(3)-sensitivity regimes Ozone source apportionment technology Photochemical indicators

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Coastal morphological modeling to assess the dynamics of Arklow Bank, Ireland

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2009年第3期24卷 299-314页

作者： J. K. PANIGRAHI P. N. ANANTH P. A. UMESH Senior Engineering Consultant L & T-RAMBOLL Consulting Engineers Limited Senior Project Consultant L & T-RAMBOLL Engineering Consultant L & T-RAMBOLL

A numerical modeling and simulation experiment is carried out to assess the sediment dynamics of Arklow Bank, Ireland. To meet a requirement for favorable site selection to establish windmills on the bank, the long-term morphological changes of the coast are studied using the CAMS (Coastal Area Morphological Shell) model of the Mike-21 suite of programs. The morphological modeling of the bank was accomplished by pursuing a probabilistic approach for the observed tide and wave characteristics that contribute significantly to the sediment transport processes over the bank. A series of simulations are performed using Mike-21 NSW (Nearshore Spectral Wind-Wave), HD (Hydrodynamic), and ST (Sand Transport) models to establish the coastal hydraulics parameters. The results of the morphological modeling showed that generally the bank is dynamically stable with most areas of the bank having average bed level changes on the order of ±8 cm/day.

关键词： Morphodynamics Sediment transport CAMS Bed-level change Sand banks

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Sustainability Capacity Building Based on Educational Method: A Case Study on China and Sweden Joint Program

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2008年第4期6卷 59-64页

作者： Zhang Qi Marie Nesser Jonathon Wigley Yu Guopei Environmental Education Center East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China ramboll Natura AB Stockholm 102-65 Sweden SADC Regional Environmental Education Center Howick 3290 South Africa

Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development (EE&ESD) have been widely accepted as an effective educational method to contribute to capacity development and processes of change in developing countries. This paper takes SIDA supported EE&ESD in formal educationadvanced international training program, China as an example. By analyzing and reflecting its orientation, implementation, outcomes and evaluation, experiences and lessons learned are expected to help improve the sorts of international cooperation capacity building programs both from international and also Chinese perspectives.

关键词：环境教育环境保护环境管理中国发展现状

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Safety Impact of Average Speed Control in the UK

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2016年第5期6卷 312-326页

作者： Harry Lahrmann Bo Brassøe Jonas Wibert Johansen Jens Christian Overgaard Madsen Traffic Research Group Department of Civil Engineering Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark ramboll Aarhus Denmark

There is considerable safety potential in ensuring that motorists respect the speed limits. High speeds increase the number and severity of accidents. Technological development over the last 20 years has enabled the development of systems that allow automatic speed control. The first generation of automatic speed control was point-based, but in recent years a potentially more effective alternative automatic speed control method has been introduced. This method is based upon records of drivers’ average travel speed over selected sections of the road and is normally called average speed control or section control. This article discusses the different methods for automatic speed control and presents an evaluation of the safety effects of average speed control, documented through changes in speed levels and accidents before and after the implementation of average speed control at selected sites in the UK. The study demonstrates that the introduction of average speed control results in statistically significant and substantial reductions both in speed and in number of accidents. The evaluation indicates that average speed control has a higher safety effect than point-based automatic speed control.

关键词： Average Speed Control Fixed Speed Cameras Automatic Speed Control Safety Effect UK

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