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Mulberry leaf supplementation inhibits skatole deposition by regulating gut microbiota and upregulating liver cytochrome P4501A1 expression in finishing pigs

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 34-44页

作者： Yuqing Sun Xiaoming Men Tianbao Lin Bo Deng Shi Zhong Jinxi Huo Kaipeng Qin Zhiqiang Lv Ziwei Xu Yougui Li institute of Sericulture and Tea Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Skatole, a strong fecal odor substance, is generated through microbial degradation of tryptophan in the animal hindgut. It easily accumulates in adipose tissue and affects meat quality. In this study, the effect of mulberry leaf supplementation on skatole in finishing pigs was studied. In a 35-day trial, 20 finishing pigs (barrows and gilts) were fed with a basal diet or basal diet with 6% mulberry leaves. Growth performance of the pigs (n=10) was automatically recorded by a performance-testing feeder system and 8 pigs in each treatment were slaughtered and sampled for the remaining tests. Skatole and short-chain fatty acids were detected using HPLC and gas chromatography, respectively. Fecal microbiota were analyzed using 16S r RNA gene sequencing. The metabolomics analysis of feces and serum was performed with UHPLC-MS/MS. The major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes that catalyze skatole degradation in the liver were tested by using RT-PCR and Western blot. Effects of major bioactive compounds in mulberry leaves on the CYP genes were verified in the hepatic cell line Hep G2 in an in vitro test (n=3). In finishing pigs, mulberry leaf supplementation had no significant effect on the average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (P>0.05), but reduced skatole levels in feces, serum, and backfat (P<0.05), and increased acetic acid levels in feces (P=0.027). Mulberry leaf supplementation decreased the relative abundance of the skatole-producing bacteria Megasphaera and Olsenella (P<0.05). Indole-3acetic acid, the intermediate that is essential for skatole production, was significantly reduced in feces by mulberry leaf supplementation (P<0.05) and was positively correlated with skatole content in feces (P=0.004). In pigs treated with mulberry leaves, liver CYP1A1 expression was increased (P<0.05) and was negatively correlated with skatole content in backfat (P=0.045). The in vitro test demonstrated that mulberry leaf polyphenols and polysaccharides could directly stimulate CYP1A1 expression in h

关键词： Pig Skatole Mulberry leaf Microbiota Cytochrome P450

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Impacts of agri-food e-commerce on traditional wholesale industry:Evidence from China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1409-1428页

作者： Ruyi Yang Jifang Liu Shanshan Cao Wei Sun Fantao Kong institute of agricultural Information Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of Special Animal and Plant sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun 130112China

Rapidly expanding studies investigate the effects of e-commerce on company operations in the retail market.However,the interaction between agri-food e-commerce(AEC)and the traditional agri-food wholesale industry(AWI)has not received enough attention in the existing literature.Based on the provincial panel data from 2013 to 2020 in China,this paper examines the effect of AEC on AWI,comprising three dimensions:digitalization(DIGITAL),agrifood e-commerce infrastructure and supporting services(AECI),and agri-food e-commerce economy(AECE).First,AWI and AEC are measured using an entropy-based combination of indicators.The results indicate that for China as a whole,AWI has remained practically unchanged,whereas AEC exhibits a significant rising trend.Second,the findings of the fixed-effect regression reveal that DIGITAL and AECE tend to raise AWI,whereas AECI negatively affects AWI.Third,threshold regression results indicate that AECI tends to diminish AWI with three-stage inhibitory intensity,which manifests as a first increase and then a drop in the inhibition degree.These results suggest that with the introduction of e-commerce for agricultural product circulation,digital development will have catfish effects that tend to stimulate the vitality of the conventional wholesale industry and promote technical progress.Furthermore,the traditional wholesale industry benefits financially from e-commerce even while it diverts part of the traditional wholesale circulation for agricultural products.

关键词： agri-food e-commerce traditional wholesale industry panel threshold model dual-channel circulation

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Promoting grain production through high-standard farmland construction:Evidence in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 324-335页

作者： Shuai Hao Guogang Wang Yantao Yang Sicheng Zhao Shengnan Huang Liping Liu Huanhuan Zhang institute of agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Food security is a strategic priority for a country’s economic development.In China,high-standard farmland construction(HSFC)is an important initiative to stabilize grain production and increase grain production capacity.Based on panel data from 31 sample provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China from 2005–2017,this study explored the impact of HSFC on grain yield using the difference-in-differences(DID)method.The results showed that HSFC significantly increased total grain production,which is robust to various checks.HSFC increased grain yield through three potential mechanisms.First,it could increase the grain replanting index.Second,it could effectively reduce yield loss due to droughts and floods.Last,HSFC could strengthen the cultivated land by renovating the low-and medium-yielding fields.Heterogeneity analysis found that the HSFC farmland showed a significant increase in grain yield only in the main grain-producing areas and balanced areas.In addition,HSFC significantly increased the yields of rice,wheat,and maize while leading to a reduction in soybean yields.The findings suggest the government should continue to promote HSFC,improve construction standards,and strictly control the“non-agriculturalization”and“non-coordination”of farmland to increase grain production further.At the same time,market mechanisms should be used to incentivize soybean farming,improve returns and stabilize soybean yields.

关键词： high-standard farmland farmland construction food security food production area difference-in-differences

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Effect of red clover isoflavones on hormone, immune, inflammatory,and plasma biochemistry in lactating dairy cows

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 306-312页

作者： Shiqi Zhang Xiaoyin Zhang Zhanbo Xiong Kexin Li Yuan Gao Ying Bu Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Jiaqi Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, institute of Animal sciences, Chinese Academy of agricultural sciences State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China

This study was to conducted to investigate the effect of red clover isoflavones on the health indicated by immune status and blood biochemistry in dairy cows. Sixty-eight healthy Holstein lactating cows were randomly divided into four treatments(n = 17 per treatment) from 5 blocks according to milk yield using a randomized complete block design. No initial differences in parity(2.13 ± 1.21), days in milk(165 ± 21 d), and milk yield(33.93 ± 3.81 kg/d) between groups. Cows were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0, 2, 4, or 8 g/kg red clover extract(RCE) in diet(dry matter based). Feeding, refusal feed weights, and milk yield were recorded three consecutive days in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12. Blood was collected from the tail vein of the cows on the last day of weeks 4, 8 and 12, 1 h after the morning feeding,and analyzed for hormones, immunoglobulins, inflammatory markers, and markers of liver and kidney activities. The dry matter intake was significantly decreased by 3.7% in the 8 g/kg group(P 0.05). These results recommend the supplementation of RCE at a level from 2 to4 g/kg DM.

关键词： Dairy cow Red clover isoflavone Immunity Anti-inflammatory

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A novel pathogen Fusarium cuneirostrum causing common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris)root rot in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 166-176页

作者： Dong Deng Wenqi Wu Canxing Duan Suli Sun Zhendong Zhu institute of Crop sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium spp.have remained unclear.Thus,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification.The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic.The eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS regions.Host range test showed that the representative F.cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and soybean.Moreover,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened.This study revealed that F.cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well.To our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.

关键词： Fusarium cuneirostrum fusarium root rot pathogenicity molecular phylogenetic analysis Phaseolus vulgaris

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Nutrition impacts of non-solid cooking fuel adoption on under-five children in developing countries

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 397-413页

作者： Yalin Tang Yuhe Guo Gang Xie Chengfang Liu China Center for agricultural Policy School of Advanced Agricultural SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

This paper examines the nutrition impacts of using non-solid cooking fuel on under-five children in developing countries.We draw on data from more than 1.12 million children in 62 developing countries from the Demographic and Health Surveys(DHS).Results from both fixed effects(FE)and instrumental variable(IV)estimates show that using non-solid cooking fuel significantly improves the nutrition outcomes of under-five children.Compared with their peers from households mainly using solid fuel,children from households mainly using non-solid fuel exhibit a lower probability of experiencing stunting(by 5.9 percentage points)and being underweight(by 1.2 percentage points).Our further investigation provides evidence for several underlying mechanisms,such as improved indoor air quality,induced reduction in children’s respiratory symptoms,benefits on maternal health,and reduction in maternal time spent on fuel collection or cooking.Heterogenous analyses suggest that the nutrition benefits of using non-solid cooking fuel are more prominent among boys,children above three years old,and those from households of lower socioeconomic status,rural areas,and Southeast Asia.

关键词： non-solid cooking fuel nutrition benefits under-five children developing countries

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Resilience effects for household food expenditure and dietary diversity in rural western China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 384-396页

作者： Xiao Han Kaiyu Lyu Fengying Nie Yuquan Chen institute of agricultural Economics and Development Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China agricultural Information institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Academy of Global Food Economics and Policy China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China

A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary decisions.This study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)model.Results show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to 2021.Households with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food choices.It can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood uncertainty.Thus,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management strategies.This,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.

关键词： resilience food expenditure dietary diversity China risk management

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Green manuring relocates microbiomes in driving the soil functionality of nitrogen cycling to obtain preferable grain yields in thirty years

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Science China(Life sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 596-610页

作者： Guopeng Zhou Kunkun Fan Songjuan Gao Danna Chang Guilong Li Ting Liang Hai Liang Shun Li Jiudong Zhang Zongxian Che Weidong Cao State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/institute of agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Resources and Environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanchang 330200China institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China

Fertilizers are widely used to produce more food, inevitably altering the diversity and composition of soil organisms. The role of soil biodiversity in controlling multiple ecosystem services remains unclear, especially after decades of fertilization. Here, we assess the contribution of the soil functionalities of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P) cycling to crop production and explore how soil organisms control these functionalities in a 33-year field fertilization experiment. The long-term application of green manure or cow manure produced wheat yields equivalent to those obtained with chemical N, with the former providing higher soil functions and allowing the functionality of N cycling(especially soil N mineralization and biological N fixation) to control wheat production. The keystone phylotypes within the global network rather than the overall microbial community dominated the soil multifunctionality and functionality of C,N, and P cycling across the soil profile(0–100 cm). We further confirmed that these keystone phylotypes consisted of many metabolic pathways of nutrient cycling and essential microbes involved in organic C mineralization, N_(2)O release, and biological N fixation. The chemical N, green manure, and cow manure resulted in the highest abundances of amoB, nifH, and GH48 genes and Nitrosomonadaceae,Azospirillaceae, and Sphingomonadaceae within the keystone phylotypes, and these microbes were significantly and positively correlated with N_(2)O release, N fixation, and organic C mineralization, respectively. Moreover, our results demonstrated that organic fertilization increased the effects of the network size and keystone phylotypes on the subsoil functions by facilitating the migration of soil microorganisms across the soil profiles and green manure with the highest migration rates. This study highlights the importance of the functionality of N cycling in controlling crop production and keystone phylotypes in regulating soil functions, and provides selectable fertilization strategies f

关键词： soil biodiversity soil multifunctionality element cycling keystone phylotypes

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Fine mapping and cloning of the sterility gene Bra2Ms in nonheading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1195-1204页

作者： Liping Song Xia Li Liguang Tang Chuying Yu Bincai Wang Changbin Gao Yanfeng Xie Xueli Zhang Junliang Wang Chufa Lin Aihua Wang Wuhan Vegetable Research institute Wuhan Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430345China Biotechnology and Genetic Resources institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunming 650000China

The application of a male-sterile line is an ideal approach for hybrid seed production in non-heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp.chinensis).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying male sterility in B.rapa are still largely unclear.We previously obtained the natural male sterile line WS24-3 of non-heading Chinese cabbage and located the male sterile locus,Bra2Ms,on the A2 chromosome.Cytological observations revealed that the male sterility of WS24-3 resulted from disruption of the meiosis process during pollen formation.Fine mapping of Bra2Ms delimited the locus within a physical distance of about 129 kb on the A2 chromosome of B.rapa.The Bra039753 gene encodes a plant homeodomain(PHD)-finger protein and is considered a potential candidate gene for Bra2Ms.Bra039753 was significantly downregulated in sterile line WS24-3 compared to the fertile line at the meiotic anther stage.Sequence analysis of Bra039753 identified a 369 bp fragment insertion in the first exon in male sterile plants,which led to an amino acid insertion in the Bra039753 protein.In addition,the 369 bp fragment insertion was found to cosegregate with the male sterility trait.This study identified a novel locus related to male sterility in non-heading Chinese cabbage,and the molecular marker obtained in this study will be beneficial for the marker-assisted selection of excellent sterile lines in non-heading Chinese cabbage and other Brassica crops.

关键词： non-heading Chinese cabbage male sterility Bra2Ms fine mapping PHD-finger protein

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Enhanced organic degradation and microbial community cooperation by inoculating Bacillus licheniformis in low temperature composting

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第9期143卷 189-200页

作者： Jing Su Kaiyun Zhou Wenjie Chen Shaoqi Xu Ziwei Feng Yuan Chang Xiaoyan Ding Yi Zheng Xingling Tao Ake Zhang Yue Wang Ji Li Guochun Ding Yuquan Wei Nanjing institute of Environmental sciences Ministry of Ecology and EnvironmentNanjing 210042China College of Resources and Environmental Science Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic FarmingChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Organic Recycling institute(Suzhou)of China agricultural University Wuzhong DistrictSuzhou 215128China Fuyang Academy of agricultural sciences Fuyang 236065China

Microbial activity and interaction are the important driving factors in the start-up phase of food waste composting at low temperature.The aim of this study was to explore the effect of inoculating Bacillus licheniformis on the degradation of organic components and the potential microbe-driven mechanism from the aspects of organic matter degradation,enzyme activity,microbial community interaction,and microbial metabolic function.The results showed that after inoculating B.licheniformis,temperature increased to 47.8℃ on day2,and the degradation of readily degraded carbohydrates(RDC)increased by 31.2%,and the bioheat production increased by 16.5%.There was an obvious enhancement of extracellular enzymes activities after inoculation,especially amylase activity,which increased by 7.68 times on day 4.The inoculated B.licheniformis colonized in composting as key genus in the start-up phase.Modular network analysis and Mantel test indicated that inoculation drove the cooperation between microbial network modules who were responsible for various organic components(RDC,lipid,protein,and lignocellulose)degradation in the start-up phase.Metabolic function prediction suggested that carbohydrate metabolisms including starch and sucrose metabolism,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,pyruvate metabolism,etc.,were improved by increasing the abundance of related functional genes after inoculation.In conclusion,inoculating B.licheniformis accelerated organic degradation by driving the cooperation between microbial network modules and enhancing microbial metabolism in the start-up phase of composting.

关键词： Microbial agent Organic matter degradation Microbial interaction Food waste Low temperature composting

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