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Persistence of Healthcare-Associated (Nosocomial) Infections Due to Inadequate Hand Hygiene: Part 1—biological and Treatment Factors

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2018年第8期9卷 293-309页

作者： Robert B. Raffa Joseph V. Pergolizzi Robert Taylor Sanjib Choudhuri Robert Rodenbeck University of Arizona College of Pharmacy Tucson AZ USA Professor Emeritus Temple University School of Pharmacy Philadelphia PA USA Neumentum Inc. Palo Alto CA USA NEMA Research Inc. Naples FL USA Delta Faucet Co. Indianapolis IN USA

The most frequent adverse event in the healthcare delivery system is acquisition of an infection within a healthcare facility. Sinc. infection control measures are known, simple, and low-cost, we examine why the problem of healthcare-associated infections persists. Hundreds of millions of patients each year are affected by a healthcare-associated infection, with negative medical outcome and financial cost. It is a major public health problem even in countries with advanced healthcare systems. This is a bit perplexing, given that hygienic practices have been known and actively promoted. The objective is to address the question: doesn’t the use of disinfection, sterilization, handwashing, and alcohol rubs prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms? We conclude that the persistent high prevalence of nosocomial infections despite known hygienic practices is attributable to two categories of factors: biological and inherent shortcomings of some practices (considered in Part 1), and human factors (considered in Part 2). A new approach is presented in Part 3.

关键词： Infection Nosocomial Hospital Healthcare-Associated Hygiene Handwashing

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Color development in an extrusion-cooked model system

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological engineering 2008年第2期1卷 55-63页

作者： Hanwu Lei Roger Ruan R.Gary Fulcher Bernhard van Lengerich Department of Agricultural and Biosystems engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA The Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems engineering University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Food Science University of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 2N2Canada General Mills Inc.9000 Plymouth Ave.N.Golden ValleyMN 55427USA

Rice-glucose-lysine blend was extruded using a co-rotating twin-screw *** effects of different extrusion conditions on the browning properties of extrudates were analyzed and compared using the CIE Lab system of *** process variables inc.uded moisture content,screw speed,barrel temperature,and screw *** influence of product temperature on the browning property of extrudates was significant(P<0.05).The color parameters were related to product temperature by a 4th degree polynomial(P<0.05).Hunter color scale values(L*,a*,b*,-L*a*/b*,Whiteness Index,and Yellowness Index)from extruded samples were analyzed to relate to extrusion process *** temperature and browning properties were modeled and tested at various screw configurations and extrusion *** temperature and browning property models were verified using different screw geometries and other processing conditions with reasonable accuracy.

关键词： twin-screw extrusion browning hunter color scale Maillard reaction empirical modeling

Stigma Receptivity Is Controlled by Functionally Redundant MAPK Pathway Components in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2020年第11期13卷 1582-1593页

作者： Muhammad Jamshed Subramanian Sankaranarayanan Kumar Abhinandan Marcus A.Samuel University of Calgary BI 392Department of Biological Sciences2500 University Dr.NWCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Senior Scientist Frontier Agri-Science Inc98 Ontario StreetPort HopeON L1A2V2Canada Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

In angiosperms,the process of pollination relies on species-specific interaction and signaling between the male(pollen)and female(pistil)counterparts where the interplay between several pollen and stigma proteins decides the fate of the *** Brassicaceae,the dry stigmatic papillary cells control pollen germination by releasing resources only to compatible pollen thereby allowing pollen to hydrate and *** the identification of a number of stigmatic proteins that facilitate pollination responses,the signaling mechanisms that regulate functions of these proteins have remained ***,we show that,in Arabidopsis,an extremely functionally redundant mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is required for maintaining stigma receptivity to accept compatible *** genetic analyses demonstrate that in stigmas,five MAPK kinases(MKKs),MKK1/2/3/7/9 are required to transmit upstream signals to two MPKs,MPK3/4,to mediate compatible *** functions of these five MKKs in the quintuple mutant(mkk1/2/3RNAi/mkk7/9)phenocopied pollination defects observed in the m pk4RNAi/m pk3 double *** further show that this MAPK nexus converges on Exo70A1,a previously identified stigma receptivity factor essential for *** that pollination is the crucial initial step during plant reproduction,understanding the mechanisms that govern successful pollination could lead to development of strategies to improve crop yield.

关键词： reproduction pollination stigma receptivity compatibility MAPK redundancy Exo70A1 exocytosis phosphorylation

Optimizing a nitrogen-supplemented, condensed corn soluble medium for growth of the Polyhydroxyalkanoate producer Pseudomonas putida KT217

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International Journal of Agricultural and biological engineering 2012年第4期5卷 62-67页

作者： Jeremy Javers William Gibbons Chinnadurai Karunanithy ICM Inc.ColwichKansasKSUSA Biology and Microbiology Department South Dakota State UniversityBrookings SD57007 USA Food engineering Food and NutritionUniversity of Wisconsin-StoutMenomonie WI 54751 USA

Pseudomonas putida KT217 produces medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate(mcl-PHA)that is of commercial interest as a biodegradable *** reduce PHA production costs,a less expensive medium to grow *** KT217 to a high cell dry weight(CDW)was *** KT217 was grown in aerated shake flasks on a condensed corn solubles(CCS)based medium that provided several organic acids and carbohydrates that were utilized for *** medium was prepared by adding various amounts of fresh CCS(100-600 g/L,or 34.9-209.4 g/L dry basis)to water and then centrifuging and *** CCS permeate media contained dry matter levels of 28.8-164.9 g/*** CCS permeate medium containing 108.4 g/L solids produced approximately 6 g CDW/L,at a growth rate of 1.03 per hour,and maximum cell population of 4×109 CFU/*** CCS is low in nitrogen,ammonium hydroxide was added at a level of 1.73 g/L,and this significantly inc.eased the CDW(>20 g/L)produced in an aerated ***,a nitrogen supplemented CCS medium could provide a cheap source of nutrients for production of *** KT217 and PHA.

关键词： cell density cell dry weight(CDW) biodegradable plastic biocreator pH nitrogen supplement growth rate

A single-cell approach to engineer CD8+ T cells targeting cytomegalovirus

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第5期18卷 1326-1328页

作者： Fei Wang Qumiao Xu Zhenkun Zhuang Ziyi Li Qianqian Gao Yaling Huang Yonglun Luo Xiuqing Zhang Linnan Zhu Cheng-chi Chao BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518083China BGI-Shenzhen Shenzhen518083China Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University8000AarhusDenmark China National GeneBank BGI-ShenzhenShenzhen518120China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genomics Beishan Industrial ZoneShenzhen518083China School of Biology and biological engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China Northwest A&F University Yangling712100ShaanxiChina Guangdong Enterprise Key Laboratory of Human Disease Genomics Beishan Industrial ZoneShenzhen518083China AbVision IncMilpitasCAUSA

T lymphocytes are crucial for antiviral responses and provide a promising repertoire for potential therapies of viral diseases such as cytomegalovirus(CMV)infection1 and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.^(2) CMV-related diseases occur once the host immune system is impaired or lacks a protective repertoire of virus-specific T lymphocytes.3 Adoptive transfer of T-cell receptor(TCR)-engineered T cells(TCR-Ts)provides an encouraging alternative treatment option for patients with CMV reactivation.^(4) However,generating TCR-Ts requires the identification of epitope-specific and functional TCR *** single-cell sequencing techniques open up the ability to unravel TCR repertoires,^(5 )which offers a potential opportunity to screen functional TCR pairs for TCR-T ***,we report an efficient approach that combines ex vivo CD8+T-cell stimulation with single-cell RNA and TCR V(D)J sequencing to identify CMV-specific TCRs for generating TCR-Ts.

关键词： impaired protective stimulation

Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antigen levels in the blood of patients with COVID-19

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第7期64卷 1193-1196页

作者： Bin Su Jiming Yin Xingguang Lin Tiantian Zhang Xiao Yao Ying Xu Yao Lu Wenzhi Wang Kun Liu Jie Zhang Liangzhi Xie Ronghua Jin Yingmei Feng Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Hangzhou Gbio Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310000China Hangzhou Neoline Technology Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310000China Quanterix Corporation 900 Middlesex TurnpikeBillericaMA 01821USA Guizhou Academy of Testing and Analysis Guiyang 550014China Wildlife Forensic Science Service Kunming 650203China Beijing Key Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Research and Development Sino Biological Inc.Beijing 100176China Beijing engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody Sinocelltech Ltd.Beijing 100176China Cell Culture engineering Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Dear Editor,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has caused the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).By far,more than 35 million people had been infected by SARS-CoV-2,resulting in more than 1 million deaths *** is well recognized that SARSCoV-2 preferentially attacks pulmonary epithelial cells,leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).

关键词： acute respiratory distress

Is aggregated oviposition by the blow flies Lucilia sericata and Phormia regina （Diptera： Calliphoridae） really pheromone-mediated？

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Insect Science 2015年第5期22卷 651-660页

作者： Bekka S. Brodie Warren H. L. Wong Sherah VanLaerhoven Gerhard Gries Simon Fraser University Dept. of Biological Sciences Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada and University of Windsor Windsor ON N9B3P4 Canada

When female blow flies Lucilia sericata and Phormia regina （Diptera： Cal- liphoridae） oviposit in aggregations on carrion, even-aged larval offspring reportedly de- velop faster, and fewer are parasitized or preyed upon. The benefits of aggregated ovipo- sition equally affect con- and heterospecific larvae sharing a resource. The benefits imply that female blow flies engage in coordinated, pheromone-mediated oviposition behavior. Yet, repeated attempts to identify oviposition pheromones have failed invoking doubt that they exist. Simply by regurgitating and feeding on carrion, flies may produce attractive semiochemicals. If flies were to aggregate in response to feeding flies rather than oviposit- ing flies, then the semiochemical cue（s） may be associated with the salivary gland. Working with L. sericata and P.. regina and using liver as a surrogate oviposition medium, we test the hypotheses, and present data in their support, that （i） gravid or nongravid females ovipositing and/or feeding on liver enhance its attractiveness to gravid and nongravid fe- males; （ii） females respond to semiochemicals from feeding heterospecific females; （iii） females respond equally well to semiochemicals from feeding con- and heterospecific females; （iv） macerated head tissues of females applied to liver enhance its attractiveness; and （v） females in direct contact with and feeding on liver, but not when next to yet physically separated from liver, enhance attraction of flies. We conclude that oviposition site-seeking females do not respond to an oviposition pheromone. Instead, they appear to coopt semiochemicals associated with feeding flies as resource indicators, taking chances that resources are suitable for oviposition, and that ovipositing flies are present.

关键词： blow flies carrion egg-laying site pheromone saliva semiochemical

Strontium doped electrospinning fiber membrane with antibacterial and osteogenic properties prepared by pulse electrochemical method

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Engineered Regeneration 2022年第4期3卷 339-351页

作者： Yonggang Liu Bolin Zhang Feifei Liu Yani Qiu Wenbo Mu Liang Chen Chuang Ma Tingjun Ye Yingbo Wang College of Chemical engineering Xinjiang Normal University102 Xinyi RoadUrumqi 830054PR China Department of Orthopaedics Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint DiseasesShanghai Institute of Traumatology and OrthopaedicsRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine197 Ruijin 2nd RoadShanghai 200025PR China Department of Orthopedics Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University393 Xinyi RoadUrumqi 830054PR China Department of Pharmaceutical Research Shanghai Medicilon Inc.No.585 Chuanda RoadPudong New AreaShanghai 201299PR China Chemistry and Chemical engineering Changji UniversityChangji 831100PR China

The osteogenic differentiation and new bone formation are commonly delayed by bacterial infection of orthopedic implants,which is urgent to be resolved quickly in the *** current paper prepared a strontium-doped elec-trospinning fiber membrane with antibacterial and osteogenic properties by pulse electrochemical ***-lactic acid/hydroxyapatite(PLLA/HA)composite fiber substrate was fabricated by electrospinning technology,and strontium doped SrHA/Cu/Polypyrrole(PPy)composite coating was constructed with pulse electrodeposi-tion method on its *** strontium doping technique,degradation of Sr^(2+)and Cu^(2+),cellular compatibility,and the antibacterial activity of the fiber membrane were *** results revealed that the deposition of phosphorus and calcium on composite fiber was the highest,indicating good biological *** release of Sr^(2+)and Cu^(2+)was stable and gradual due to the modulation of *** composite fiber presented excellent antibacterial performance and the antibacterial rate was close to 100%against Staphylococcus aureus and Es-cherichia ***,it is conducive to the adhesion,spread,and proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and osteoblasts,namely outstanding osteogenesis and angiogenesis *** conclusion,the multifunctional PLLA/HA@SrHA/Cu/PPy composite fiber membrane with good antibacterial and osteogenic activity by electro-spinning technology and pulsed electrochemical deposition method provides an effective strategy for the poor bone healing of infected bone defects.

关键词： Electrospinning Pulse electrodeposition method Bone induction Antibacterial property

HMOD： An Omics Database for Herbal Medicine Plants

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Molecular Plant 2018年第5期11卷 757-759页

作者： Xiao Wang Jiajin Zhang Simei He Yuanni Gao Xiaoqin Ma Yun Gao Guanghui Zhang Ling Kui Wen Wang Ying wang Shengchao Yang Yang Dong State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 People's Republic of China Kunming College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650204 People's Republic of China School of Information engineering Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources in Yunnan The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biology of Yunnan ProvinceNational & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China Nowbio Biotech inc. Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China Provinc. Key Laboratory Biological Big Data College Yunnan Agricultural University Kunming 650201 People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis andGenetic Improvement South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510650 People's Republic of China

Dear Editor ,More than 50% of drugs are derived from chemical compounds that have been isolated from various plants （Fabricant and Farnsworth, 2001; Yarnell and Abascal, 2002）. With the development of sequencing technology and synthetic biology, we can obtain molecular information from the transcriptomic and genomic data of plants and then utilize bacteria to synthesize desired chemical compounds （Atanasov et al., 2015; Smanski et al., 2016）. inc.easing numbers of researchers have started to publish omics data generated from herbal plants.

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