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Isolation and oral immunogenicity assessment of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus NH-TA2020 strain:One of the predominant strains circulating in China from 2017 to 2021

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第5期37卷 646-655页

作者： Xiaowen Li Yang Li Jiapei Huang Yali Yao Wenying Zhao Yunjing Zhang Jie Qing Jing Ren Zhong Yan Zewei Wang Xiaofang Hu Duli Kang Hongqiang Liu Zhichun Yan New Hope Liuhe Co. Ltd.Chengdu610041China National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine Luoyang471000China Shandong New Hope Liuhe Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Co. Ltd.(NHLH Academy of Swine Research)Dezhou253034China Swine Health Data and Intelligent Monitoring Project Laboratory Dezhou UniversityDezhou253011China Pulike Biological Engineering Inc. Luoyang471000China

Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED)caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV)is one of the most devastating diseases in the global pig industry due to its high mortality rate in piglets.Maternal vaccines can effectively enhance the gut-mammary gland-secretory IgA axis to boost lactogenic immunity and passive protection of nursing piglets against PEDV challenge.From 2017 to 2021,we collected 882 diarrhea samples from 303 farms in China to investigate the epidemiology of PEDV.The result showed that about 52.15%(158/303)of the farms were positive for PEDV with an overall detection rate of 63.95%(564/882)of the samples.The S1 fragments of S gene from 104 strains were sequenced for the phylogenetic analysis.A total of 71 PEDV strains(68.27%)sequenced in this study were clustered into the predominant G2c subgroup,while the newly-defined G2d strains(9.62%)were identified in three provinc.s of China.The NH-TA2020 strain of G2c subgroup was isolated and cultured,and its infection to piglets caused watery diarrhea within 24 h,indicating its strong pathogenicity.Oral administration of NH-TA2020 strain to pregnant gilts stimulated high levels of IgA antibody in colostrum.The piglets fed by the gilts above were challenged with NH-TA2020 strain or CH-HeB-RY-2020 strain from G2d subgroup,and the clinical symptoms and virus shedding were significantly reduced compared to the mock group.Our findings suggest that G2c subgroup is the predominant branch circulating in China from 2017 to 2021.Oral administration of NH-TA2020 enhances maternal IgA and lactogenic immune responses,which confer protection against the homologous and emerging G2d PEDV strains challenges in neonates.

关键词： Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV) Molecular epidemiological investigation Virus isolation Lactogenic immune IgA

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engineering microscale systems for fully autonomous intracellular neural interfaces

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2020年第1期6卷 1276-1295页

作者： Swathy Sampath Kumar Michael S.Baker Murat Okandan Jit Muthuswamy Biomedical engineering School of Biological and Health Systems EngineeringArizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA Mechanical engineering Sandia National laboratoriesAlbuquerqueNMUSA mPower Technology Inc.AlbuquerqueNM 87102USA

Conventional electrodes and associated positioning systems for intracellular recording from single neurons in vitro and in vivo are large and bulky,which has largely limited their scalability.Further,acquiring successful intracellular recordings is very tedious,requiring a high degree of skill not readily achieved in a typical laboratory.We report here a robotic,MEMS-based intracellular recording system to overcome the above limitations associated with form factor,scalability,and highly skilled and tedious manual operations required for intracellular recordings.This system combines three distinc. technologies:(1)novel microscale,glass–polysilicon penetrating electrode for intracellular recording;(2)electrothermal microactuators for precise microscale movement of each electrode;and(3)closed-loop control algorithm for autonomous positioning of electrode inside single neurons.Here we demonstrate the novel,fully integrated system of glass–polysilicon microelectrode,microscale actuators,and controller for autonomous intracellular recordings from single neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica(n=5 cells).Consistent resting potentials(60 mV)were recorded after each successful penetration attempt with the controller and microactuated glass–polysilicon microelectrodes.The success rate of penetration and quality of intracellular recordings achieved using electrothermal microactuators were comparable to that of conventional positioning systems.Preliminary data from in vivo experiments in anesthetized rats show successful intracellular recordings.The MEMS-based system offers significant advantages:(1)reduction in overall size for potential use in behaving animals,(2)scalable approach to potentially realize multi-channel recordings,and(3)a viable method to fully automate measurement of intracellular recordings.This system will be evaluated in vivo in future rodent studies.

关键词： recording electrode system

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Comparative evaluation for catalytic gasification of petroleum coke and asphaltene in subcritical and supercritical water

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2019年第4期28卷 107-118页

作者： Rachita Rana Sonil Nanda Aimee Maclennan Yongfeng Hu Janusz A.Kozinski Ajay K.Dalai Department of Chemical and biological engineering University of Saskatchewan Department of Chemical and Biochemical engineering University of Western Ontario Soft X-Ray Micro-Characterization Beamline Canadian Light Source Inc. New Model in Technology & engineering

Subcritical and supercritical water gasification of petroleum coke and asphaltene was performed at variable temperatures(350–650°C),feed concentrations(15–30 wt%)and reaction times(15–60 min).Nickel-impregnated activated carbon(Ni/AC)was synthesized as a catalyst for enhancing syngas yields at optimal gasification conditions(650°C,15 wt%and 60 min).Structural chemistry of precursors and chars developed at different gasification temperatures was studied using physicochemical and synchrotronbased approaches such as carbon–hydrogen–nitrogen–sulfur(CHNS)analysis,thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis(TGA/DTA),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD)and X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS).Asphaltene testified to be a better precursor for catalytic hydrothermal gasification leading to 11.97 mmol/g of total gas yield compared to petroleum coke(8.04 mmol/g).In particular,supercritical water gasification using 5 wt%Ni/AC at 650°C with 15 wt%feed concentration for 60 min resulted in 4.17 and 2.98 mmol/g of H_2from asphaltene and petroleum coke,respectively.Under the same conditions,the respective CH_4yields from catalytic gasification of asphaltene and petroleum coke were 2.54and 1.07 mmol/g.Nonetheless,asphaltene also seemed to an attractive feedstock for the production of highly aromatic chars through hydrothermal gasification.

关键词： Asphaltene Petroleum coke Subcritical water Supercritical water Gasification Char

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A supplementary assessment system of AQI-V for comprehensive management and control of air quality in chemical industrial parks

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 114-125页

作者： Qiaoli Wang Dongping Sheng Chengzhi Wu Deji Jing Nana Cheng Xingnong Cai Sujing Li Jingkai Zhao Wei Li Jianmeng Chen College of Environment Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310032China Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical engineering of the Ministry of Education Institute of Industrial Ecology and EnvironmentCollege of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang University(Yuquan Campus)Hangzhou 310027China Trinity Consultants Inc.(China office)Hangzhou 310012China Zhejiang Ocean University ZhoushanZhejiang Province 316022China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are the dominant pollutants in industrial parks.However,they are not generally considered as part of the air quality index(AQI)system,which leads to a biased assessment of pollution in industrial parks.In this study,a supplementary assessment system of AQI-V was established by analyzing VOCs characteristics with vehicle-mounted PTR-TOFMS instrument,correlation analysis and the standards analysis.Three hourly and daily scenarios were considered,and the hierarchical parameter setting was further optimized by field application.The hourly and daily assessments revealed the evaluation factors for the discriminability of different air quality levels,practiced value for regional air quality improvement,and the reservation of general dominant pollutants.Finally,the universality testing in ZPIP successfully recognized most of the peaks,with 54.76%,38.39%and 6.85%for O_(3),VOCs and NO_(2) as the dominant pollutant,and reflected the daily ambient air quality condition,togetherwith the dominant pollutant.The AQI-V systemwith VOCs sub-index is essential for air quality evaluation in industrial parks,which can further provide scientific support to control the pollution of VOCs and the secondary pollutant,therefore significantly improve the air quality in local industrial parks.

关键词： Air quality index Industrial parks,VOCs sub-index AQI-V system Scenario analysis

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Room temperature oxidation of acetone by ozone over alumina-supported manganese and cobalt mixed oxides

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2020年第6期14卷 937-947页

作者： Mehraneh Ghavami Mostafa Aghbolaghy Jafar Soltan Ning Chen Department of Chemical and biological engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5 A9Canada Canadian Light Source inc. University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 0X4Canada

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are among the major sources of air pollution.Catalytic ozonation is an efficient process for removing VOCs at lower reaction temperature compared to catalytic oxidation.In this study,a series of alumina supported single and mixed manganese and cobalt oxides catalysts were used for ozonation of acetone at room temperature.The influence of augmenting the single Mn and Co catalysts were investigated on the performance and structure of the catalyst.The manganese and cobalt single and mixed oxides catalysts of the formula Mnl0%-CoX and Co10%-MnX(where X=0,2.5%,5%,or 10%)were prepared.It was found that addition of Mn and Co at lower loading levels(2.5%or 5%)to single metal oxide catalysts enhanced the catalytic activity.The mixed oxides catalysts of(Mnl0%-Co2.5%)and(Mn10%-Co5%)led to acetone conversion of about 84%.It is concluded that lower oxidation state of the secondary metal improves ozone decomposition and oxidation of acetone.

关键词： ozone VOC manganese oxides cobalt oxides alumina support

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Dual-responsive supramolecular photodynamic nanomedicine with activatable immunomodulation for enhanced antitumor therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第2期14卷 765-780页

作者： Siqin He Lulu Wang Dongxu Wu Fan Tong Huan Zhao Hanmei Li Tao Gong Huile Gao Yang Zhou Key Laboratory of Tropical biological Resources of Ministry of Education School of Pharmaceutical SciencesHainan UniversityHaikou 570200China Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System West China School of PharmacySichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Revvity inc. WalthamMA 02451USA School of Food and biological engineering Chengdu UniversityChengdu 610106China

A major challenge facing photodynamic therapy(PDT) is that the activity of the immuneinduced infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells is subject to the regulatory T lymphocytes(Tregs), leaving the tumor at risk of recurrence and metastasis after the initial ablation. To augment the antitumor response and reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME), a supramolecular photodynamic nanoparticle(DACss) is constructed by the host-guest interaction between demethylcantharidin-conjugated β-cyclodextrin(DMC-CD) and amantadine-terminated disulfide-conjugated FFVLGGGC peptide with chlorin e6 decoration(Ad-ss-pep-Ce6) to achieve intelligent delivery of photosensitizer and immunomodulator for breast cancer treatment. The acid-labile β-carboxamide bond of DMC-CD is hydrolyzed in response to the acidic TME, resulting in the localized release of DMC and subsequent inhibition of Tregs.The guest molecule Ad-ss-pep-Ce6 can be cleaved by a high level of intracellular GSH, reducing photosensitizer toxicity and inc.easing photosensitizer retention in the tumor. With a significant inc.ease in the CTL/Treg ratio, the combination of Ce6-based PDT and DMC-mediated immunomodulation adequately achieved spatiotemporal regulation and remodeling of the TME, as well as improved primary tumor and in situ lung metastasis suppression with the aid of PD-1 antibody.

关键词： Photodynamic therapy Immunosuppressive microenvironment Immunomodulator Dual-responsive Supramolecularassembly Checkpointblockade

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Methodologies for preparation of prokaryotic extracts for cell-free expression systems

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2020年第4期5卷 252-267页

作者： Stephanie D.Cole Aleksandr E.Miklos Abel C.Chiao Zachary Z.Sun Matthew W.Lux US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical biological Center 8567 Ricketts Point RoadAberdeen Proving GroundMD21010USA Division of Biology and biological engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Synvitrobio inc. San FranciscoCAUSA 8567 Ricketts Point Road Bldg E3549 Room B140APGMD21010USA

Cell-free systems that mimic essential cell functions,such as gene expression,have dramatically expanded in recent years,both in terms of applications and widespread adoption.Here we provide a review of cell-extract methods,with a specific focus on prokaryotic systems.Firstly,we describe the diversity of Escherichia coli genetic strains available and their corresponding utility.We then trace the history of cell-extract methodology over the past 20 years,showing key improvements that lower the entry level for new researchers.Next,we survey the rise of new prokaryotic cell-free systems,with associated methods,and the opportunities provided.Finally,we use this historical perspective to comment on the role of methodology improvements and highlight where further improvements may be possible.

关键词： Cell-free systems Cell-free expression Cell-free extract Synthetic biology Methods

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Mutation N856K in spike reduces fusogenicity and infectivity of Omicron BA.1

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第3期8卷 908-911页

作者： Chunyun Sun Huiyu Wang Ji Yang Desheng Kong Yuning Chen Haiyue Wang Lingling Sun Jianbo Lu Min Teng Liangzhi Xie Beijing engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody Sinocelltech Ltd.Beijing 100176China Beijing Key Laboratory of Monoclonal Antibody Research and Development Sino Biological Inc.Beijing 100176China Cell Culture engineering Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China

Dear Editor,COVID-19 lung pathology is characterized by interstitial pneumonia with cell-cell fusion-induced syncytia and extensive tissue damage.1 The correlation between viral fusogenicity and pathogenicity has been reported in SARS-CoV-2 variants.2 Compared with the previous Delta or D614G variants,Omicron BA.1 has been proven to be less fusogenic and pathogenic.

关键词： lung pathology damage

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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal using thermal alkaline hydrolyzed municipal wastewater biosolids

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第12期31卷 164-174页

作者： Masuduz Zaman Mingu Kim George Nakhla Ajay Singh Fenghua Yang Department of Chemical and Biochemical engineering Western UniversityLondonONCanada Department of Civil and Environmental engineering Western UniversityLondonONCanada Lystek International inc. CambridgeONCanada Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago ChicagoUSA

This study reports the feasibility of using municipal wastewater biosolids as an alternative carbon source for biological phosphorus removal.The biosolids were treated by a lowtemperature,thermal alkaline hydrolysis process patented by Lystek International inc.(Cambridge,ON,Canada)to produce short-chain volatile fatty acids and other readily biodegradable organics.Two sequencing batch reactors(SBRs)were operated with synthetic volatile fatty acids(Syn VFA)and readily biodegradable organics produced from the alkaline hydrolysis of municipal wastewater biosolids(Lystek)as the carbon source,respectively.Municipal wastewaters with different strengths and COD:N:P ratios were tested in the study.The reactors’performances were compared with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus removal.It was observed that phosphorus removal efficiencies were between 98%–99%and 90%–97%and nitrogen removal efficiencies were 78%–81%,and 67%for the Syn VFA and Lystek,respectively.However,the kinetics for phosphorus release and uptake during the anaerobic and aerobic stages with Lystek were observed to be significantly lower than Syn VFA due to the presence of higher order VFAs(C4 and above)and other fermentable organics in the Lystek.

关键词： Alternative carbon source biological nutrient removal Organic resource recovery Biosolids application Phosphorus accumulating organisms

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Testing the polar auxin transport model with a selective plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPase inhibitor

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第6期64卷 1229-1245页

作者： Yongqing Yang Xiaohui Liu Wei Guo Wei Liu Wei Shao Jun Zhao Junhong Li Qing Dong Liang Ma Qun He Yingzhang Li Jianyong Han Xiaoguang Lei State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry College of Biological SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of EducationDepartment of Chemical BiologyCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringSynthetic and Functional Biomolecules Centerand Peking‐Tsinghua Center for Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Dermatology Peking University First HospitalBeijing 100034China Iomics Biosciences inc. Beijing 100102China College of biological Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Auxin is unique among plant hormones in that its function requires polarized transport across plant cells.A chemiosmotic model was proposed to explain how polar auxin transport is derived by the H^(+)gradient across the plasma membrane(PM)established by PM H^(+)-adenosine triphosphatases(ATPases).However,a classical genetic approach by mutations in PM H^(+)-ATPase members did not result in the ablation of polar auxin distribution,possibly due to functional redundancy in this gene family.To confirm the crucial role of PM H^(+)-ATPases in the polar auxin transport model,we employed a chemical genetic approach.Through a chemical screen,we identified protonstatin-1(PS-1),a selective small-molecule inhibitor of PM H^(+)-ATPase activity that inhibits auxin transport.Assays with transgenic plants and yeast strains showed that the activity of PM H^(+)-ATPases affects auxin uptake as well as acropetal and basipetal polar auxin transport.We propose that PS-1 can be used as a tool to interrogate the function of PM H^(+)-ATPases.Our results support the chemiosmotic model in which PM H^(+)-ATPase itself plays a fundamental role in polar auxin transport.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin transport inhibitor plasma membrane H^(+)-ATPase

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