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Assessment of National epidemiology and Preparedness Capacity in the United States public health System.

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Assessment of National Epidemiology and Preparedness Capacit...

Strengthening District health Teams Capacity in Surveillance Systems and Response to public health Threats in Western Uganda through Field epidemiology Training Program (FETP)

北京论坛（2006）文明的和谐与共同繁荣—对人类文明方式的思考

作者： Matthew L.Boulton Associate Professor of epidemiology Associate Dean for Practice Director Public Health / Preventive Medicine Residency DirectorOffice of Public Health Practice School of Public Health University of MichiganUSA

The Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science has previously recommended that all public health departments regularly and systematically conduct public health surveillance consisting of the collection,analysis,and dissemination of health-related information and carry out epidemiologic and other studies of health *** threat of terrorism stimulated calls

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Open Journal of epidemiology 2020年第2期10卷 132-145页

作者： Mathias Tumwebaze Asiimwe Solomon Anna Tukahirwa Saulo Kamukama Department of public health Bishop Stuart University Mbarara Uganda Kabarole District Local Government District Health Office Fort Portal Town Western Uganda Makerere University College of health Sciences Kampala Uganda

Aim: To strengthen the District Capacity in surveillance for effective detection, Reporting and Response to public health threats. Background: The overall aim of a good surveillance system is to strengthen the capacity of a health system through training of health personnel who can conduct effective surveillance activities. A good surveillance system is achieved through improved use of complete and timely health information to detect changes in time to institute a rapid response to the suspected outbreak of public health events. This assessment followed a 3-month Field epidemiology Training program undertaken by the investigator who applied the acquired knowledge and skills in completion of the assessment. Study Design: It was a descriptive cross-sectional, institutional based epidemiological investigation conducted at district level and health Centre 1V in Kabarole from 15th December 2019-March 2020. eReports were retrieved from DHIS-2 for epidemiological weeks 44 in 2019 to week 3 in 2020. Data analysis: Micro soft word excel program was used to determine the reporting rates, epidemic disease trends and construction of malaria channel. SWOT analysis was done to identify poor HMIS reporting as the lead surveillance quality challenge and route cause analysis done to determine underlying causes. Results: Weekly reports analyzed were from a total of 53 health facilities and one health Centre four for malaria channel construction. Of the 53 functional health facilities assessed in the district, the average reporting Timeliness was 32% and Completeness at 63% from week 44 in 2019 to week 3 in 2020. This finding shows that the district was not achieving the 80% Timeliness and 80% Completeness national target. The poor reporting situation implies that the district may not detect an emerging public health Event and respond in time. Poor reporting rate was linked to knowledge gap among reporting staff in completion of the newly revised HMIS tools and lack of support supervi

关键词： HMIS Timeliness and Completeness Surveillance Systems Field epidemiology Malaria Chanel

Assessing healthcare workers’knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis,management and prevention of Monkeypox

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 38-47页

作者： Epipode Ntawuyamara Thierry Ingabire Innocent Yandemye Polycarpe Ndayikeza Bina Bhandari Yan-Hua Liang Department of Dermatology Cosmetology and VenereologyShenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityShenzhen 518101Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Dermatology and Venereology Kamenge Teaching HospitalUniversity of BurundiBujumbura 1020Burundi Department of Infectious Diseases Kamenge Teaching HospitalUniversity of BurundiBujumbura 1020Burundi General Directorate of healthcare Supply Modern and Traditional MedicineNutrition and RegistrationMinistry of Public Health and Fight Against HIV/AIDSBujumbura 1055Burundi Department of epidemiology National Institute of Public HealthBujumbura 350Burundi General Directorate of Planification Ministry of Public Health and Fight Against HIV/AIDSBujumbura 1055Burundi

BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central *** To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of *** We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July *** questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and *** data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P valueepidemiology and preparedness for Burundi *** encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its asso

关键词： Monkeypox public health emergency of international concern healthcare workers Epidemic Preparedness Knowledge Confidence

Polychlorinated biphenyls and omega-3 fatty acid exposure from fish consumption,and thyroid cancer among New York anglers

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第3期28卷 270-277页

作者： Alyson Haslam Sara Wagner Robb Matthew R.Bonner William Lindblad Joey Allegra Ye Shen John E.Vena Department of epidemiology and Biostatistics College of Public HealthUniversity of Georgia Department of epidemiology and Environmental health School of Public Health and Health ProfessionsUniversity of Buffalo Department of public health Sciences School of MedicineMedical University of South Carolina

Fish from the Great Lakes contain polychlorinated biphenyls（PCBs）which have been shown to disrupt endocrine function and mimic thyroid hormones,but they also contain beneficial omega-3 fatty acids that may offer protection against endocrine *** purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Lake Ontario fish consumption and the estimated consumption of PCBs and omega-3 fatty acids on the risk of thyroid cancer in a group of sport *** from the New York State Angler Cohort Study were followed for cancer incidence from 1991–***-seven cases of incident thyroid cancer and 108 controls were included in the *** estimated fish consumption,estimated omega-3 fatty acid consumption,and estimated PCB consumption from Lake Ontario fish were examined for an association with the incidence of thyroid cancer,while matching on sex,and controlling for age and smoking *** from logistic regression indicate no significant associations between fish consumption,short-term estimated omega-3 fatty acids,or estimated PCB consumption from Great Lakes fish and the development of thyroid cancer,but it was suggested that long-term omega-3 fatty acid from Great Lakes fish may be protective of the development of thyroid *** conclusion,fish consumption,with the possible concomitant PCBs,from the Great Lakes does not appear to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in New York *** research is needed in order to separate the individual health effects of PCBs from omega-3 fatty acids contained within the fish.

关键词： Polychlorinated biphenyls Omega-3 fatty acids Thyroid cancer Lake Ontario Fish consumption

Epidemiologic methods for investigating male fecundity

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 17-22页

作者： Jrn Olsen Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of public health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Fertility is a couple concept that has been measured since the beginning of demography, and male fecundity （his biological capacity to reproduce） is a component of the fertility rate. Unfortunately, we have no way of measuring the male component directly, although several indirect markers can be used. Population registers can be used to monitor the proportion of childless couples, couples who receive donor semen, trends in dizygotic twinning, and infertility diagnoses. Studies using time-to-pregnancy （TTP） may identify couple subfecundity, and TTP data will correlate with sperm quality and quantity as well as sexual activity and a number of other conditions. Having exposure data available for couples with a fecund female partner would make TTP studies of interest in identifying exposures that may affect male fecundity. Biological indicators such as sperm quality and quantity isolate the male component of fertility, and semen data therefore remain an important source of information for research. Unfortunately, often over half of those invited to provide a sperm sample will refuse, and the study is then subject to a selection that may introduce bias. Because the most important time windows for exposures that impair semen production could be early fetal life, puberty, and the time of ejaculation; longitudinal data over decades of time are required. The ongoing monitoring of semen quality and quantity should continue, and surveys monitoring fertility and waiting TTP should also be designed.

关键词： data collection epidemiology epidemiological monitoring fertility sperm count time-to-pregnancy (TTP)

Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children： a review of epidemiological studies

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 39-49页

作者： Linn Berger Hfikonsen Andreas Ernst Cecilia Host Ramlau-Hansen Department of public health Section for Epidemiology Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory of reproductive health. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological literature on the association between prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and several aspects of reproductive health. The literature points towards an increased risk of the urogenital malformation cryptorchidism, but a potential protective effect on the risk of hypospadias in sons following prenatal cigarette smoking exposure. Studies on sexual maturation find a tendency towards accelerated pubertal development in exposed boys and girls. In adult life, prenatally exposed men have impaired semen quality compared with unexposed individuals, but an influence on fecundability, that is, the biological ability to reproduce, is less evident. We found no evidence to support an association between prenatal cigarette smoking exposure and testicular cancer. Among adult daughters, research is sparse and inconsistent, but exposure to cigarette smoking in utero may decrease fecundability. In conclusion, prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking may cause some long-term adverse effects on the reproductive health.

关键词： fertility prenatal exposure puberty testicular neoplasms time-to-pregnancy

Performance of common imaging techniques vs serum biomarkers in assessing fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第15期7卷 2022-2037页

作者： Xue-Ying Xu Wu-Sheng Wang Qi-Meng Zhang Jun-Ling Li Jin-Bin Sun Tian-Tian Qin Hong-Bo Liu Department of epidemiology and health Statistics School of Public Health China Medical University

BACKGROUND Noninvasive biomarkers have been developed to predict hepatitis B virus(HBV)related fibrosis owing to the significant limitations of liver *** serum biomarkers and imaging techniques have shown promising results and may improve the evaluation of liver ***,most of the previous studies focused on the diagnostic effects of various imaging techniques on fibrosis in all chronic liver *** To compare the performance of common imaging methods and serum biomarkers for prediction of significant fibrosis caused only by HBV *** A systematic review was conducted on the records available in PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Library electronic databases until December *** systematically assessed the effectiveness of two serum biomarkers and three imagine techniques in predicting significant fibrosis solely caused by HBV *** serum biomarkers included aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index(APRI)and fibrosis index based on the 4 factors(FIB-4).The three imaging techniques included acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI),FibroScan,and magnetic resonance elastography(MRE).Three parameters,the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUSROC),the summary diagnostic odds ratio,and the summary sensitivity and specificity,were used to examine the accuracy of all tests for liver *** Out of 2831 articles evaluated for eligibility,204 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for this current ***,our final data contained 81 *** AUSROCs of serum biomarkers of APRI and FIB-4 were both *** imaging techniques(ARFI,FibroScan,and MRE),the areas were 0.89,0.83,and 0.97,*** heterogeneities of ARFI and FibroScan were statistically significant(I2>50%).The publication bias was not observed in any of the serum biomarkers or imaging *** These five methods have attained an acceptable level of diagnostic *** techniques,

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Diagnostic test Imaging technology Liver fibrosis Metaanalysis

Social network analysis and modeling of cellphone-based syndromic surveillance data for ebola in Sierra Leone

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第9期9卷 829-833页

作者： Jia B Kangbai Department of epidemiology College of Public Health University of Kentucky

Objective:To explore and visualize the connectivity of suspected Ebola cases and surveillance callers who used cellphone technology in Moyamba District in Sierra Leone for Ebola surveillance,and to examine the demographic differences and characteristics of Ebola surveillance callers who make more calls as well as those callers who are more likely to make at least one positive Ebola ***:Surveillance data for 393 suspected Ebola cases(192 males,201 females) were collected from October 23,2014 to June 28,2015 using cellphone *** and Net Draw software were used to explore and visualize the social connectivity between callers and suspected Ebola *** and logistic regression analyses were used to do multivariable ***:The entire social network was comprised of 393 ties and 745 ***(AOR=0.33,95% CI [0.14,0.81]) were associated with decreased odds of making at least one positive Ebola surveillance call compared to ***(IR= 0.63,95% CI [0.49,0.82]) were also associated with making fewer Ebola surveillance calls compared to ***:Social network visualization can analyze syndromic surveillance data for Ebola collected by cellphone technology with unique insights.

关键词： Ebola Syndromic Surveillance Social network Analysis Cellphone Outdegree Centrality

Estimating Changes in Contact Patterns in China Over the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic:Implications for SARS-CoV-2 Spread—Four Cities,China,2020

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China CDC weekly 2023年第5期5卷 113-119,I0012-I0017页

作者： Yuxia Liang Cheng Peng Qian You Maria Litvinova Marco Ajelli Juanjuan Zhang Hongjie Yu School of public health Fudan UniversityKey Laboratory of Public Health SafetyMinistry of EducationShanghai MunicipalityChina Laboratory for Computational epidemiology and public health Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsIndiana University School of Public HealthBloomingtonINUSA Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity Fudan UniversityShanghai MunicipalityChina

Introduction:Previous studies have demonstrated significant changes in social contacts during the firstwave coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Chinese *** purpose of this study was to quantify the time-varying contact patterns by age in Chinese mainland in 2020 and evaluate their impact on the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).Methods:Diary-based contact surveys were performed for four periods:baseline(prior to 2020),outbreak(February 2020),post-lockdown(March–May 2020),and post-epidemic(September–November 2020).We built a Susceptible-Infected-Recovered(SIR)model to evaluate the effect of reducing contacts on ***:During the post-epidemic period,daily contacts resumed to 26.7%,14.8%,46.8%,and 44.2%of the pre-COVID levels in Wuhan,Shanghai,Shenzhen,and Changsha,*** suggests a moderate risk of resurgence in Changsha,Shenzhen,and Wuhan,and a low risk in *** closure alone was not enough to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5,but with the addition of a 75%reduction of contacts at the workplace,it could lead to a 16.8%reduction of the attack *** control an outbreak,concerted strategies that target schools,workplaces,and community contacts are ***:Monitoring contact patterns by age is key to quantifying the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks and evaluating the impact of intervention strategies.

关键词： mainland resume contacts