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Application of microalgal-ZnO-NPs for reusing polyester/cotton blended fabric wastes after modification by cellulases enzymes

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 471-482页

作者： Osama M.Darwesh Naser G.Al-Balakocy Ahmed Ghanem Ibrahim A.Matter Agricultural Microbiology department National Research Centre33 EL-Buhouth St.DokkiCairo12622Egypt protenic and manmade fibers department National Research CentreDokkiCairo12622Egypt Packaging Materials department National Research CentreCairo12622Egypt

Polyester/cotton(PET/C)blended fabric wastes are produced daily in huge amounts,which constitutes an economic loss and an environmental threat if it is not reused *** textile waste recycling technologies put much effort into developing fabric materials with unique properties,such as bioactivity or new optical goods based on modern technologies,especially *** this study,zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)were biosynthesized using the aqueous extract of Dunaliella *** immobilized on PET/C waste fabrics after enzymatically activated with *** produced Dunaliella-ZnO-NPs(10–20 nm with a spherical shape)were characterized by High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-Ray diffraction analysis(XRD),and Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analyzer(SEM-EDAX),and some functional groups,such as CH,CO,NH,and CN(due to the presence of carboxyl,proteins and hydroxyl groups),were detected,revealing the biosynthesis of *** analysis showed that the resulting ZnO-NPS had potent antimicrobial effects,Ultraviolet(UV)protection capabilities,and no cytotoxic effects on the normal human fibroblast cell line(BJ1).On the other hand,enzymatic treatments of PET/C fabric waste with cellulases enhanced the immobilization of biosynthetic nanoparticles on their *** PET/C fabrics loaded with Dunaliella-ZnO-NPs showed antibacterial and UV protection capabilities making them an eco-friendly and cost-effective candidate for numerous *** applications can include the manufacture of active packaging devices,wastewater treatment units,and many other environmental applications.

关键词： Wastewater remediation Polyester/cotton wastes Cytotoxicity Microalgal-ZnO-NPs Dunaliella sp. Microbial nanotechnology

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Effects of humidity on shear behavior of bamboo

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2015年第6期5卷 236-243页

作者： Sina Askarinejad Peter Kotowski Faezeh Shalchy Nima Rahbar department of Mechanical Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Massachusetts department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Bamboo is a naturally occurring biological composite, however its microstructure and hence its properties are very complex compared to the manmade composites. Due to optimization, it can be assumed that the variation in properties along the thickness of the culm be a smooth transition for better bonding strength between layers and to prevent non uniformity in stress concentration. As a consequence, biological structures are complicated and functionally graded. Hence, a realistic model that can capture the mechanical performance of bamboo is valuable in future design of robust multifunctional composites. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical studies on the torsional （shear） properties of bamboo. The hierarchical and multi-scale structure of bamboo and the distribution of micro-scale fibers are revealed via laser scanning and atomic force microscopy. This information was incorporated into a finite element model to analyze the mechanical behavior of bamboo under torsion and to estimate the shear modulus of bamboo along the fibers. Moreover, the effects of humidity and therefore water content on the mechanical properties of bamboo were evaluated by performing torsion tests on samples maintained in environments with different humidities. Increasing the humidity does not cause a drop in the shear modulus, however, a jump in the shear modulus did occur at around 60% humidity. Results of this study indicate that the highest strength values in samples occurred in environments with humidity levels between 60% and 80% and undergo a significant drop after that. In higher humidities, the samples behave more ductile.

关键词： Bamboo Torsion test Humidity Finite element analysis

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Preparation and Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Flax/Glass Fabric Reinforced Polymer Hybrid Composites

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Journal of Flow Control, Measurement & Visualization 2023年第3期11卷 165-182页

作者： Sayed Hasan Mahmud Md. Washim Akram Md. Fuad Ahmed Md. Atik Bin Habib department of Textile Engineering National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research Dhaka Bangladesh department of Fashion Design & Apparel Engineering National Institute of Textile Engineering & Research Dhaka Bangladesh department of Textile Fashion and Design R. P. Shaha University Narayangaj Bangladesh

Synthetic reinforced composites affect the environment adversely and have become a global concern, causing increased natural composite demand for sustainability and cost effectiveness. Glass is a popular material that is highly consumed in reinforced composites for its superior mechanical strength. As opposed to that, flax obtained from flax stalks can be used as an alternative reinforcing material with synthetic fibers to minimize manmade fiber consumption. Hence, this research work addresses a few flax/glass-reinforced hybrid composites by using a thermoset polyester matrix. Here, six categories of samples are made, like neat flax, neat glass, and flax/glass fabric reinforced hybrid composite, followed by different stacking layer sequences and hand layout techniques during processing. Afterwards, the mechanical behavior, thermal stability, morphological behavior, and water absorption of hybrid samples were investigated. Among the developed samples, neat glass (NG) composite exhibits superior mechanical properties, while neat flax (NF) shows the lowest result. It is apparent that the mechanical properties and thermal stability of hybrid samples are in between NF and NG because, by adding glass with flax fabric, the strength of hybrid samples is increased. Moreover, it is noticeable that, due to multiple stacking layers of flax and glass, hybrid 3 and hybrid 4 show better strength than consecutive single stacking layers in hybrid 1 and hybrid 2. Among all hybrid composites, the H4 shows comparatively better mechanical and thermal properties due to having the glass layers on the outermost surface. In summary, this research work demonstrated the feasibility of flax fabric with glass fabric as a reinforced hybrid composite that can be used in automobile inner bodies, household furnishing, and home interior decoration.

关键词： Flax-Glass Fabric Reinforced Composites Mechanical Properties SEM TGA Polyester Resin

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Characterization of manmade and Recycled Cellulosic fibers for Their Application in Building Materials

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第11期7卷 1121-1145页

作者： Nadezda Stevulova Viola Hospodarova Adriana Estokova Eva Singovszka Marian Holub Stefan Demcak Jaroslav Briancin Anton Geffert Frantisek Kacik Vojtech Vaclavik Tomas Dvorsky Technical University of Kosice Faculty of Civil EngineeringInstitute of Environmental EngineeringVysokoskolska 404200 KosiceSlovakia Institute of Geotechnics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences Watsonova 4504353 KosiceSlovakia Technical University in Zvolen Faculty of Wood Sciences and TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical TechnologiesT.G.Masaryka 2117/2496053 ZvolenSlovakia VSB-Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Mining and GeologyDepartment of Environmental Engineering17.listopadu 15/217270833 Ostrava-PorubaCzech Republic

The aim of this study was to characterize two types of cellulosic fibers obtained from bleached wood pulp and unbleached recycled waste paper with different cellulose content(from 47.4 percent up to 82 percent),to compare and to analyze the potential use of the recycled fibers for building application,such as plastering *** in the chemical composition,cellulose crystallinity and degree of polymerization of the fibers were *** recycled fibers of lower quality showed heterogeneity in the fiber sizes(width and length),and they had greater surface roughness in comparison to high purity wood pulp *** high purity fibers(cellulose content>80.0 percent)had greater crystallinity and more homogeneous and smooth surfaces than the recycled *** presence of calcite and kaolinite in all of the recycled cellulosic fibers samples was confirmed,whereas only one wood pulp sample contained *** influence of the chemical composition was reflected in the fiber density *** in the chemical composition and cellulose structure of the fibers affected the specific surface area,porosity and thermo physical properties of the *** favorable values of thermal conductivity were reached for the recycled fibers than for the wood pulp *** the suitability of the recycled fibers with inorganic impurities originating from the paper-making processes for their use as fillers in plastering mortars(0.5 wt.%fiber content of the total weight of the filler and binder)confirmed their application by achieving a compressive strength value of 28 day-cured fiber-cement mortar required by the standard as well as by measured more favorable value of capillary water absorption coefficient.

关键词： Wood pulp waste paper fiber properties characterization compressive strength of mortars

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