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Effects of vegetation strata and human disturbance on bird diversity in green areas in a city in southern Chile

Avian Research 2018年第4期9卷 329-343页

作者： Andrés Munoz-Pedreros Marilyn González-Urrutia Francisco Encina-Montoya Heraldo V.Norambuena Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales NEA Departamento de Ciencias AmbientalesFacultad de Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Católica de TemucoCasilla 15.DTemucoChile programa de biodiversidad y manejo de vida silvestre Centro de Estudios Agrarios y AmbientalesCasilla 164ValdiviaChile

Background: Urbanisation is a dominant geographical trend and an important component of global change, with unprecedented implications for socio?economic, cultural and environmental characteristics. However, green areas, including original fragments, can help to conserve native diversity, improving the functioning of these artificial systems in the long term. Urban areas can still provide habitats usable by wild birds, however the structural charac?teristics of the habitat formed by different types of green area differ, and therefore dissimilar bird diversities are to be expected. The object of this study was to characterise the α and β diversities of birds in different green areas and to analyse how diversity relates to ten variables that characterise the ***: We studied the green areas in the city of Temuco, southern Chile(Park, Square and Median strips of main streets), evaluating the variables:(a) surface area,(b) vegetation,(c) estimated human impact as the proportions of vegetation and bare soil by area, and the vehicle traffic. The bird assemblage structures were characterised by α(intra?environment) diversity and β diversity(between environments) and the statistical analysis identified the environmen?tal variables related with the presence and abundance of birds. A statistical model was constructed to describe the contribution of the variables to bird ***: We found significant differences between the diversity of bird species in the three types of green area. The β showed medium to high similarity between the different study units. There was a negative correlation with bare soil areas; the correlations with vehicle flow, plant structure and tree and shrub cover were not significant, meaning that these variables did not explain the variation in the richness of bird species between the green areas. However the surface area did explain this variation presenting a positive potential relation. There was also a high correlation with the o

关键词： Urban birds Urban green area Vegetation structure Bird composition Chile

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In the lack of extreme pioneers:trait relationships and ecological strategies of 66 subtropical tree species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 359-367页

作者： Cristiane Forgiarini Alexandre F.Souza Solon J.Longhi Juliano M.Oliveira programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Diversidade e Manejo da Vida SilvestreUniversidade do Vale do Rio dos SinosAv.UNISINOS 950C.P.275São Leopoldo 93022-000RSBrazil departamento de Ecologia CBUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do NorteCampus UniversitárioLagoa NovaNatal 59072-970RNBrazil PPG-Engenharia Florestal Dep.de Ciências FlorestaisUniversidade Federal de Santa MariaAv.Roraimas/nBairro CamobiSanta Maria 97105-900RSBrazil Present address:departamento de Botânica Instituto BiociênciasUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulAv.Bento Gonçalves9500Prédio 43433Campus AgronomiaPorto Alegre 91501-970RSBrazil.

Aims despite the growing interest in the topic of functional ecology,there are still forest regions that have not been examined,as most work has been done in the *** issues include the strength of a growth-mortality trade-off in trees(originally identified for seedlings)and the nature of the association between plant traits and vital rates,if *** objectives were to examine whether(i)ecological strategies in south american mixed forests are organ-ized along the fast competitor×slow stress-tolerator and height gradients as the main strategy axes depicted in the overall trait and vital rate correlation structure,and(ii)a tentative path model we proposed can explain the patterns of covariation among traits and vital *** We studied a different habitat(subtropical mixed conifer-hardwood forests)and region(brazilian atlantic Forest)from the majority of related studies in forests,carried out in the Neotropical *** on total height,stem slenderness,crown depth,wood density,specific leaf area,leaf and seed length,seed dispersal mode,annual mortality,diameter relative growth rate and relative growth rate under favorable conditions were measured in southern brazil for 66 tree *** were subjected to principal components analysis and path *** data on saplings and treelets were analyzed through *** Findingsstudied traits were reduced to four principal *** components analysis produced axes that fit the resource acquisition versus resource-conservation and the height-mortality trade-offs,although the former was split into two distinct *** size and seed dispersal mode appeared independently of these axes.a path model showed that leaf length and specific leaf area caused direct changes in trunk slenderness and,indirectly through growth,affected *** trade-offs between growth and survivorship and between wood density and stem slenderness trade-offs were not *** may

关键词： Araucaria angustifolia atlantic forest ecological strategies life-history trade-offs mixed forests

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What physical habitat factors determine the distribution of gastropods in neotropical headwater streams?

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第4期1卷 61-67页

作者： Marden S.Linares Diego R.Macedo Rodrigo L.Massara Marcos Callisto Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias BiologicasDepartamento de GeneticaEcologia e EvoluçaoLaboratorio de Ecologia de BentosAv.Antonio Carlos 6627PampulhaCP 486Belo HorizonteMGCEP 30270-901Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de GeocienciasDepartamento de GeografiaAv.Antonio Carlos 6627PampulhaBelo HorizonteMGCEP 30270-901Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Instituto de Ciencias BiologicasDepartamento de GeneticaEcologia e EvoluçaoLaboratorio de Ecologia e ConservaçaoPrograma de Pos-graduaçao em EcologiaConservaçao e Manejo da Vida SilvestreAv.Antonio Carlos 6627PampulhaCP 486Belo HorizonteMGCEP 30270-901Brazil Instituto SerraDiCal de Pesquisa e Conservaçao Rua Jose Hemeterio de AndradeNo.570BuritisBelo HorizonteMGCEP 30493-180Brazil

Freshwater gastropods play a pivotal role in the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems,but despite their importance,there are still gaps in their *** goal was to understand what physical habitat factors are the most important for the distribution of freshwater gastropods in headwater stream ecosystems in the Neotropical Savanna and provide a baseline for conservation and management efforts for freshwater gastropods in this *** identified five taxa,each with different environmental *** presence related negatively with stream slope,Biomphalaria presence related positively with total dissolved solids and the proportions of cobble,fine sediment and organic *** presence correlated positively with elevation and the proportion of pools in the *** presence related negatively with total dissolved solids and positively with *** tuberculata presence correlated positively with the proportion of coarse *** results highlight the challenge for protecting native freshwater gastropod assemblages(and managing non-native invasive species),because environmental preferences vary widely amongst taxa and most are vulnerable to common anthropogenic disturbances.

关键词： Lotic ecosystems Alien species Water quality Freshwater gastropod conservation

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