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Physiological traits contributed to the recent increase in yield potential of winter wheat from Henan Province, China

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第5期56卷 492-504页

作者： Bangwei Zhou álvaro Sanz-Sáez Abdelhalim Elazab Tianmin Shen Rut Sánchez-Bragado Jordi Bort Maria Dolors Serret José Luis Araus Unit of Plant Physiology Faculty of Biology University of Barcelona Henan Tianmin seed company Lankao County Department of Plant Biology University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

This experiment aims to test the traits responsible for the increase in yield potential of winter wheat released in Henan Province, China. Seven established cultivars released in the last 20 years and three advanced lines were assayed. The results showed that grain yield was positively correlated with harvest index（HI）, kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. In addition, the HI and aboveground biomass showed an increasing trend with the year of ***, we can conclude that bread wheat breeding advances during recent decades in Henan Province, China,have been achieved through an increase in HI, kernel number per square meter, and aboveground biomass. A higher d13C seems also to be involved in these advances, which suggests a progressive improvement in constitutive water use efficiency not associated with a trend towards lower stomatal conductance in the most recent genotypes. However, genetic advance Researchdoes not appear related to changes in photosynthesis rates on area basis when measured in the flag leaf or the spike,but only to a higher, whole‐spike photosynthesis. Results also indirectly support the concept that under potential yield conditions, the spike contributed more than the flag leaf to kernel formation.

关键词： Carbon isotopes grain yield net carbon exchange nitrogen content yield potential

Strategies in American Alfalfa Breeding

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Strategies in American Alfalfa Breeding

Screening of Low Tar Flue Cured Tobacco Varieties

第五届中国苜蓿发展大会

作者： Mike Velde Zixue Liu Liming Hou Dairyland seed Co. Beijing Clover seed&turf Co. Global seed company

"牧草之王"苜蓿可以为奶牛和肉牛提供足够的能量和蛋白质,而被认为是人类食物生产的推动者,应用越来越广泛。本文以苜蓿产业发展先进的美国为例,讲述了美国苜蓿品种的选育、新的育种方法的应用(基因工程分子育种等)、新的苜蓿育种方向...

"牧草之王"苜蓿可以为奶牛和肉牛提供足够的能量和蛋白质,而被认为是人类食物生产的推动者,应用越来越广泛。本文以苜蓿产业发展先进的美国为例,讲述了美国苜蓿品种的选育、新的育种方法的应用(基因工程分子育种等)、新的苜蓿育种方向以及对苜蓿育种进行了展望。用途更广泛抗逆性更强的苜蓿新品种的不断选育和推广,为苜蓿产业的快速发展奠定了坚实的基础。

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Asian Agricultural Research 2017年第11期9卷 66-69页

作者： Yanji JIN Hua CUI Shuhua LIN Guohe WU Lijuan SUN Chong GAO Chengrong AN Yanbian Agricultural Science Research Institution Zhenlai seed company of Jilin Province

The main agronomic traits,economic traits,appearance quality,main chemical components,gas composition and physical parameters of 10 flue cured tobacco varieties were investigated in the *** the field natural incidence of the main diseases was *** results showed that main agronomic characters of the 10 varieties were in line with the breeding objectives,among which 5 varieties have good economic characters;5 varieties have good appearance quality;6 varieties have coordinated chemical composition and high potassium content;9 varieties have good smoke components and physical indicators.

关键词： Flue cured tobacco Varieties Low tar Screening

Development of an STS Marker Linked to Powdery Mildew Resistance Genes PmLK906 and Pm4a by Gene Chip Hybridization

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第3期9卷 331-336页

作者： NIU Ji-shan JIA Hai-yan YIN Jun WANG Bao-qin MA Zheng-qiang SHEN Tian-min National Centre of Engineering and Technological Research for Wheat/Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P.R.China Tian-Min seed Limited company Lankao 730070 P.R.China

Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） line Lankao 90（6） carries a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene temporarily named PmLK906 on chromosome 2AL. Near PmLK906 there is another known powdery mildew resistance gene locus Pm4. To track the two powdery mildew resistance genes in wheat breeding program by marker assisted selection （MAS）, a linked molecular marker was developed in this study. Wheat gene chip hybridization combined with bulked segregant analysis （BSA） was used to develop an sequence-tagged sites （STS） marker for PmLK906 and Pm4. A new 2 125 bp full-length cDNA clone （GenBank accession no. EU082094） similar to csAtPR5 ofAegilops tauschii was isolated from Lankao 90（6） 21-12, and temporarily named TaAetPR5. Specific products could be amplified from cultivars or lines possessing Pm4a, Pm4b and PmLK906 with primers p9-7pl and p9-7p2 derived from TaAetPR5. TaAetPR5 was linked to PmLK906 at a genetic distance of 7.62 cM, and cosegregated with Pm4a. The p9-7p1 and p9-7p2 could be used as an STS marker for these resistance genes in wheat breeding. Because this marker was cosegregated with Pm4a, it can be used in map-based cloning of the alleles at Pm4 locus also.

关键词： wheat powdery mildew TaAetPR5 sequence-tagged sites (STS) molecular marker

A network pharmacology approach to explore the mechanism of action of Yiqi Fumai lyophilized injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus disease

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Traditional Medicine Research 2023年第3期8卷 1-9页

作者： Yan Zhou Lei Fan Du-Hong Xie Xiao-Ying Han Bo-Xuan Zhao Yi Zhang De-Kun Li Ai-Chun Ju Hai-Xia Ji Ou Qiao Xin-Yu Zhang Wen-Zhe Wang Chang-Xiao Liu Wen-Yuan Gao School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China School of International Education Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Clinical School of Changsha Health Vocational College Changsha 410100China Tasly pride Pharmaceutical company Limited Tianjin 300410China Tianjin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Tianjin 300072China

Background:Shengmai decoction,which has been included in the diagnosis and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),is effective in the early treatment of patients with severe *** Fumai lyophilized injection(YQFM)is a modern Chinese medicine preparation of the Shengmai *** mechanism of its intervention at the molecular level in the severe stage of COVID-19 remains ***,it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of YQFM in the treatment of patients with severe ***:The corresponding target genes of the main active ingredients in YQFM and COVID-19 were obtained by using multiple databases and literature retrieval.A protein-protein interaction network was constructed,and enrichment analysis of the target was performed using Cytoscape ***,the docking of all the identified compounds with angiotensin-converting enzyme II was confirmed by applying molecular docking ***:YQFM has anti-inflammatory effects on RAW267.4 *** main active compounds of YQFM are all effective anti-inflammatory agents,and these active compounds also show beneficial physiological functions,such as anti-oxidation,anti-bacterial,and anticancer *** Ontology analysis showed enrichment in the following pathways:lipopolysaccharides,interleukins,NF-kappa B,interleukin-2 and others,revealing that YQFM may play a role in the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 through these ***:YQFM has multicomponent and multitarget characteristics,and it could reduce lung injury by inhibiting inflammatory reactions,promoting antiviral activities,and regulating immunity,among other functions,to treat patients with severe COVID-19.

关键词： network pharmacology novel corona virus traditional Chinese medicine natural compounds inflammation

The Optimum Sowing Time for Plastic-film Corn and the Application of Two Related Theories

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第5期1卷 508-515页

作者： WU Rui-xiang, LIU Rong-quan, LU Cui-ling, LU Yong-lai, LI Hua, ZHANG Li, LU Xiu-zhi, YU Shu-ping, WU Xiu-yan and WANG Xin-huan(Ningcheng Agro-technique Extension Centre , Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Tianyi 024200 , P. R. China Ningcheng seed company , Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , Tianyi 024200 , P. R . China) Ningcheng Agro-technique Extension Centre Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Tianyi 024200 P. R. China Ningcheng seed company Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Tianyi 024200 P. R. China

There are two main theories, the 'temperature-raising' theory and the 'precipitation-based regulation' theory, which guide the optimum sowing time of the plastic-film corn. The former was applied in the humid or semi-humid ecotope and on irrigated or half-shaded land in the arid and semi-arid ecotopes, while the latter was suitable for the dry-farming land in the semi-arid ecotope. The results of experiments and investigations for many years showed that the corn output was increased by 69.2% when the former theory was applied to guide the optimum sowing time for plastic-film corn in the semi-humid ecotope, and by 60. 0% when the latter theory was applied in the semi-arid ecotope. In the semi-arid ecotope, however, the output was increased only by 15.7% when the former theory was applied, and even dropped by 14.4% when the latter theory was applied.

关键词： Plastic-film corn Division of climatic ecology Optimum sowing time 'Temperature-raising' theory 'Precipitation-based regulation' theory

Self S‑RNase reduces the expression of two pollen‑specific COBRA genes to inhibit pollen tube growth in pear

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Molecular Horticulture 2023年第1期3卷 39-50页

作者： Lei Wu Ying Xu Kaijie Qi Xueting Jiang Min He Yanbo Cui Jianping Bao Chao Gu Shaoling Zhang Centre of Pear Engineering Technology Research State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina Nanjing Ningcui Biological seed company Limited NanjingJiangsuChina College of Plant Science Tarim UniversityAlaerXinjiang 843300China

Due to self-incompatibility(SI)prevents self-fertilization,natural or artificial cross-pollination has been conducted in many orchards to stabilize fruit ***,it is still puzzled which routes of self S-RNase arresting pollen tube ***,17 COBRA genes were isolated from pear *** these genes,the pollen-specifically expressed PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 positively mediates pollen tube *** promoters of PbCOB.A.1 and/or PbCOB.A.2 were bound and activated by PbABF.E.2(an ABRE-binding factor)and PbC2H2.K16.2(a C2H2-type zinc finger protein).Notably,the expressions of PbCOB.A.1,PbCOB.A.2,and PbC2H2.K16.2 were repressed by self S-RNase,suggesting that self S-RNase reduces the expression of PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 by decreasing the expression of their upstream factors,such as PbC2H2.K16.2,to arrest pollen tube ***.A.1 or PbCOB.A.2 accelerates the growth of pollen tubes treated by self S-RNase,but can hardly affect level of reactive oxygen species and deploymerization of actin cytoskeleton in pollen tubes and cannot physically interact with any reported proteins involved in *** results indicate that PbCOB.A.1 and PbCOB.A.2 may not relieve S-RNase toxicity in incompatible pollen *** information provides a new route to elucidate the arresting pollen tube growth during SI reaction.

关键词： Pyrus Self-incompatibility COBRA C2H2-type zinc finger protein Pollen tube growth S-RNase

Yield and Profit from New and Old Wheat Varieties Using Certified and Farmer-Saved seeds

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B) 2016年第3期6卷 141-150页

作者： Krishna Dev Joshi Attiq Ur Rehrnan Ghulam Ullah Amanullah Baloch Makhdoom Hussain Javed Ahmad Mohammad Ishaq Gulzar Ahmad Nadeem Abroad Syed Haider Abbas Maqsood Qamar Mumtaz Abroad Abid Ilyas Dar Badar-uddin Khokhar Muhammad Sajid Akhlaq Hussain Muhammad Imtiaz International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Wheat Research Institute Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan Cereal Crops Research Institute Nowshera 24100 Pakistan Barani Agricultural Research Institute Chakwa148800 Pakistan National Agriculture Research Centre lslamabad 44000 Pakistan Engro Fertilizers Limited Lahore 54000 Pakistan Wheat Research Institute Sakrand 67210 Pakistan pride seed company Mardan 23200 Pakistan

Wheat is a strategic crop for food security in Pakistan with predominance of smallholder farmers. Farmer-saved seed （FSS） is used nearly by 75% of farmers for wheat production. Frequent variety or seed replacement is uncommon even among large-scale farmers, and certified seed （CS） is mostly bought to verify the value of new varieties. Replacing old and obsolete varieties by new high yielding disease resistant varieties is key to transferring new genetic gains to farmers. For the first time in Pakistan, on-farm factorial experiments involving seven new and five old wheat varieties and their corresponding CS and FSS were conducted. A total of 49 farmers representing major wheat cropping patterns throughout the country participated in these trials in the 2014 and 2015 wheat growing seasons. Analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant difference between wheat varieties and between seed classes. New variety ＋ CS gave 33.8% more grain yield as well as higher marginal return over farmers＇ variety ＋ FSS. Grain yield and returns from new variety ＋ FSS and farmers＇ variety ＋ CS were at par. Scientific knowledge generated in this research demonstrated that use of CS ＆new wheat varieties is best option, while growing new varieties with FSS is a second choice for the advantages accruing from their built-in genetic traits of economic importance over growing CS of old and obsolete varieties. Having more flexible seed system will help accelerate the delivery of new genetic gains to farmers＇ fields.

关键词： Certified seed farmer-saved seed variety and seed replacement smallholder farmers yield return varietal popularization.

Effects of Artificial Aging on Physiological Characteristics of Rice seeds with Different Dormancy Characteristics

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2019年第1期8卷 52-56页

作者： Dongdong CAO Shanyu CHEN Yutao HUANG Yebo QIN Guanhai RUAN Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science Huzhou Keao seed company Co.Ltd Zhejiang Planting Administration Bureau

In this study,two indica varieties with different dormancy characteristics [4 K58( II-32 B dormant),4 K59( II-32 B) ] and their F2 seeds( C178,C179) obtained through hybridization with sterile line( II-32 A) were used as materials. Different aged seeds( 0,3,6 and 9 d) of these four varieties were acquired by artificial accelerated aging method. Effects of artificial aging on malondialdehyde( MDA) content and catalase( CAT),ascorbate peroxidase( APX),peroxidase( POD) and superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity were investigated. The results showed that with the prolongation of aging time,MDA contents of these four rice varieties increased significantly,while the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreased dramatically. Besides,MDA contents and SOD,CAT and APX activity of the two inbred lines were significantly lower than those of the hybrid varieties. In addition,the activity of antioxidant enzymes in 4 K58 and C178 was significantly lower than that in 4 K59 and C179,respectively. This study indicated that artificial aging treatment significantly inhibited the activity of antioxidant system in seeds,improved membrane lipid peroxidation degree,and thus aggravated the deterioration of seeds. In addition,it also suggested that rice seeds with dormant property were more intolerant to storage.

关键词： Artificial accelerated aging Rice seed Physiological characteristics Dormancy