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Cell Research 2007年第6期17卷 512-519页

作者： Lin Xu Li YangHai Huang National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China present address: IBMP CNRS Universite Louis Pasteur 67084 Strasbourg France present address: Department of Biology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity after primordium initiation from the shootapical meristem (SAM). Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles in promoting adaxial orabaxial leaf fate. Recently, post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways have been shown to regulate the establishmentof leaf polarity, providing novel and exciting insights into leaf development. For example, microRNAs (miR165/166)and a trans-acting siRNA (TAS3-derived tasiR-ARF) have been shown to repress the expression of several key transcrip-tion factor genes. In addition, yet another level of regulation, post-translational regulation, has been revealed recently bystudies on the role of the 26S proteasome in leaf polarity. Although our understanding regarding the molecular mecha-nisms underlying establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity has greatly improved, there is still much that remains *** review aims to discuss recent progress, as well as the remaining questions, regarding the molecular mechanismsunderlying leaf polarity formation.

关键词： Arabidopsis leaf development polarity formation

Contactless probing of the intrinsic carrier transport single-walled carbon nanotubes

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Nano Research 2014年第11期7卷 1623-1630页

作者： Yize Stephanie Li Jun Ge Jinhua Cai Jie Zhang Wei Lu Jia Liu Liwei Chen Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nono-Bionics Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Jiongsu 215123 Chino present address: Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison W153 706 USA present address: Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA

Intrinsic carrier transport properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes have been probed by two parallel methods on the same individual tubes： The contactless dielectric force microscopy （DFM） technique and the conventional field-effect transistor （FET） method. The dielectric responses of SWNTs are strongly correlated with electronic transport of the corresponding FETs. The DC bias voltage in DFM plays a role analogous to the gate voltage in FET. A microscopic model based on the general continuity equation and numerical simulation is built to reveal the link between intrinsic properties such as carrier concentration and mobility and the macroscopic observable, i.e. dielectric responses, in DFM experiments. Local transport barriers in nanotubes, which influence the device transport behaviors, are also detected with nanometer scale resolution.

关键词： single-walled carbon nanotubes electronic transport dielectric force microscopy field-effect transistor carrier density carrier mobility

Salinity Stress in Roots of Contrasting BarleyGenotypes Reveals Time-Distinct and Genotype-Specific Patterns for Defined Proteins

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Molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 336-355页

作者： Katja Witzel Andrea Matros Marc Strickert Stephanie Kaspar Manuela Peukert Karl H. Mühling Andreas Börner Hans-Peter Mock Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Corrensstrasse 3 06466 Gatersleben Germany present address: Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1 14979 Großbeeren Germany present address: university of Siegen Media Systems Group Hölderlinstrasse 3 57068 Siegen Germany present address: Bruker Daltonik GmbH Fahrenheitstrasse 4 28359 Bremen Germany Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science Christian Albrechts University Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany

Soil salinity is one of the most severe abiotic stress factors threatening agriculture worldwide. Hence,particular interest exists in unraveling mechanisms leading to salt tolerance and improved crop plant performance onsaline soils. Barley is considered to be one of the most salinity-tolerant crops, but varying levels of tolerance are wellcharacterized. A proteomic analysis of the roots of two contrasting cultivars （cv. Steptoe and cv. Morex） is *** plants were exposed to a period of 1, 4, 7, or 10 d at 0, 100, or 150mM NaCI. The root proteome was analyzedbased on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A number of cultivar-specific and salinity stress-responsive proteins wereidentified. Mass spectrometry-based identification was successful for 74 proteins, and a hierarchical clustering analysisgrouped these into five clusters based on similarity of expression profile. The rank product method was applied to sta-tistically access the early and late responses, and this delivered a number of new candidate proteins underlying salinitytolerance in barley. Among these were some germin-like proteins, some pathogenesis-related proteins, and numerousas-yet uncharacterized proteins. Notably, proteins involved in detoxification pathways and terpenoid biosynthesis weredetected as early responsive to salinity and may function as a means of modulating growth-regulating mechanisms andmembrane stability via fine tuning of phytohormone and secondary metabolism in the root.

关键词： barley genotypes mass spectrometry proteome analysis salinity stress two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Calcineurin-B-Like Protein CBL9 Interacts with Target Kinase CIPK3 in the Regulation of ABA Response in Seed Germination

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Molecular Plant 2008年第2期1卷 238-248页

作者： Girdhar K. Pandey John J. Grant Yong Hwa Cheong Beom-Gi Kim Le Gong Li Sheng Luan Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA Department of Plant Molecular Biology University of Delhi South Campus Benito Juarez Road New Delhi-110021 India present address: Department of Bio-Environmental Science Sunchon National University Suncheon Jeonnam 540-742 Korea present address: Department of Molecular Physiology and Biochemistry National institute of Agricultural Biotechnology Suwon 441-707 Korea

Calcium plays a vital role as a second messenger in many signaling pathways in plants. The calcineurin B-like proteins （CBLs） represent a family of plant calcium-binding proteins that function in calcium signaling by interacting with their interacting protein kinases （CIPKs）. In our previous study, we have reported a role for one of the CBLs （CBL9） and one of the CIPKs （CIPK3） in ABA signaling. Here, we have shown that CBL9 and CIPK3 physically and functionally interact with each other in regulating the ABA responses. The CBL9 and CIPK3 proteins interacted with each other in the yeast two- hybrid system and when expressed in plant cells. The double mutant cbl9cipk3 showed the similar hypersensitive response to ABA as observed in single mutants （cbl9 or cipk3）. The constitutively active form of CIPK3 genetically complemented the cbl9 mutant, indicating that CIPK3 function downstream of CBL9. Based on these findings, we conclude that CBL9 and CIPK3 act together in the same pathway for regulating ABA responses.

关键词： ABA calcium CBL CIPK osmotic stress signal transduction.

The Arabidopsis Homolog of the Mammalian OS-9 Protein Plays a Key Role in the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Misfolded Receptor-Like Kinases

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Molecular Plant 2012年第4期5卷 929-940页

作者： Wei Su Yidan Liu Yang Xia Zhi Honga Jianming Li Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology University of Michigan 830 N University Ann Arbor MI 48109-1048 USA present address: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Institute of Plant Biology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China present address: State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology School of Life Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation （ERAD） is a highly conserved mechanism to remove mis- folded membrane/secretory proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum （ER）. While many of the individual components of the ERAD machinery are well characterized in yeast and mammals, our knowledge of a plant ERAD process is rather limited. Here, we report a functional study of an Arabidopsis homolog （AtOS9） of an ER luminal lectin Yos9 （OS-9 in mammals） that recognizes a unique asparagine-linked glycan on misfolded proteins. We discovered that AtOS9 is an ER-Iocalized glyco- protein that is co-expressed with many known/predicted ER chaperones. AT-DNA insertional atos9-t mutation blocks the degradation of a structurally imperfect yet biochemically competent brassinosteroid （BR） receptor bril-9, causing its increased accumulation in the ER and its consequent leakage to the cell surface responsible for restoring the BR sensitivity and suppressing the dwarfism of the bril-9 mutant. In addition, we identified a missense mutation in AtOS9 in a recently discovered ERAD mutant ems-rnutagenized bril suppressor 6 （ebs6-1）. Moreover, we showed that atos9-t also inhibits the ERAD of bril-5, another ER-retained BR receptor, and a misfolded EFR, a BRIl-like receptor for the bacterial translation elongation factor EF-Tu. Furthermore, we found that AtOS9 interacted biochemically and genetically with EBS5, an Arabidopsis homolog of the yeast Hrd3/mammalian SellL known to collaborate with Yos9/OS-9 to select ERAD clients. Taken together, our results demonstrated a functional role of AtOS9 in a plant ERAD process that degrades misfolded receptor-like kinases.

关键词： brassinosteroid receptor ER quality control EMS-mutagenized bril-9 suppressor, lectin N-glycan MRHdomain.

Using high-throughput data and dynamic flux balance modeling techniques to identify points of constraint in xylose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第1期1卷 58-75页

作者： William Hohenschuh Ronald E.Hector Frank Chaplen Ganti S.Murthy Oregon State university CorvallisUSA USDA ARSNCAURPeoriaUSA present address:EMD Serono Inc. RocklandUSA present address:Indian Institute of Technology-Indore IndoreIndia

Background Several enzymes and cofactors have been identified as contributing to the slow utilization of xylose by xylose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces ***,there has been no consensus on which of these possible bottle-necks are the most important to address.A previous strain characterization study from our lab suggested that insufficient NAD+limits fermentation and may be the most important bottleneck affecting utilization of xylose for the production of *** development and validation of a genome scale dynamic flux balance model would help to verify the existence and extent of this and other metabolic bottlenecks and suggest solutions to guide future strain development thereby minimiz-ing bottleneck impact on process *** A dynamic flux balance model was developed to identify bottlenecks in several strains of ***,both with wild-type pentose phosphate pathway expression and with the pathway over ***1 was found to be limiting in the oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway under oxygen replete *** pathway is used to regenerate *** oxygen limiting conditions,respiration of xylose was limited by the lack of oxygen as a terminal electron *** production was also limited under these conditions due to the inability to balance NAD+/*** model suggests the use of the anaplerotic glyoxylate pathway to improve NAD+/NADH balance,increasing ethanol produc-tion by 50%while producing succinate as a coproduct at upwards of 20 g/*** In the production of high value chemicals from biomass,the use of the respiratory metabolism is a waste of feedstock *** previously identified in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway are currently only relevant under oxygen-replete conditions and cannot impact the partitioning of carbon between the respiratory and fermentative *** future efforts on the non-respiratory balancing of NAD+/NADH,perhaps through th

关键词： Xylose Ethanol Biofuel Lignocellulose Metabolic bottlenecks Flux balance analysis Modeling Cofactor imbalance Glyoxylate pathway NAD+ NADH

HOFER-ZEHNDER CAPACITY AND ITS APPLICATION IN M×R^(2n)

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Science China Mathematics 1992年第8期35卷 931-943页

作者：马仁义 Nankai Institute of Mathematics Nankai University Tianjin 300071 PRC) Present address: Department of Applied Mathematics Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 PRC.

In this paper, we study the Hofer-Zehnder capacity and the Weinstein conjecture in symplectic manifold (M×R^(2n), ω(?)σ). Let us define l_1(M, ω)=inf{|>0, α∈π_2(M)}. Suppose l_1(M, ω)>O, Opresent. For n>1, consider on Cp^(n-1) the standard symplectic form co such that ω[u]=n for a generator u of H_2(CP^(n-1). Suppose O<πr^2<2/1 n. ThenC_(HZ)(M×B(r))=C_(HZ)(M×Z(r))=πr^2.As an application, we claim that the Weinstein conjecture in M×Z(r) is proved correct.

关键词： symplectic capacity periodic solution pseudo-holomorphic curves Weinstein conjecture.

Improved Growth and Stress Tolerance in the Arabidopsis oxtl Mutant Triggered by Altered Adenine Metabolism

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1310-1332页

作者： Suchada Sukrong Kil-Young Yun Patrizia Stadler Charan Kumar Tony Facciuolo Barbara A.Moffatt Deane L.Falconec Department of Plant and Soil Science University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40546USA present address:Department of Pharmacognosy Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesChulalongkorn UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Biological Sciences University of MassachusettsOne University AvenueLowellMA 01854USA present address:Fungi and Plant Co.Ltd Chungcheongbuk-doRepublic of Korea Department of Biology University of WaterlooWaterlooOntarioCanada

Plants perceive and respond to environmental stresses with complex mechanisms that are often associ- ated with the activation of antioxidant defenses. A genetic screen aimed at isolating oxidative stress-tolerant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana has identified oxtl, a line that exhibits improved tolerance to oxidative stress and elevated temperature but displays no apparent deleterious growth effects under non-stress conditions. Oxtl harbors a muta- tion that arises from the altered expression of a gene encoding adenine phosphoribosyltransferase （APT1）, an enzyme that converts adenine to adenosine monophosphate （AMP）, indicating a link between purine metabolism, whole-plant growth responses, and stress acclimation. The oxtl mutation results in decreased APT1 expression that leads to reduced enzymatic activity. Correspondingly, oxtl plants possess elevated levels of adenine. Decreased APT enzyme activity dir- ectly correlates with stress resistance in transgenic lines that ectopically express APT1. The metabolic alteration in oxtl plants also alters the expression of several antioxidant defense genes and the response of these genes to oxidative chal- lenge. Finally, it is shown that manipulation of adenine levels can induce stress tolerance to wild-type plants. Collectively, these results show that alterations in cellular adenine levels can trigger stress tolerance and improve growth, leading to increases in plant biomass. The results also suggest that adenine might play a part in the signals that modulate responses to abiotic stress and plant growth.

关键词： abiotic/oxidative environmental stress acclimation priming purine signaling salvage pathway thermotolerance.

Arabidopsis Extra Large G-Protein 2 （XLG2） Interacts with the Gβ Subunit of Heterotrimeric G Protein and Functions in Disease Resistance

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Molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 513-525页

作者： Huifen Zhu Guo-Jing Li Lei Ding Xiangqin Cui Howard Berg Sarah M. Assmann Yiji Xia Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St Louis MO 63132 USA present address: College of Bioengineering Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010018 China Biology Department Penn State University University Park PA 16802 USA present address: Department of Biology Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA Department of Biostatistics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA

Heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins, which consist of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits, play important roles in transducing extracellular signals perceived by cell surface receptors into intracellular physiological responses. In addition to a single prototypical Gα protein （GPA1）, Arabidopsis has three unique Gα-Iike proteins, known as XLG1, XLG2, and XLG3, that have been found to be localized in nuclei, although their functions and mode of action remain largely unknown. Through a transcriptomic analysis, we found that XLG2 and XLG3 were rapidly induced by infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, whereas the XLG1 transcript level was not affected by pathogen infection. A reverse genetic screen revealed that the xlg2 loss-of-function mutation causes enhanced susceptibility to P. syringae. Transcriptome profiling revealed that the xlg2 mutation affects pathogen-triggered induction of a small set of defense-related genes. However, xlgl and xlg3 mutants showed no difference from wild-type plants in resistance to P. syringae, In addition, the xlg2 xlg3 double mutant and the xlgl xlg2 xlg3 triple mutant were not significantly different from the xlg2 single mutant in the disease resistance phenotype, suggesting that the roles of XLG1 and XLG3 in defense, if any, are less significant than for XLG2. Constitutive overexpression of XLG2 leads to the accumulation of abnormal transcripts from multiple defense-related genes. Through co-immunoprecipitation assays, XLG2 was found to interact with AGB1, the sole Gβ subunit in Arabidopsis, which has previously been found to be a positive regulator in resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens. However, no significant difference was found between three xlg single mutants, the xlg2 xlg3 double mutant, the xlgtriple mutant, and wild-type plants in resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea or Alternaria brassicicola. These results suggest that XLG2 and AGB1 are components of a G-protein complex different

关键词： Defense responses disease resistance plant-microbe interactions Arabidopsis G-protein.

Defective Etioplasts Observed in Variegation Mutants May Reveal the Light-Independent Regulation of White/Yellow Sectors of Arabidopsis Leaves

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第11期53卷 846-857页

作者： Wenjuan Wu Nabil Elsheery Qing Wei Lingang Zhang Jirong Huang National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant-PhysTology and-Ecology Shanghai Institutesfor Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China present address： Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN 55905 USA present address： Institute of Plant Science and Resources okayama University Kurashiki Okayama Japan

Leaf variegation resulting from nuclear gene mutations has been used as a model system to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of chloroplast development. Since most variegation genes also function in photosynthesis, it remains unknown whether their roles in photosynthesis and chloroplast development are distinct. Here, using the variegation mutant thylakoid formation1 （thfl） we show that variegation formation is light independent. It was found that slow and uneven chloroplast development in thfl can be attributed to defects in etioplast development in darkness. Ultrastructural analysis showed the coexistence of plastids with or without prolamellar bodies （PLB） in cells of thfl, but not of WT. Although THF1 mutation leads to significant decreases in the levels of Pchlide and Pchliide oxidoreductase （POR） expression, genetic and 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA）-feeding analysis did not reveal Pchlide or POR to be critical factors for etioplast formation in thfl. Northern blot analysis showed that plastid gene expression is dramatically reduced in thfl compared with that in WT, particularly in the dark. Our results also indicate that chlorophyll biosynthesis and expression of plastidic genes are coordinately suppressed in thfl. Based on these results, we propose a model to explain leaf variegation formation from the plastid development perspective.

关键词： Arabidopsis chloroplast etioplast THF1/Psb29 variegation Pchllide oxidoreductase Pchlide oxidoreductase chloroplastdevelopment.