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Warming‑induced changes of broccoli head to cauliflower‑like curd in Brassica oleracea are regulated by DNA methylation as revealed by methylome and transcriptome co‑profiling

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Molecular Horticulture 2022年第1期2卷 318-332页

作者： Zilei Yao Lu Yuan Ke Liu Tingjin Wang Bin Liu Yan Zhao Susheng Gan Liping Chen Department of Horticulture College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Plant Biology section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA present address:College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming 650201China

Increasingly warming temperature impacts on all aspects of growth and development in *** development is a complex process that is very sensitive to ambient temperature,and warming temperatures often lead to abnor-mal flower development and remarkably reduce the quality and yield of inflorescent vegetables and many other crops,which can be exemplified by Brassica oleracea *** Harmony F1,a broccoli cultivar,whose floral develop-ment is ceased at inflorescence meristem(at 28℃)or floral primordium stage(at 22℃),forming a cauliflower-like curd(28℃)or intermediate curd(22℃)instead of normal broccoli head at 16℃.However,the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms are not well *** we report that warming temperature(28℃ or 22℃)induced hypermethylation of the genome,especially the promoter regions of such sets of genes as ribosome biogenesis-related and others,leading to the suppression of the apex-highly-expressed distinctive genes,subsequently resulting in the abnormal floral development,as revealed by methylome and transcriptome *** regulation of warming-induced abnormal floral development in broccoli was further verified by the fact that the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine(5-azaC)released the expression of genes from the warming temperature-induced suppres-sion,and restored the broccoli development to normalcy at warming *** research provided new approaches to breeding broccoli and other crops for growing in wider or warmer temperature zones.

关键词： Brassica oleracea DNA methylation Floral development cessation Global warming Heat stress

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Arabidopsis FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 Are Functionally Redundant, But FtsZ-Based Plastid Division Is Not Essential for Chloroplast Partitioning or Plant Growth and Development

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1211-1222页

作者： Aaron J. Schmitz Jonathan M. Glynn Bradley J.S.C. Olson Kevin D. Stokes Katherine W. Osteryoung Department of Plant Biology 166 Plant Biology Bldg Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824-1312 USA Cell and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Genetics Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA present address: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory La Jolla CA 92037 USA present address: mycobacteria and brucella section NVSL/APHIS/USDA 1920 Dayton Ave Ames IA 50010 USA

FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are phylogenetically distinct families of FtsZ in plants that co-localize to mid-plastid rings and facilitate division of chloroplasts. In plants, altered levels of either FtsZ1 or FtsZ2 cause dose-dependent defects in chloroplast division; thus, studies on the functional relationship between FtsZgenes require careful manipulation of FtsZ levels in vivo. To define the functional relationship between the two FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2, we expressed FtsZ2-1 in an ftsZ2-2 null mutant, and vice versa, and determined whether the chloroplast division defects were rescued in plants expressing different total levels of FtsZ2. Full rescue was observed when either the FtsZ2-1 or FtsZ2-2 level approximated total FtsZ2 levels in wild-type （WT）. Additionally, FtsZ2-2 interacts with ARC6, as shown previously for FtsZ2- 1. These data indicate that FtsZ2-1 and FtsZ2-2 are functionally redundant for chloroplast division in Arabidopsis. To rigorously validate the requirement of each FtsZ family for chloroplast division, we replaced FtsZ1 with FtsZ2 in vivo, and vice versa, while maintaining the FtsZ level in the transgenic plants equal to that of the total level in WT. Chloroplast division defects were not rescued, demonstrating conclusively that FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 are non-redundant for maintenance of WT chloroplast numbers. Finally, we generated ftsZtriple null mutants and show that plants completely devoid of FtsZ protein are viable and fertile. As plastids are presumably essential organelles, these findings suggest that an FtsZ-independent mode of plastid partitioning may occur in higher plants.

关键词： Chloroplast plastid division FtsZ ARC6 PDV1.

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Functional Autapses Form in Striatal Parvalbumin Interneurons but not Medium Spiny Projection Neurons

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第4期39卷 576-588页

作者： Xuan Wang Zhenfeng Shu Quansheng He Xiaowen Zhang Luozheng Li Xiaoxue Zhang Liang Li Yujie Xiao Bo Peng Feifan Guo Da-Hui Wang Yousheng Shu School of Systems Science and State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Department of Neurosurgery Jinshan HospitalState Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyMOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchFudan UniversityShanghai200032China present address:section of Infection and Immunity Herman Ostrow School of DentistryUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA

Autapses selectively form in specific cell types in many brain *** studies have also found putative autapses in principal spiny projection neurons(SPNs)in the ***,it remains unclear whether these neurons indeed form physiologically functional *** applied whole-cell recording in striatal slices and identified autaptic cells by the occurrence of prolonged asynchronous release(AR)of neurotransmitters after bursts of high-frequency action potentials(APs).Surprisingly,we found no autaptic AR in SPNs,even in the presence of Sr^(2+).However,robust autaptic AR was recorded in parvalbumin(PV)-expressing *** autaptic responses were mediated by GABA_(A) receptors and their strength was dependent on AP frequency and *** computer simulations suggest that autapses regulate spiking activity in PV cells by providing self-inhibition and thus shape network ***,our results indicate that PV neurons,but not SPNs,form functional autapses,which may play important roles in striatal functions.

关键词： Asynchronous neurotransmitter release Autapse Spiny projection neuron Parvalbumin interneuron Striatum

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COPPER AMINE OXIDASE1 （CuAO1） of Arabidopsis thaliana Contributes to Abscisic Acid- and Polyamine-lnduced Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis and Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 663-678页

作者： Rinukshi Wimalasekera Corina Villar Tahmina Begum Giinther F. E. Scherer Leibniz Universitat Hannover Institute of Floriculture and Wood Science Section of Applied Molecular Physiology Herrenhauser Strasse 2 D-30419Hannover Germany present address: Institute of Plant Research ETH Universitatstr. 2 8092 Zurich Switzerland present address: ZMBP University of T~bingen Auf der Morgenstell 28 D-72076 Tubingen Germany

Polyamines （PA）, polyamine oxidases, copper amine oxidases, and nitric oxide （NO） play important roles in physiology and stress responses in plants. NO biosynthesis as a result of catabolism of PA by polyamine oxidases and copper amine oxidases may explain in part PA-mediated responses. Involvement of a copper amine oxidase gene, COPPER AMINE OXIDASEI （CuAO1）, of Arabidopsis was tested for its role in stress responses using the knockouts cuao1-1 and cuaol-2. PA-induced and ABA-induced NO production investigated bY fluorometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that the cuaol-1 and cuaol-2 are impaired in NO production, suggesting a function of CuAO1 in PA and ABA-mediated NO production. Furthermore, we found a PA-dependent increase in protein S-nitrosylation. The addition of PA and ABA also resulted in H2O2 increases, cuao1-1 and cuao1-2 showed less sensitivity to exogenous ABA supplementation during germination, seedling establishment, and root growth inhibition as compared to wild-type. In response to ABA treatment, expression levels of the stress-responsive genes RD29A and ADH1 were significantly lower in the knockouts. These observations characterize cuao1-1 and cuao1-2 as ABA-insensitive mutants. Taken together, our findings extend the ABA signal transduction network to include CuAO1 as one potential contributor to enhanced NO production by ABA.

关键词： COPPER AMINE OXIDASE1 polyamines nitric oxide abscisic acid signal transduction germination.

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A multiscale polymerization framework towards network structure and fracture of double-network hydrogels

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 371-379页

作者： Mingzhen Zhang Dong Zhang Hong Chen Yanxian Zhang Yonglan Liu Baiping Ren Jie Zheng Department of Chemical Biomolecularand Corrosion EngineeringThe University of AkronAkronOH 44325USA present address:Computational Structural Biology section Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute at FrederickFrederickMDUSA

Double-network(DN)hydrogels,consisting of two contrasting and interpenetrating polymer networks,are considered as perhaps the toughest soft-wet *** knowledge of DN gels from synthesis methods to toughening mechanisms almost exclusively comes from chemically-linked DN hydrogels by *** modeling and simulations of inhomogeneous DN structure in hydrogels have proved to be extremely ***,we developed a new multiscale simulation platform to computationally investigate the early fracture of physically-chemically linked agar/polyacrylamide(agar/PAM)DN hydrogels at a long timescale.A“random walk reactive polymerization”(RWRP)was developed to mimic a radical polymerization process,which enables to construct a physically-chemically linked agar/PAM DN hydrogel from monomers,while conventional and steered MD simulations were conducted to examine the structural-dependent energy dissipation and fracture behaviors at the relax and deformation *** simulation results revealed that energy dissipation of agar/PAM hydrogels was attributed to a combination of the pulling out of agar chains from the DNs,the disruption of massive hydrogen bonds between and within DN structures,and the strong association of water molecules with both networks,thus explaining a different mechanical enhancement of agar/PAM *** computational work provided atomic details of network structure,dynamics,solvation,and interactions of a hybrid DN hydrogel,and a different structural-dependent energy dissipation mode and fracture behavior of a hybrid DN hydrogel,which help to design tough hydrogels with new network structures and efficient energy dissipation ***,the RWRP algorithm can be generally applied to construct the radical polymerization-produced hydrogels,elastomers,and polymers.

关键词： polymerization hydrogel structure

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Winery by‑products as a feed source with functional properties:dose–response effect of grape pomace,grape seed meal,and grape seed extract on rumen microbial community and their fermentation activity in RUSITEC

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第6期14卷 2439-2453页

作者： Ratchaneewan Khiaosa‑ard Mubarik Mahmood Elsayed Mickdam Catia Pacifico Julia Meixner Laura‑Sophie Traintinger Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinaerplatz 11210 ViennaAustria. Animal Nutrition section Department of Animal SciencesSub Campus JhangUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences12 Km Chiniot RoadJhang 35200LahorePakistan. Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineSouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt. present address:Biome Diagnostics GmbH ViennaAustria.

Background Grape and winery by-products have nutritional values for cattle and also contain functional compounds like phenols,which not only bind to protein but can also directly affect microbiota and their function in the *** characterized the nutritional and functional effects of grape seed meal and grape pomace as well as an effective dosage of grape phenols on ruminal microbiota and fermentation characteristics using a rumen simulation *** Six diets(each n=8)were compared including a control diet(CON,no by-product),a positive control diet(EXT,CON+3.7%grape seed extract on a dry matter(DM)basis),two diets with grape seed meal at 5%(GS-low)and 10%(GS-high),and two diets with grape pomace:at 10%(GP-low)and 20%(GP-high),on a DM *** inclusion of the by-product supplied total phenols at 3.4%,0.7%,1.4%,1.3%,and 2.7%of diet DM for EXT,GS-low,GS-high,GP-low,and GP-high,*** were tested in four experimental *** treatments decreased ammonia concentrations and the disappearances of DM and OM(P<0.05)compared to *** and GP-high lowered butyrate and odd-and branch-chain short-chain fatty acids while increased acetate compared to CON(P<0.05).Treatments did not affect methane *** decreased the abundance of many bacterial genera including those belonging to the core ***-high and EXT consistently decreased Olsenella and Anaerotipes while increased Ruminobacter *** The data suggest that the inclusion of winery by-products or grape seed extract could be an option for reducing excessive ammonia *** to grape phenols at a high dosage in an extract form can alter the rumen microbial ***,however,does not necessarily alter the effect of grape phenols on the microbial community function compared to feeding high levels of winery *** suggests the dominant role of dosage over the form or source of the grape phenols in affecting ruminal microbial *** conclusion,

关键词： Functional feed Grape pomace Grape seed Protein degradation Rumen microbiota

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Plasma Membrane-Associated SCAR Complex Subunits Promote Cortical F-Actin Accumulation and Normal Growth Characteristics in Arabidopsis Roots

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 990-1006页

作者： Julia Dyachok Mon-Ray Shao Kevin Vaughn Andrew Bowling Michelle Facette Stevan Djakovic Lauren Clark Laurie Smith section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0116 USA Southern Weed Science Research Unit USDA-ARS 141 Experiment Station Road Stoneville MS 38776 USA Carnegie Institution Department of Plant Biology 260 Panama Street Stanford CA 94305 USA present address: Division of Plant Biology The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation 2510 Sam Noble Pkwy Ardmore OK 73401 USA present address: section of Neurobiology University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093-0116 USA

The ARP2/3 complex, a highly conserved nucleator of F-actin polymerization, and its activator, the SCAR complex, have been shown to play important roles in leaf epidermal cell morphogenesis in Arabidopsis. However, the intracellular site（s） and function（s） of SCAR and ARP2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization in plant cells remain unclear. We demonstrate that putative SCAR complex subunits BRK1 and SCAR1 are localized to the plasma membrane at sites of cell growth and wall deposition in expanding cells of leaves and roots. BRK1 localization is SCAR-dependent, providing further evidence of an association between these proteins in vivo. Consistent with plasma membrane localization of SCAR complex subunits, cortical F-actin accumulation in root tip cells is reduced in brkl mutants. Moreover, mutations disrupting the SCAR or ARP2/3 complex reduce the growth rate of roots and their ability to penetrate semi-solid medium, suggesting reduced rigidity. Cell walls of mutant roots exhibit abnormal structure and composition at intercellular junctions where BRK1 and SCAR1 are enriched in the adjacent plasma membrane. Taken together, our results suggest that SCAR and ARP2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization promotes processes at the plasma membrane that are important for normal growth and wall assembly.

关键词： cell expansion cell morphogenesis cytoskeleton root biology Arabidopsis.

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A New β-Estradiol-lnducible Vector Set that Facilitates Easy Construction and Efficient Expression of Transgenes Reveals CBL3-Dependent Cytoplasm to Tonoplast Translocation of CIPK5

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Molecular Plant 2013年第6期6卷 1814-1829页

作者： Kathrin Schliicking Kai H. Edel Maria M. Drerupa Philipp Koster Christian Eckert Leonie Steinhorst Rainer Waadt Oliver Batistic Jorg Kudla Institut for Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen Universit~t MQnster Schlossplatz 4 48149 MQnster Gel'many _ . _ present address: University of California San Diego Division of Biological Sciences Cell and Developmental Biology Section 9500 Gilman Drive #0116 LaJolla CA 92093-0116 USA

Transient and stable expression of transgenes is central to many investigations in plant biology research. Chemical regulation of expression can circumvent problems of plant lethality caused by constitutive overexpression or allow inducible knock （out/down） approaches. Several chemically inducible or repressible systems have been described and successfully applied. However, cloning and application-specific modification of most available inducible expression systems have been limited and remained complicated due to restricted cloning options. Here we describe a new set of 57 vectors that enable transgene expression in transiently or stably transformed cells. All vectors harbor a synthetically optimized XVE expression cassette, allowing I^-estradiol mediated protein expression. Plasmids are equipped with the reporter genes GUS, GFP, mCherry, or with HA and Strepll epitope tags and harbor an optimized multiple cloning site for flexible and simple clon- ing strategies. Moreover, the vector design allows simple substitution of the driving promoter to achieve tissue-specificity or to modulate expression ranges of inducible transgene expression. We report details of the kinetics and dose-dependence of expression induction in Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll protoplasts, transiently transformed Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. Using these vectors, we investigated the influence of CBL （Calcineurin B-like） protein expression on the subcellular localization of CIPKs （Calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinases）. These analyses uncovered that induced co-expression of CBL3 is fully sufficient for dynamic translocation of CIPK5 from the cytoplasm to the tonoplast. Thus, the vector system presented here facilitates a broad range of research applications.

关键词： vector inducible gene expression βestradiol Arabidopsis CBL CIPK.

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A seismic gap on the Anninghe fault in western Sichuan, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第10期51卷 1375-1387页

作者： XueZe Wen Jun Fan GuiXi Yi YiWei Deng Feng Long Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China College of Information Engineering Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059 China present address: Earthquake Administration of Sichuan Provinc

Through integrated analyses of time-varying patterns of regional seismicity, occurrence background of strong and large historical earthquakes along active faults, and temporal-spatial distribution of accu- rately relocated hypocenters of modern small earthquakes, this paper analyzes and discusses the im- plication of a 30-year-lasting seismic quiescence in the region along and surrounding the Anninghe and Zemuhe faults in western Sichuan, China. It suggests that the seismic quiescence for ML≥4.0 events has been lasting in the studied region since January, 1977, along with the formation and evaluation of a seismic gap of the second kind, the Anninghe seismic gap. The Anninghe seismic gap has the background of a seismic gap of the first kind along the Anninghe fault, and has resulted from evident fault-locking and strain-accumulating along the fault during the last 30 years. Now, two fault sections either without or with less small earthquakes exist along the Anninghe fault within the An- ninghe seismic gap. They indicate two linked and locked fault-sections, the northern Mianning section and the Mianning-Xichang section with lengths of 65 km and 75 km and elapsed time from the latest large earthquakes of 527 and 471 years, respectively. Along the Anninghe fault, characteristics of both the background of the first kind seismic gap and the seismicity patterns of the second seismic gap, as well as the hypocenter depth distribution of modern small earthquakes are comparable, respectively, to those appearing before the M=8.1 Hoh Xil earthquake of 2001 and to those emerging in the 20 years before the M=7.1 Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of 1989, suggesting that the Anninghe seismic gap is tending to become mature, and hence its mid- to long-term potential of large earthquakes should be noticeable. The probable maximum magnitudes of the potential earthquakes are estimated to be as large as 7.4 for both the two locked sections of the Anninghe fault.

关键词： Anninghe fault seismic quiescence seismic gap fault locking seismic potential

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NPY Genes Play an Essential Role in Root Gravitropic Responses in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 171-179页

作者： Yuanting Li Xinhua Dai Youfa Cheng Yunde Zhao section of Cell and Developmental Biology University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA92093-0116 USA Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroecology of Ministry of Education School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China present address: Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China

Plants can sense the direction of gravity and orient their growth to ensure that roots are anchored in soil and that shoots grow upward. Gravitropism has been studied extensively using Arabidopsis genetics, but the exact mecha- nisms for gravitropism are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that five NPY genes play a key role in Arabidopsis root gravitropism. NPYgenes were previously identified as regulators of auxin-mediated organogenesis in a genetic pathway with the AGC kinases PID, PID2, WAG1, and WAG2. We show that all five NPYgenes are highly expressed in primary root tips. The single npy mutants do not display obvious gravitropism defects, but the npyl npy2 npy3 npy4 npy5 quin- tuple mutants show dramatic gravitropic phenotypes. Systematic analysis of all the npy double, triple, and quadruple combinations demonstrates that the five NPY genes all contribute to gravitropism. Our work indicates that gravitropism, phototropism, and organogenesis use analogous mechanisms in which at least one AGC kinase, one NPH3/NPY gene, and one ARF are required.

关键词： Light signaling signal transduction development root biology auxin.

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