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Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： James F. HARE Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT Laura E. GARDINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary ANDERSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (FGMs) from captive male and female Richardson’s ground squirrelsUrocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline (CTL; control), adre-nocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity), or dexamethasone (DEX; suppressing adrenal activity). Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concentration between capture (baseline), and following handling (stress-induced) were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma cortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson’s ground squirrels.

关键词：糖皮质激素放射免疫法行为松鼠粪便验证基础 Richardson

Strawberry sweetness and consumer preference are enhanced by specific volatile compounds

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 870-884页

作者： Zhen Fan Tomas Hasing Timothy S.Johnson Drake M.Garner Michael L.Schwieterman Christopher R.Barbey Thomas A.Colquhoun Charles A.Sims Marcio F.R.Resende Vance M.Whitaker Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaIFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterWimaumaFLUSA Elo Life Systems DurhamNCUSA Department of Environmental Horticulture and Plant Innovation Center Institute of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA plenty unlimited Inc.South San FranciscoCA 94080USA Food Science and Human Nutrition Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

Breeding crops for improved flavor is challenging due to the high cost of sensory evaluation and the difficulty of connecting sensory experience to chemical *** main goal of this study was to identify the chemical drivers of sweetness and consumer liking for fresh strawberries(Fragaria×ananassa).Fruit of 148 strawberry samples from cultivars and breeding selections were grown and harvested over seven years and were subjected to both sensory and chemical *** panel consisted of at least 100 consumers,resulting in more than 15,000 sensory data points per *** sugars,two acids and 113 volatile compounds were *** liking was highly associated with sweetness intensity,texture liking,and flavor intensity,but not sourness *** least square analyses revealed 20 volatile compounds that increased sweetness perception independently of sugars;18 volatiles that increased liking independently of sugars;and 15 volatile compounds that had positive effects on *** learning-based predictive models including sugars,acids,and volatiles explained at least 25%more variation in sweetness and liking than models accounting for sugars and acids *** compounds such asγ-dodecalactone;5-hepten-2-one,6-methyl;and multiple medium-chain fatty acid esters may serve as targets for breeding or quality control attributes for strawberry products.A genetic association study identified two loci controlling ester production,both on linkage group 6 ***-segregating makers in these regions can be used for increasing multiple esters *** study demonstrates a paradigm for improvement of fruit sweetness and flavor in which consumers drive the identification of the most important chemical targets,which in turn drives the discovery of genetic targets for marker-assisted breeding.

关键词： volatile sugar esters

VARIATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSLATION PRODUCTS IN HUMAN LEUKEMIC LEUCOCYTES

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1986年第12期31卷 852-855页

作者：薛建静刘一农王均衡 Biochemistry Department of Harbin Medical University Harbin Biochemistry Department of Harbin Medical University Harbinhe suggestion that mutation of mitochondria of cell energy producer is linked to oncogenesis could be traced back at least to 40 years ago. Although there has been plenty of evidence in favour of it no convincing mechanism has even been proposed. Many invesstigators have been interested in a comparatively neglected area of tumor mitochondria since the existence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in forms of the ab-

The suggestion that mutation of mitochondria of cell energy producer is linked to oncogenesis could be traced back at least to 40 years ago. Although there has been plenty of evidence in favour of it, no convincing mechanism has even been proposed. Many invesstigators have been interested in a comparatively neglected area of tumor mitochondria, since the existence of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in forms of the ab-

关键词： mitochondria suggestion producer plenty neglected traced interested mutation DNA labeling

Correction: Strawberry sweetness and consumer preference are enhanced by specific volatile compounds

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3067-3067页

作者： Zhen Fan Tomas Hasing Timothy S.Johnson Drake M.Garner Michael L.Schwieterman Christopher R.Barbey Thomas A.Colquhoun Charles A.Sims Marcio F.R.Resende Vance M.Whitaker Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida IFAS Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Wimauma FL USA Elo Life Systems Durham NC USA Department of Environmental Horticulture and Plant Innovation Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL USA plenty unlimited Inc. South San Francisco CA 94080 USA Food Science and Human Nutrition Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Horticultural Sciences Department University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

Since the publication of this article 1,the corresponding author discovered that an additional researcher contributed data and should be included as an *** ***(plenty unlimited,Inc.,South San Francisco,CA 94080,US)has... 详细信息

关键词： volatile specific compounds