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Split Addition of Nitrogen-Rich Substrate at Thermophilic and Mesophilic Stages of Composting: Effect on Green House Gases Emission and Quality of Compost

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第2期14卷 133-158页

作者： Boakye Acheampong Kodwo Miezah Enoch Bessah Benedicta Essel Ayamba Francis Kemausour Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Environmental Science College of Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Soil Fertility and plant nutrition division CSIR-Soil Research Institute Kumasi Ghana The Brew-Hammond Energy Center College of Engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

Composting as a solution to the increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), also contribute to GHGs emission when not controlled and could lack some basic nutrients, especially nitrogen. This study assessed the split-additions of nitrogen-rich substrate to composting materials and their effect on GHGs emissions as well as the quality of the composts. Nitrogen-rich substrates formulated from pig and goat manure were co-composted with MSW for a 12-weeks period by split adding at mesophilic (˚C) and thermophilic (>50˚C) stages in five different treatments. Representative samples from the compost were taken from each treatment for physicochemical, heavy metals and bacteriological analysis. In-situ CH4, CO2, N2O gas emissions were also analyzed weekly during composting. It was observed that all the treatments showed significant organic matter decomposition, reaching thermophilic temperatures in the first week of composting. The absence affects the suitable agronomic properties. All nitrogen-rich substrate applied at thermophilic stage (Treatment two) recorded the highest N, P and K concentrations of 1.34%, 0.97% and 2.45%, respectively with highest nitrogen retention. In terms of GHG emissions, CO2 was highest at the thermophilic stage when N-rich substrate was added in all treatment, while CH4 was highest in the mesophilic stage with N-rich substrate addition. N2O showed no specific trend in the treatments. Split addition of the N-rich substrate for co-composting of MSW produced compost which is stable, has less nutrient loss and low GHG emissions. Split addition of a nitrogen-rich substrate could be an option for increasing the fertilizer value of MSW compost.

关键词： Compost Nitrogen-Rich Substrate Thermophilic Mesophilic Greenhouse Gas Emissions

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Irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser optimisation in protected vegetable fields of northern China:Achieving environmental and agronomic sustainability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1022-1033页

作者： Bingqian Fan Yitao Zhang Owen Fenton Karen Daly Jungai Li Hongyuan Wang Limei Zhai Xiaosheng Luo Qiuliang Lei Shuxia Wu Hongbin Liu State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China/Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreWexford Y35Ireland Institute of plant nutrition Resources and Environmental SciencesHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China

Globally,sub-optimal use of nitrogen (N) fertiliser and elevated N irrigation groundwater have led to high leached nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) losses from protected vegetable field *** fertiliser and irrigation management in different soil types is crucial to reduce future N loads from such *** present 4-year study examined leached N loads from lysimeter monitoring arrays set up across 18 protected vegetable system sites encompassing the dominant soil types of northern *** treatments applied at each field site were:1) a high N and high irrigation input treatment (HNHI);2) a low N but high irrigation input treatment (LNHI) and 3) a low N with low irrigation input treatment (LNLI).Results showed that the mean annual leached total nitrogen loads from the HNHI,LNHI and LNLI treatments were 325,294 and 257 kg N ha^(–1) in the fluvo-aquic soil,114,100 and 78 kg N ha^(–1) in the cinnamon soil and 79,68 and 57 kg N ha^(–1) in the black soil,*** N dissolved in irrigation water in the fluvo-aquic soil areas was 8.26-fold higher than in the cinnamon areas.A structural equation model showed that N fertiliser inputs and leaching water amounts explained 14.7 and 81.8%of the variation of leached N loads,***,reducing irrigation water by 21.5%decreased leached N loads by 20.9%,while reducing manure N and chemical N inputs by 22 and 25%decreased leached N loads by only 9.5%. This study highlights that protected vegetable fields dominated by fluvo-aquic soil need management to curtail leached N losses in northern China.

关键词： agriculture water quality nitrate groundwater irrigation management

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Management strategies for common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 62-71页

作者： Randula Ranawaka Kavinda Dayasiri Erandima Sandamali Manoji Gamage Department of Paediatrics Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Colombo and Lady Ridgeway Hospital for ChildrenColombo 0094Sri Lanka Department of Paediatrics Facullty of MedicineUniversity of KelaniyaRagama 0094Sri Lanka Department of Nursing Faculty of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of RuhunaGalle 0094Sri Lanka division of nutrition Ministry of HealthColombo 0094Sri Lanka

Viral infections have been considered as a major cause of morbidity and mortality after kidney transplantation in pediatric *** are at high risk of acquiring virus-related complications due to immunological immaturity and the enhanced alloreactivity risk that led to maintenance of high immunosuppressive ***,prevention,early detection,and prompt treatment of such infections are of paramount *** all viral infections,herpes viruses(herpes simplex virus,varicella zoster virus,Epstein-Barr virus,cytomegalovirus),hepatitis B and C viruses,BK polyomavirus,and respiratory viruses(respiratory syncytial virus,parainfluenza virus,influenza virus and adenovirus)are common in kidney transplant *** viruses can cause systemic disease or allograft dysfunction affecting the clinical *** advances in technology and antiviral therapy have improved management strategies in screening,monitoring,adoption of prophylactic or preemptive therapy and precise treatment in the immunocompromised host,with significant impact on the *** review discusses the etiology,screening and monitoring,diagnosis,prevention,and treatment of common viral infections in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

关键词： Viral infections Post renal transplant Immunosuppressive regimes Herpes simplex virus Varicella zoster virus Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus Hepatitis B virus BK polyomavirus Viral monitoring

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Neglected Mendelian causes of stroke in adult Chinese patients who had an ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 194-201,I0001-I0103页

作者： Wei Li Hao Li Chaoxia Lu Jialu Zhao Huichun Xu Zhe Xu Braxton Mitchell Yong Jiang Hong-Qiu Gu Qin Xu Anxin Wang Xia Meng Jinxi Lin Jing Jing Zixiao Li Wanlin Zhu Zhigang Liang Mengxing Wang Yongjun Wang China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina division of Endocrinology Diabetes and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA Department of Neurology Qindao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding HospitalYantaiShandongChina Clinical Center for Precision Medicine in Stroke Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background and purpose Multiple factors play important roles in the occurrence and prognosis of ***,the roles of monogenic variants in all-cause ischaemic stroke have not been systematically *** aim to identify underdiagnosed monogenic stroke in an adult ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack(TIA)cohort(the Third China National Stroke Registry,CNSR-III).Methods Targeted next-generation sequencing for 181 genes associated with stroke was conducted on DNA samples from 10428 patients recruited through *** genetic and clinical data from electronic health records(EHRs)were reviewed for completion of the diagnostic *** assessed the percentages of individuals with pathogenic or likely pathogenic(P/LP)variants,and the diagnostic yield of pathogenic variants in known monogenic disease genes with associated *** In total,1953 individuals harboured at least one P/LP variant out of 10428 ***,792(7.6%)individuals(comprising 759 individuals harbouring one P/LP variant in one gene,29 individuals harbouring two or more P/LP variants in different genes and 4 individuals with two P/LP variants in ABCC6)were predicted to be at risk for one or more monogenic diseases based on the inheritance ***,230 of 792 individuals manifested a clinical phenotype in the EHR data to support the diagnosis of stroke with a monogenic *** most diagnosed Mendelian cause of stroke in the cohort was cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and *** were no relationships between age or family history and the incidence of first symptomatic monogenic stroke in *** The rate of monogenic cause of stroke was 2.2%after reviewing the clinical *** reasons that Mendelian causes of stroke may be missed in adult patients who had an ischaemic stroke/TIA include a late onset of stroke symptoms,combination with common vascular risks and the absence of a promine

关键词： patients transient likely

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Integrating artificial intelligence and high-throughput phenotyping for crop improvement

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第6期23卷 1787-1802页

作者： Mansoor Sheikh Farooq Iqra Hamadani Ambreen Kumar A Pravin Manzoor Ikra Yong Suk Chung Phenomics Laboratory Department of Plant Resources and EnvironmentJeju National UniversityJeju 63234Republic of Korea Council of Scientific&Industrial Research Indian Institute of Integrative MedicinePulwamaJ&K 192301India Animal and Dairy Science University of WisconsinMadisonWI 530706United States of America division of Fruit Science Faculty of HorticultureSher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of KashmirSrinagar 190025India

Crop improvement is crucial for addressing the global challenges of food security and sustainable *** advancements in high-throughput phenotyping(HTP)technologies and artificial intelligence(AI)have revolutionized the field,enabling rapid and accurate assessment of crop traits on a large *** integration of AI and machine learning algorithms with HTP data has unlocked new opportunities for crop *** algorithms can analyze and interpret large datasets,and extract meaningful patterns and correlations between phenotypic traits and genetic *** technologies have the potential to revolutionize plant breeding programs by providing breeders with efficient and accurate tools for trait selection,thereby reducing the time and cost required for variety ***,further research and collaboration are needed to overcome the existing challenges and fully unlock the power of HTP and AI in crop *** leveraging AI algorithms,researchers can efficiently analyze phenotypic data,uncover complex patterns,and establish predictive models that enable precise trait selection and crop *** aim of this review is to explore the transformative potential of integrating HTP and AI in crop *** review will encompass an in-depth analysis of recent advances and applications,highlighting the numerous benefits and challenges associated with HTP and AI.

关键词： artificial intelligence crop improvement data analysis high-throughput phenotyping machine learning precision agriculture trait selection

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A phase-field model for simulating the propagation behavior of mixed-mode cracks during the hydraulic fracturing process in fractured reservoirs

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 911-930页

作者： Dan ZHANG Liangping YI Zhaozhong YANG Jingqiang ZHANG Gang CHEN Ruoyu YANG Xiaogang LI State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500China State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChinaBayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture 841000Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Wuqi Oil Production plant Shaanxi Yanchang PetroleumXi'an 716000China Exploration division of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company Chengdu 610041China

A novel phase-field model for the propagation of mixed-mode hydraulic fractures,characterized by the formation of mixed-mode fractures due to the interactions between fluids and solids,is *** this model,the driving force for the phase field consists of both tensile and shear components,with the fluid contribution primarily manifesting in the tension driving *** displacement and pressure are solved simultaneously by an implicit *** numerical solution's iterative format is established by the finite element discretization and Newton-Raphson(NR)iterative *** correctness of the model is verified through the uniaxial compression physical experiments on fluid-pressurized rocks,and the limitations of the hydraulic fracture expansion phase-field model,which only considers mode I fractures,are *** addition,the influence of matrix mode II fracture toughness value,natural fracture mode II toughness value,and fracturing fluid injection rate on the hydraulic fracture propagation in porous media with natural fractures is studied.

关键词： mixed-mode crack hydraulic fracturing poro-elasticity phase-field method(PFM)

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Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 regulates bone development in growing BALB/c mice via gut microbiota and metabolites to balance bone formation and resorption

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Bowen Li Mengfan Ding Xiaoming Liu Haiqin Chen Jianxin Zhao R.Paul Ross Catherine Stanton Shilong Jiang Wei Chen Bo Yang nutrition and Metabolism Research division， Innovation Center， Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co.， Ltd. National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food， Jiangnan University State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology， Jiangnan University PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development APC Microbiome Ireland， University College Cork School of Food Science and Technology， Jiangnan University International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health， Jiangnan University Teagasc Food Research Centre

This study endeavors to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1078 on bone formation and resorption balance in growing BALB/c mice. Newborn BALB/c mice were assigned to the control group (administration saline) and the CCFM1078 group (administration B. breve CCFM1078， 3 × 109CFU/day) in 3-， 4-， and 5-week tests. All the groups have male and female distinctions. Our findings demonstrate that B. breve CCFM1078 exerts on the dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and resorption during the critical period of growth in mice by modulating the composition of gut microbiota and metabolites (hexadecanamide， linoleoyl ethanolamide， and palmitoyl ethanolamide)， the genes and proteins expression related to the GH/IGF-1 axis and Gs/PKA/CREB signaling pathways， as well as downstream osteogenic and osteoclastic differentiation factors. The effects of B. breve CCFM1078 were different with age and gender dependent. This finding suggests B. breve CCFM1078 may have potential applications in regulating bone metabolism in the growth period population.

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Albumin use in cirrhosis:a nephrology viewpoint on key considerations and cautionary notes

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition 2024年第3期13卷 536-539页

作者： Abhilash Koratala Amir Kazory division of Nephrology Department of MedicineMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA division of Nephrology Hypertension and Renal TransplantationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA

The constant need to reduce the variability of clinical practice and to improve the quality of care of the patients and their outcomes have led to the increasing emphasis on evidence-based *** there is a paucity of robust data on a specific topic or there are conflicting conclusions from available studies,clinical practice recommendations may prove helpful to fill the gap and assist with clinical *** are a variety of such recommendations,such as consensus statements,practice guidelines,and position statements,each with a specific set of methodology and *** statements are comprehensive documents meant to elucidate,justify,and recommend a particular approach to a clinical *** papers often present a detailed understanding of the issues in question,discuss the pros and cons of the available options,and provide the rationale for the position that is set *** other forms of clinical practice consensus,position statements innately provide information on the level of evidence and the strength of what the panel of experts agrees *** are several consensus group methods by which these statements can be *** is a systematic process to create and measure consensus,which is particularly well suited where input is required from a large number of geographically dispersed experts.

关键词： Cirrhosis hepatorenal albumin point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) ultrasound

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SMXL5 attenuates strigolactone signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana by inhibiting SMXL7 degradation

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Molecular plant 2024年第4期17卷 631-647页

作者： Qingtian Li Haiyang Yu Wenwen Chang Sunhyun Chang Michael Guzman Lionel Faure Eva-Sophie Wallner Heqin Yan Thomas Greb Lei Wang Ruifeng Yao David C.Nelson Department of Botany and plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideRiversideCA 2521USA Yazhouwan National Laboratory Sanya 572025China Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory Sanya 57205China State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental RegulationCollege of BiologyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Center for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShijiazhuangHebei 050021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 10004China School of the Sciences Biology DivisionTexas Woman’s UniversityDentonTX 76204USA Centre for Organismal Studies(COS) Heidelberg University6120 HeidelbergGermany

Hormone-activated proteolysis is a recurring theme of plant hormone signaling *** strigolactone signaling,the enzyme receptor DWARF14(D14)and an F-box protein,MORE AXILLARY GROWTH2(MAX2),mark SUPPRESSOR OF MAX21-LIKE(SMXL)family proteins SMXL6,SMXL7,and SMXL8 for rapid *** of these transcriptional corepressors initiates downstream growth *** homologous proteins SMXL3,SMXL4,and SMXL5,however,are resistant to MAX2-mediated *** discovered that the smxl4 smxl5 mutant has enhanced responses to ***5 attenuates strigolactone signaling by interfering with AtD14-SMXL7 ***5 interacts with AtD14 and SMXL7,providing two possible ways to inhibit SMXL7 ***5 function is partially dependent on an ethylene-responsive-element binding-factor-associated amphiphilic repression(EAR)motif,which typically mediates interactions with the TOPLESS family of transcriptional ***,we found that loss of the EAR motif reduces SMXL5-SMXL7 interactions and the attenuation of strigolactone signaling by *** hypothesize that integration of SMXL5 into heteromeric SMXL complexes reduces the susceptibility of SMXL6/7/8 proteins to strigolactone-activated degradation and that the EAR motif promotes the formation or stability of these *** mechanism may provide a way to spatially or temporally fine-tune strigolactone signaling through the regulation of SMXL5 expression or translation.

关键词： Arabidopsis typically inhibiting

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Does ischemia-free machine perfusion lead to early allograft dysfunction (EAD) free liver transplantation?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 678-680页

作者： Hani M.Wadei Kristopher P.Croome division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Department of TransplantMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA division of Transplant Surgery Department of TransplantMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA

Normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)is an innovative technique used in solid organ transplantation that involves perfusing the organ with specialized solution or leukocyte depleted red blood cells at near-normal body temperature aiming at mimicking physiological conditions,and providing optimal conditions for organ preservation which leads to reduced risk of ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI)when compared to the standard static cold storage(SCS)(1).One of the key advantages of NMP is its ability to assess the quality of the organ in real-time and assessment of the organ performance prior to *** continuously monitoring parameters such as blood flow,oxygen consumption,and lactate production,clinicians can evaluate the viability of the organ and make more informed decisions about its suitability for *** real-time assessment can help reduce the risk of transplanting organs that may not function optimally or have a higher likelihood of complications ***,NMP may expand the pool of donor organs by allowing for the use of organs that may have been deemed marginal or unsuitable for transplantation using traditional methods(1,2).

关键词： Early allograft dysfunction(EAD) normothermic machine perfusion(NMP) liver transplant outcomes

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