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Leafy head formation of the progenies of transgenic plants of Chinese cabbage with exogenous auxin genes

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Cell Research 2000年第2期10卷 151-160页

作者： HE YU KE WAN XIN XUE YU DONG SUN XU HONG YU PING LIN LIU(Fax:021-64042090 E-mail: heyk@iris. ***)(National Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics, ShanghaiInstitute of plant Physiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032, China) National Laboratory of plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

The experiment was performed to evaluate the progenies of plant lines transgenic for auxin synthesis genes derived from Ri T-DNA. Four lines of the transgenic plants were selfcrossed and the foreign auxin genes in plants of T5 generation were confirmed by Southern hybridization. Two lines, D1232 and D1653, showed earlier folding of expanding leaves than untransformed line and therefore had early initiation of leaf y head. Leaf cuttings derived from plant of transgenic line D1653 produced more adventitious roots than the control whereas the cuttings from folding leaves had much more roots than rosette leaves at folding stage, and the cuttings from head leaves had more roots than rosette leaves at heading stage. It is demonstrated that early folding of transgenic leaf may be caused by the relatively higher concentration of auxin. These plant lines with auxin transgenes can be used for the study of hormonal regulation in differentiation and development of plant organs nd for the breeding of new varietywith rapid growth trait.

关键词： Auxin genes Chinese cabbage leafy head transgenic plants

How plants sense and respond to osmotic stress

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 394-423页

作者： Bo Yu Dai-Yin Chao Yang Zhao Shanghai Center for plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of plant Carbon Capture The Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China National Key Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesInstitute of Plant Physiology and EcologyThe Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Drought is one of the most serious abiotic stresses to land plants.plants sense and respond to drought stress to survive under water deficiency.Scientists have studied how plants sense drought stress,or osmotic stress caused by drought,ever since Charles Darwin,and gradually obtained clues about osmotic stress sensing and signaling in plants.Osmotic stress is a physical stimulus that triggers many physiological changes at the cellular level,including changes in turgor,cell wall stiffness and integrity,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume,and plants may sense some of these stimuli and trigger downstream responses.In this review,we emphasized water potential and movements in organisms,compared putative signal inputs in cell wall-containing and cell wall-free organisms,prospected how plants sense changes in turgor,membrane tension,and cell fluid volume under osmotic stress according to advances in plants,animals,yeasts,and bacteria,summarized multilevel biochemical and physiological signal outputs,such as plasma membrane nanodomain formation,membrane water permeability,root hydrotropism,root halotropism,Casparian strip and suberin lamellae,and finally proposed a hypothesis that osmotic stress responses are likely to be a cocktail of signaling mediated by multiple osmosensors.We also discussed the core scientific questions,provided perspective about the future directions in this field,and highlighted the importance of robust and smart root systems and efficient source-sink allocations for generating future high-yield stress-resistant crops and plants.

关键词： cell volume drought membrane tension osmotic stress turgor

Leveraging the potential of big genomic and phenotypic data for genome-wide association mapping in wheat

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 803-813页

作者： Moritz Lell Yusheng Zhao Jochen C.Reif Leibniz Institute of plant genetics and Crop plant Research(IPK) Corrensstraße 3D-06466 SeelandGermany

Genome-wide association mapping studies(GWAS)based on Big Data are a potential approach to improve marker-assisted selection in plant breeding.The number of available phenotypic and genomic data sets in which medium-sized populations of several hundred individuals have been studied is rapidly increasing.Combining these data and using them in GWAS could increase both the power of QTL discovery and the accuracy of estimation of underlying genetic effects,but is hindered by data heterogeneity and lack of interoperability.In this study,we used genomic and phenotypic data sets,focusing on Central European winter wheat populations evaluated for heading date.We explored strategies for integrating these data and subsequently the resulting potential for GWAS.Establishing interoperability between data sets was greatly aided by some overlapping genotypes and a linear relationship between the different phenotyping protocols,resulting in high quality integrated phenotypic data.In this context,genomic prediction proved to be a suitable tool to study relevance of interactions between genotypes and experimental series,which was low in our case.Contrary to expectations,fewer associations between markers and traits were found in the larger combined data than in the individual experimental series.However,the predictive power based on the marker-trait associations of the integrated data set was higher across data sets.Therefore,the results show that the integration of medium-sized to Big Data is an approach to increase the power to detect QTL in GWAS.The results encourage further efforts to standardize and share data in the plant breeding community.

关键词： Big Data Genome-wide association study Data integration Genomic prediction Wheat

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nifH Promoter Activity Is Regulated by DNA Supercoiling in Sinorhizobium meliloti

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第4期37卷 221-226页

作者： Yan-Jie LIU Biao HU Jia-Bi ZHU Shan-Jiong SHEN Guan-Qiao YU National Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics,Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China National Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

In prokaryotes,DNA supercoiling regulates the expression of many genes;for example,theexpression of Klebsiella pneumoniae nifLA operon depends on DNA negative supercoiling in anaerobicallygrown cells,which indicates that DNA supercoiling might play a role in gene regulation of the anaerobicresponse.Since the expression of the nifH promoter in Sinorhizobium meliloti is not repressed by oxygen,itis proposed that the status of DNA supercoiling may not affect the expression of the nifH promoter.Wetested this hypothesis by analyzing nifH promoter activity in wild-type and gyr Escherichia coli in thepresence and absence of DNA gyrase inhibitors.Our results show that gene expression driven by the S.meliloti nifH promoter requires the presence of active DNA gyrase.Because DNA gyrase increases thenumber of negative superhelical turns in DNA in the presence of ATP,our data indicate that negativesupercoiling is also important for nifH promoter activity.Our study also shows that the DNA supercoiling-dependent S.meliloti nifH promoter activity is related to the trans-acting factors NtrC and NifA that activateit.DNA supercoiling appeared to have a stronger effect on NtrC-activated nifH promoter activity than onNifA-activated promoter activity.Collectively,these results from the S.meliloti nifH promoter model systemseem to indicate that,in addition to regulating gene expression during anaerobic signaling,DNA supercoilingmay also provide a favorable topology for trans-acting factor binding and promoter activation regardless ofoxygen status.

关键词： nifH DNA supercoiling gyrase Sinorhizobium meliloti gene expression

Expressional Analysis of an EREBP Transcription Factor Gene OsEBP-89 in Rice

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第1期36卷 21-26页

作者： Hui SHEN and Zong-Yang WANG( The State Key Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics, Institute of plant Physiology & Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China ) The State Key Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

OsEBP-89 gene encodes an ethylene responsive element binding protein (EREBP) transcription factor from rice (Oryza sativa). Northern blot analysis revealed that OsEBP-89 was expressed in root, stem, seeds, flowers and leaves. Histochemical assay showed that β-glucuronidase (GUS) was expressed mainly in phloem of vascular tissues of the root and stem transition region (RST), basal part of sheath roots, stem node and basal part of adventitious roots, also in endosperm of seeds in transgenic rice harboring OsEBP-89/GUS construct (pNSG). A sequence region from -279 to -97 was found to play an important role for OsEBP-89 gene expression through promoter deletion assay. The possible function of OsEBP-89 gene was discussed.

关键词： OsEBP-89 gene rice EREBP subfamily transcription factor tissue expression

Perenniality:From model plants to applications in agriculture

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Molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 141-157页

作者： Bo Zhao Jia-Wei Wang National Key Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences(CEMPS)Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology(SIPPE)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Shanghai 200032China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Key Laboratory of plant Carbon Capture CASShanghai 200032China New Cornerstone Science Laboratory Shanghai 200032China

To compensate for their sessile nature,plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms enabling them to adapt to ever-changing environments.One such prominent feature is the evolution of diverse life history strategies,particularly such that annuals reproduce once followed by seasonal death,while perennials live longer by cycling growth seasonally.This intrinsic phenology is primarily genetic and can be altered by environmental factors.Although evolutionary transitions between annual and perennial life history strategies are common,perennials account for most species in nature because they survive well under year-round stresses.This proportion,however,is reversed in agriculture.Hence,perennial crops promise to likewise protect and enhance the resilience of agricultural ecosystems in response to climate change.Despite significant endeavors that have been made to generate perennial crops,progress is slow because of barriers in studying perennials,and many developed species await further improvement.Recent findings in model species have illustrated that simply rewiring existing genetic networks can lead to lifestyle variation.This implies that engineering plant life history strategy can be achieved by manipulating only a few key genes.In this review,we summarize our current understanding of genetic basis of perenniality and discuss major questions and challenges that remain to be addressed.

关键词： perenniality developmental plasticity flowering time poplar Arabis alpina perennial crops life history strategy

Wood of trees:Cellular structure,molecular formation,and genetic engineering

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Journal of Integrative plant Biology 2024年第3期66卷 443-467页

作者： Yingying Zhu Laigeng Li State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China National Key Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China

Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature,making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing.Additionally,wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants.Nevertheless,with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization,forest coverage has been substantially decreased,resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply.Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests.Thus,understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality,fast-growing plantation trees.Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many.Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular,genetic,and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation,and considerable progress and findings have been achieved.These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement.This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation,as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees,and address future development prospects.

关键词： cambium cell wall Populus wood formation xylem

Sinorhizobium meliloti nifA mutant induces different gene expression profile from wild type in Alfalfa nodules

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Cell Research 2006年第10期16卷 818-829页

作者： Zi Ying Gong~1 Zhi Shui He~1 Jia Bi Zhu~1 Guan Qiao Yu~1 Hua Song Zou~1 ~1National Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics,Shanghai Institute of plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institutes.for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200032,China National Laboratory of plant Molecular genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Several studies have demonstrated that the Rhizobium nifA gene is an activator of nitrogen fixation acting in nodulebacteria.To understand the effects of the Sinorhizobium meliloti nifA gene on Alfalfa,the cDNA-AFLP technique wasemployed to study the changes in gene expression in nifA mutant nodules.Among the approximately 3,000 transcript-derived fragments,37 had differential expression levels.These expression levels were subsequently confirmed by reverseNorthern blot and RT-polymerase chain reaction.Sequence analyses revealed that 21 cDNA fragments corresponded togenes involved in signal communication,protein degradation,nutrient metabolism,cell growth and development.

关键词： cDNA-AFLP gene expression nodule Sinorhizobium meliloti nifA

Genome-wide identification,characterization and functional prediction of the SRS gene family in sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第2期9卷 69-80页

作者： Farjana Afroz Susmi Tasmina Islam Simi Md Nahid Hasan Md Abdur Rahim Department of genetics and plant Breeding Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural UniversityDhaka1207Bangladesh

Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.)is an ancient oilseed crop of the Pedaliaceae family with high oil content and potential health benefits.SHI RELATED SEQUENCE(SRS)proteins are the transcription factors(TFs)specific to plants that contain RING-like zinc finger domain and are associated with the regulation of several physiological and biochemical processes.They also play vital roles in plant growth and development such as root formation,leaf development,floral development,hormone biosynthesis,signal transduction,and biotic and abiotic stress responses.Nevertheless,the SRS gene family was not reported in sesame yet.In this study,identification,molecular characterization,phylogenetic relationship,cis-acting regulatory elements,protein-protein interaction,syntenic relationship,duplication events and expression pattern of SRS genes were analyzed in S.indicum.We identified total six SiSRS genes on seven different linkage groups in the S.indicum genome by comparing with the other species,including the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.The SiSRS genes showed variation in their structure like2–5 exons and 1–4 introns.Like other species,SiSRS proteins also contained‘RING-like zinc finger'and‘LRP1'domains.Then,the SiSRS genes were clustered into subclasses via phylogenetic analysis with proteins of S.indicum,A.thaliana,and some other plant species.The cis-acting regulatory elements analysis revealed that the promoter region of SiSRS4(SIN_1011561)showed the highest 13 and 16 elements for light-and phytohormone-responses whereas,SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)showed the highest 15 elements for stress-response.The ABREs,or ABA-responsive elements,were found in a maximum of 8 copies in the SiSRS3(SIN 1009100).Moreover,the available RNA-seq based expression of SiSRS genes revealed variation in expression patterns between stress-treated and non-treated samples,especially in drought and salinity conditions in.S.indicum.Two SiSRS genes like SiSRS1(SIN_1015187)and SiSRS5(SIN_1021065),also exhibited variable expression patterns between control vs PEG-tre

关键词： SiSRS gene family SHI Transcription factor Characterization Sesamum indicum