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Antimalarial potential of kolaviron,a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seeds,against Plasmodium berghei infection in Swiss albino mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第2期7卷 97-104页

作者： Adaramoyc Oluwatosin Akinpelu Tolulope Kosoko Ayokulchin Okoric Patricia Kehinde Aderemi Falade Catherine Ademowo Olusegun Biochemistry department University of IbadanUniversity wayOyo-OjooRoadIbadanIbadan.Oyo/South-West 20005Nigeria pharmacology department University of IbadanUniversity way.Oyo-OjooRoadIbadanIbadanOyo/South-West 20005Nigeria Medical Microbiology department.university of ibadan University wayOyo-OjooRoadIbadanIbadanOyo/South-West 20005Nigeria pharmacology and iamrat department.university of ibadan University wayOyo-OjooRoad.IbadanIbadanOyo/South-West 20005.Nigeria

Objective:To investigate the antimalarial potential of kolaviron(KV),a biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola seeds,against Plasmodium berghei(***)infection in Swiss albino ***:The study consists of seven groups of ten mice *** I,II and III were normal mice that received com ***1 and chloroquine(CQ),*** IV,V,ⅥandⅦwere infected mice that received corn ***,KYI and ***1 and KV2were given at 10-,100-and 200-mg/kg daily,respectively for three consecutive ***:Administration of KV1 and KV2 significantly(P<0.05)suppressed ***-infection in the mice by 85%and 90%.respectively,while CQ produced 87%suppression relative to untreated infected group after the fifth day of ***,KV2 significantly(P<0.05)increased the mean survival time of the infected mice by 175%.The biflavonoid prevented a drastic reduction in HCV from day4 of treatment,indicating its efficacy in ameliorating ***(P<0.05)oxidative stress assessed by the elevation of serum and hepatic malondialdehydewere observed in unlrealed ***-infected ***,senum and hepatic malondialdehyde levels increased by93%and 78%,resjiectively in the unlrealed infecled ***,antioxidant indices,viz;superoxide ***,*** peroxidase and reduced gluathione decreased significantly(P<0.05)in the tissues of untreated ***-infected *** significantly(P<0.05)ameliorated the ***-induced decrease in antioxidant status of the infected ***:This study shows that kolaviron,especially at 200 mg/kg,has high antimalarial activities in ***-infected mice,in addition to its known antioxidant properties.

关键词： Antimalaria Antioxidant Biflavonoid Kolaviron Plasmodium berghei

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Expanded Scope of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)Vaccine Applicability in Disease Prophylaxis,Diagnostics,and Immunotherapeutics

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2020年第4期2卷 144-150页

作者： Oluwafolajimi A.Adesanya Christabel I.Uche-Orji Yeshua A.Adedeji John I.Joshua Adeniyi A.Adesola Chibuike J.Chukwudike Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training(iamrat) College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Medicine College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria.

Following the discovery of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG)vaccine,its efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was soon established,with several countries adopting universal BCG vaccination schemes for their ***,however,studies aimed to further establish the efficacy of the vaccine in different populations discovered that the vaccine has a larger effect in reducing mortality rate than could be explained by its effect on tuberculosis alone,which sparked suggestions that the BCG vaccine could have effects on other unrelated or non-mycobacterial pathogens causing diseases in *** effects were termed heterologous,non-specific or off-target effects and have been shown to be due to both innate and adaptive immune system *** carried out in a bid to further understand these effects led to many more discoveries about the applicability of the BCG vaccine for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of certain disease *** we approach the second century since the discovery of the vaccine,we believe it is timely to review these interesting applications of the BCG vaccine,such as in the prevention of diabetes,atherosclerosis,and leukemia;the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease;and the treatment of multiple sclerosis,non-muscle invading bladder cancer,and stage III ***,complications associated with the administration of the BCG vaccine to certain groups of patients,including those with severe combined immunodeficiency and HIV,have been well described in literature,and we conclude by describing the mechanisms behind these complications and discuss their implications on vaccination strategies,especially in low-resource settings.

关键词： BCG autoimmunity immunotherapeutics complications non-specific effects

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Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemetherlumefantrine on malaria-associated anaemia in Nigerian children aged two years and under

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 622-635页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Kazeem Akano Adejumoke I.Ayede Godwin Ntadom Elsie O.Adewoye Bayo Fatunmbi Temitope Aderoyeje department of pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Paediatrics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanNigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificPhnom PenhCambodia department of Clinical pharmacology University College HospitalIbadanNigeria

Background:Artemisinin-based combination therapies are recommended as first-line treatments for uncomplicated falciparum malaria,but there is little evaluation of their efficacy and effects on uncomplicated malaria-associated anaemia in children aged 2 years and ***:Parasitological efficacy and effects on malaria-associated anaemia were evaluated in 250 malarious children aged 2 years and under,and efficacy was evaluated in 603 malarious children older than two but younger than 5 years of age following treatment with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA)or artemether-lumefantrine(AL).Kinetics of the disposition of parasitaemia following treatment were evaluated using a non-compartment ***-appearing anaemia(LAA)was diagnosed using the following criteria:clearance of parasitaemia,fever and other symptoms occurring within 7 days of starting treatment,adequate clinical and parasitological response on days 28–42,haematocrit(HCT)≥30%at 1 and/or 2 weeks,a fall in HCT to<30%occurring at 3–6 weeks,absence of concomitant illness at 1–6 weeks,and absence of asexual parasitaemia detected using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)at 1–6 ***:Overall,in children aged 2 years and under,the PCR-corrected parasitological efficacy was 97.2%(95%CI 92.8–101.6),which was similar for both *** children older than 2 years,parasitological efficacy was also similar for both treatments,but parasite prevalence 1 day after treatment began was significantly higher,and fever and parasite clearance times were significantly faster in the AA-treated children compared with the AL-treated *** in parasitaemia were monoexponential with an estimated elimination half-time of 1 *** half-times were similar for both *** children aged 2 years and under who were anaemic at presentation,the mean anaemia recovery time was 12.1 days(95%CI 10.6–13.6,n=127),which was similar for both *** asymptomatic LAA occurred in 11 childr

关键词： Falciparum malaria Malaria-related anaemia Young children Artemisinin-based combination therapies Nigeria

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Evaluation of the anti-diabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens seed extract

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第8期4卷 632-636页

作者： Stephen O Majekodunmi Ademola A Oyagbemi Solomon Umukoro Oluwatoyin A Odeku department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of UyoUyoNigeria department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry & PharmacologyUniversity of IbadanNigeria department of pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Objective:To explore the antidiabetic properties of Mucuna pruriens(***).Methods: Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by single intravenous injection of 120 mg/kg of alloxan monohydrate and different doses of the extract were administered to diabetic *** blood glucose level was determined using a glucometer and results were compared with normal and untreated diabetic *** acute toxicity was also determined in albino ***:Results showed that the administration of 5,10,20,30,40,50,and 100 mg/kg of the crude ethanolic extract of *** seeds to alloxan-induced diabetic rats(plasma glucose > 450 mg/dL) resulted in 18.6%,24.9%,30.8%,41.4%,49.7%,53.1%and 55.4%reduction,respectively in blood glucose level of the diabetic rats after 8h of treatment while the administration of glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day) resulted in 59.7%*** administration of the extract resulted in a significant dose dependent reduction in the blood glucose level(P<0.001).It also showed that the antidiabetic activity of *** seeds resides in the methanolic and ethanolic fractions of the *** toxicity studies indicated that the extract was relatively safe at low doses,although some adverse reactions were observed at higher doses(8-32 mg/kg body weight),no death was ***,oral administration of *** seed extract also significandy reduced the weight loss associated with ***:The study clearly supports the traditional use of *** for the treatment of diabetes and indicates that the plant could be a good source of potent antidiabetic drug.

关键词： Antidiabetic Mucuna pruriens Hypoglycemic activity Toxicity Diabetes mellitus

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Assessing resources for implementing a community directed intervention (CDI) strategy in delivering multiple health interventions in urban poor communities in Southwestern Nigeria: a qualitative study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2013年第1期2卷 195-212页

作者： Ikeoluwapo O Ajayi Ayodele S Jegede Catherine O Falade Johannes Sommerfeld Epidemiology and Biostatistics Research Unit Institute of Medical Research and TrainingCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Sociology The Faculty of Social SciencesUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of pharmacology and Therapeutics College of MedicineUniversity of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases(TDR) World Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland

Background:Many simple,affordable and effective disease control measures have had limited impact due to poor access especially by the poorer populations(urban and rural)and inadequate community participation.A proven strategy to address the problem of access to health interventions is the Community Directed Interventions(CDI)approach,which has been used successfully in rural *** study was carried out to assess resources for the use of a CDI strategy in delivering health interventions in poorly-served urban communities in ibadan,***:A formative study was carried out in eight urban poor communities in the ibadan metropolis in the Oyo *** methods comprising 12 focus group discussions(FGDs)with community members and 73 key informant interviews(KIIs)with community leaders,programme managers,community-based organisations(CBOs),non-government organisations(NGOs)and other stakeholders at federal,state and local government levels were used to collect data to determine prevalent diseases and healthcare delivery services,as well as to explore the potential resources for a CDI *** interviews were audio *** analysis was used to analyse the ***:Malaria,upper respiratory tract infection,diarrhoea and measles were found to be prevalent in children,while hypertension and diabetes topped the list of diseases among *** was financed mainly by out-of-pocket *** and location were identified as hindrances to utilisation of health facilities;informal cooperatives(esusu)were available to support those who could not pay for ***,nutrition,reproductive health,tuberculosis(TB)and leprosy,environmental health,malaria and HIV/AIDs control programmes were the ongoing *** strategies included house-to-house,home-based treatment,health education and *** participation in the planning,implementation and monitoring of development projects was reported as common practic

关键词： Community directed intervention Urban poor Health interventions Community participation

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Therapeutic efficacy and effects of artemisinin-based combination treatments on uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria-associated anaemia in Nigerian children during seven years of adoption as first-line treatments

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 315-334页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Adejumoke I.Ayede Folasade O.Ibironke Temitope Aderoyeje Elsie O.Adewoye Bayo Fatunmbi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Ismaila Watila Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian T.Happi department of pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria National Malaria Elimination Programme Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria department of Paediatrics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Clinical pharmacology University College HospitalIbadanNigeria department of Physiology University of IbadanIbadanNigeria World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western PacificKhan Daun PenhPhnom PenhCambodia department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria department of Paediatrics Institute of Child HealthUniversity of Nigeria Teaching HospitalEnuguNigeria department of Paediatrics Specialist HospitalMaiduguriBorno SateNigeria department of Paediatrics University of CalabarCalabarCross Rivers StateNigeria Nigeria Institute of Medical Research YabaLagosNigeria department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria department of Biological Sciences Redeemer’s UniversityEdeOsun StateNigeria

Background:Artemisinin-based combination treatments(ACTs)are the first-line treatments of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in many endemic areas but there are few evaluation of their efficacy in anaemic malarious ***:Therapeutic efficacy of 3-day regimens of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine was evaluated in 437 anaemic and 909 non-anaemic malarious children following treatment during a seven-year period(2008-2014).Patterns of temporal changes in haematocrit were classified based on haematocrit values<30%and≥30%.Kinetics of the disposition of the deficit in haematocrit from 30%following treatment were evaluated using a non-compartment ***:PCR-corrected parasitological efficacy 28 days after start of treatment was significantly higher in artesunateamodiaquine-compared to artemether-lumefantrine-treated children[97%(95%CI:92.8-100)versus 96.4%(95%CI:91.3-99.4),P=0.02],but it was similar in non-anaemic and anaemic *** in haematocrit/1000 asexual parasites cleared from peripheral blood was significantly greater at lower compared to higher parasitaemias(P<0.0001),and in non-anaemic compared to anaemic children(P=0.007).In anaemic children at presentation,mean anaemia recovery time(AnRT)was 15.4 days(95%CI:13.3-17.4)and it did not change over the *** in haematocrit deficits from 30%were monoexponential with mean estimated half-time of 1.4 days(95%CI:1.2-1.6).Anaemia half-time(t_(1/2anaemia))correlated positively with AnRT in the same patients(r=0.69,P<0.0001).Bland-Altman analysis of 10 multiples of t_(1/2anaemia) and AnRT showed narrow limit of agreement with insignificant bias(P=0.07)suggesting both can be used interchangeably in the same ***:Artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine remain efficacious treatments of uncomplicated *** infections in non-anaemic and anaemic Nigerian children in the last 7 years of adoption as first-line *** ACTs may also

关键词： Malaria-associated anaemia “Haematocrit conservation” Artemisinin-based combination treatments Children Nigeria

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Declining responsiveness of childhood Plasmodium falciparum infections to artemisinin-based combination treatments ten years following deployment as first-line antimalarials in Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第4期8卷 96-97页

作者： Akintunde Sowunmi Godwin Ntadom Kazeem Akano Folasade O.Ibironke Adejumoke I.Ayede Chimere Agomo Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Christian Happi Stephen Oguche Henrietta U.Okafor Martin Meremikwu Philip Agomo William Ogala Ismaila Watila Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Wellington Oyibo Francis Useh Temitope Aderoyeje Titilope M.Dokunmu Omobolaji T.Alebiosu Sikiru Amoo Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Chukwuebuka Okafor Odafe Akpoborie Bayo Fatunmbi Elsie O.Adewoye Nnenna M.Ezeigwe Ayoade Oduola Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria department of pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria 不详

Background:The development and spread of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Greater Mekong Subregion has created impetus for continuing global monitoring of efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies(ACTs). This post analyses is aimed to evaluate changes in early treatment response markers 10 years after the adoption of ACTs as first-line treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in ***: At 14 sentinel sites in six geographical areas of Nigeria, we evaluated treatment responses in 1341 children under 5 years and in additional 360 children under 16 years with uncomplicated malaria enrolled in randomized trials of artemether-lumefantrine versus artesunate-amodiaquine at 5-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015 and at 2-year interval in 2009-2010 and 2012-2015, respectively after deployment in ***: Asexual parasite positivity 1 day after treatment initiation (APPD1) rose from 54 to 62% and 2 days after treatment initiation from 5 to 26% in 2009-2010 to 2014-2015(P=0.002 and P 75 000 μl^-1, haematocrit > 27% 1 day post-treatment initiatiortreatment with artemether-lumefantrine and enrolment in 2014-2015 independently predicted APPD1. In paralle , Kaplan-Meier estimated risk of recurrent infections by day 28 rose from 8 to 14% (P=0005) and from 9 to 15%(P=0.02) with artemether-lumefantrine and artesunate-amodiaquine, respectively. Mean asexual parasitaemia half-life increased significantly from 1.1 h to 1.3h within 2 years (P<0.0001).Conclusions:These data indicate declining parasitological responses through time to the two ACTs may be due to emergence of parasites with r

关键词： Declining responsiveness Falciparum malaria Children Artemisinin-based combination treatment Nigeria

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Parasite reduction ratio one day after initiation of artemisinin-based combination therapies and its relationship with parasite clearance time in acutely malarious children

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 1270-1283页

作者： Kazeem Akano Godwin Ntadom Chimere Agomo Christian T.Happi Onikepe A.Folarin Grace O.Gbotosho Olugbenga Mokuolu Finomo Finomo Joy C.Ebenebe Nma Jiya Jose Ambe Robinson Wammanda George Emechebe Oluwabunmi K.Basorun Olubunmi A.Wewe Sikiru Amoo Nnenna Ezeigwe Stephen Oguche Bayo Fatunmbi Akintunde Sowunmi department of pharmacology and Therapeutics University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Antimalarial Therapeutic Efficacy Monitoring Group National Malaria Elimination ProgrammeThe Federal Ministry of HealthAbujaNigeria department of Medical Laboratory Science University of LagosLagosNigeria department of Biological Sciences and African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases(ACEGID) Redeemer UniversityEdeNigeria Institute for Medical Research and Training University of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria department of Paediatrics University of IlorinIlorinNigeria department of Paediatrics Federal Medical CentreYenagoaNigeria department of Paediatrics Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaNigeria department of Paediatrics Uthman Dan Fodio UniversitySokotoNigeria department of Paediatrics University of MaiduguriMaiduguriNigeria department of Paediatrics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZariaNigeria department of Paediatrics Imo State University Teaching HospitalOrluNigeria department of Paediatrics University of JosJosNigeria World Health Organization Country OfficeKampalaUganda

Background:In acute falciparum malaria,asexual parasite reduction ratio two days post-treatment initiation(PRRD2)≥10000 per cycle has been used as a measure of the rapid clearance of parasitaemia and efficacy of artemisinin ***,there is little evaluation of alternative measures;for example,parasite reduction ratio one day after treatment initiation(PRRD1)and its relationship with parasite clearance time(PCT)or *** study evaluated the use of PRRD1 as a measure of responsiveness to antimalarial ***:In acutely malarious children treated with artesunate-amodiaquine(AA),artemether-lumefantrine(AL)or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine(DHP),the relationships between PRRD1 or PRRD2 and PCT,and between PRRD1 and PRRD2 were evaluated using linear *** between estimates of PCT using PRRD1 and PRRD2 linear regression equations was evaluated using the Bland-Altman *** of PRRD1>5000 per half cycle and PRRD2≥10000 per cycle were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression *** the linear regression equation of the relationship between PRRD1 and PCT previously generated in half of the DHP-treated children during the early study phase,PCT estimates were compared in a prospective blinded manner with PCTs determined by microscopy during the later study phase in the remaining ***:In 919 malarious children,PRRD1 was significantly higher in DHP-and AA-treated compared with AL-treated children(P15months,parasitaemia>10000/μl and DHP treatment independently predicted PRRD1>5000 per half cycle,while age>30months,haematocrit≥31%,body temperature>37.4°C,parasi

关键词： Falciparum malaria Artemisinin-based combination therapies Parasite clearance Children Nigeria

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The antiplasmodial effect of the extracts and formulated capsules of Phyllanthus amarus on Plasmodium yoelii infection in mice

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第4期4卷 283-287页

作者： Tolulope O Ajala Cecilia I Igwilo Ibrahim A Oreagba Oluwatoyin A Odeku department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyOlabisi Onabanjo University department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Lagos department of pharmacology College of MedicineUniversity of Lagos department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Ibadan

Objective:To investigate the antiplasmodial activity of the extracts of Phyllanthus amarus(P. amarus) on Plasmodium yoelii(***)(a resistant malaria parasite strain used in animal stuthes) infection in ***:The aqueous and ethanol extracts of the whole plant of Phyllanthus amarus was administered to Swiss albino mice at doses of 200 mg/kg/day,400 mg/ kg/day,800 mg/kg/day and 1 600 mg/kg/day and the prophylactic and chemotherapeutic effect of the extracts against *** infection in mice was investigated and compared with those of standard antimalaria drugs used in the treatment of malaria parasite *** toxicity test was carried out in mice to determine the safety of the plant extract when administered orally. Results:The results showed that the extracts demonstrated a dose-dependent prophylactic and chemotherapeutic activity with the aqueous extracts showing slightly higher effect than the ethanol *** antiplasmodial effects of the extracts were comparable to the standard prophylactic and chemotherapeutic drugs used in chloroquine resistant Plasmodium infection although the activity depended on the dose of the extract *** extracts showed prophylactic effect by significantly delaying the onset of infection with the suppression of 79% at a dose of 1 600 mg/kg/***:The results obtained indicate that the extracts of the whole plant of *** possess repository and chemotherapeutic effects against resistant strains of *** in Swiss albino *** findings justify the use of the extract of *** in traditional medicine practice,for the treatment of malaria infections.

关键词： Antiplasmodial activity Phyllanthus amarus Plasmodium yoelli Artesunate/amodiaquine Pyrimethamine

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Diazinon-Induced Clastogenity and Pathological Changes in Ovaries and Testes of Clarias gariepinus

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Agricultural Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 146-151页

作者： Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies Adekemi Florence Fagbohun Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe Olanike Kudirat Adeyemo department of Veterinary Physiology Biochemistry and Pharmacology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Fish and Wildlife Unit Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria department of Veterinary Pathology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

In most tropical developing countries, one of the problems facing aquaculture industry is the pollution of ponds and rivers with pesticides. Chemicals such as diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, originating from agricultural activity enter the aquatic environment through atmospheric deposition, surface run-off or leaching. Pollutants enter the food chain through accumulation in soft bottom sediment and aquatic organisms. However, information on how these pesticides affect inhabiting organisms is often not available. In a triplicate experimental set-up, seventy-two (72) apparently healthy catfish comprising adult and juvenile of both sexes were therefore exposed to a previously determined no effect concentration (0.405 ppm) of diazinon. Another set of fish was exposed to 0.0625 μg sodium arsenite, a known clastogen, which was used as the positive control, while another set of catfish exposed to the culture water alone was the negative control. Adults and juveniles were exposed separately to avoid cannibalism. After 48 hours of exposure, micronuclei induction was determined in subsets of experimental groups, while exposure continued for 28 days. Catfish organs were harvested on days 21 and 28 to determine the effect of long-term exposure to diazinon on histology. Water quality was also monitored before and during exposure in the experimental groups. The result established a significantly high mean micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (15.00) in catfish exposed to diazinon suggesting genetic damage (normal is ≤4). The MPE in sodium arsenite exposed fish was 28, while that of the control group was below 4. Effect of sex and age on micronuclei induction was not significant. Histological alteration observed in the ovary and testis was distorted matured cells and extensive testicular degeneration, respectively. The results show that diazinon has clastogenic effect, and may have endocrine disrupting properties because of the histological changes induced in the ovar

关键词： Catfish Diazinon Clastogenicity Aquaculture

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