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The effect of water spreading system on the functionality of rangeland ecosystems

Journal of Arid Land 2012年第3期4卷 292-299页

作者： Mohammad Rahim FOROUZEH Mohsen SHARAFATMANDRAD phd student of Rangeland Science Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources Gorgan 49138-15739 Iran

In recent decades, the control of floods is an efficient management practice for the rehabilitation of rangelands in most arid and semiarid areas. To evaluate the benefits, we used the Landscape Function Analysis （LFA） method to assess the function of patches and qualitative capability of a rangeland ecosystem in Gareh By- gone region, Fars province, southwestern Iran. Landscape functionality depends on soil, water and nutrient （col- lectively called ＂resources＂） conservation and use within a given ecosystem. Many landscapes are naturally het- erogeneous in terms of resource control and possess patches, where resources tend to accumulate, and in- ter-patches. Assessing rangeland health and function of landscape patches in response to environment and man- agement can give rise to correct management decisions for qualitative improvement of the ecosystem. Therefore, our study area was divided into two parts, i.e. water spreading and control parts, and sampling was done using LFA method in each part separately. Structural parameters, including the number, length and width of patches, and the mean length of inter-patches, were determined by the method to characterize the functional status of the monitoring sites. For each patch/inter-patch type identified in the transect organization log, we recorded its soil surface proper- ties classified according to the Soil Surface Assessment Method. The density, canopy cover and composition of plants were then assessed. The results showed that the number of ecological patches and their dimensions were significantly increased in the water spreading site. Soil stability and the values of nutrient cycling indices were in- creased but the infiltration values were decreased in the water spreading site. It could be related to the effect of suspended materials transported by floods to the soils in the study area. The improvement of ecological patches and rangeland ecosystem was achieved where water spreading systems were practiced. Theref

关键词： ecological patch landscape function analysis water spreading arid lands

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Deferred Executive Compensation Policies in Chinese State-owned Enterprises

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China & World Economy 2007年第4期15卷 102-117页

作者： Min Ju phd student John Cook School of Business Saint Louis University USA. Email: yulanju@***.

Since the commencement of industrial reform in Chinna, most CHinese state-owneu enterprises have adopted a deferred executive compensation policy to provide incentives for their management teams. However, the effectiveness of such a policy needs to be evaluated In this paper, we specify a model of deferred executive compensation policy, in which the compensation for executives is contingent on firms ＇future revenue. The model suggests that under deferred executive compensation policies, managers exhibit an increasing level of effort in every period Furthermore, the deferred compensation policy encourages managers to make long-term investments, which might generate revenue even after the termination of managerial contracts.

关键词： Chinese industrial reform deferred compensation policy executive compensation

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A New Economic Growth Option for China

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China's Foreign Trade 2005年第4期 56-57页

作者： Lusine Ghazaryan phd student of School of World Economics

It is knowledge and/or technology that has changed the world's development course and has become the engine of social, economic and cultural development in every country.

关键词：中国经济增长率经济结构知识经济国际经济合作外商直接投资

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China's Construction Land Expansion and Economic Growth:A Capital-output Ratio Based Analysis

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China & World Economy 2008年第6期16卷 46-62页

作者： Huizhong Li Feng Yin Jialun Li Professor Fudan University Shanghai China Agriculture Bank of China Shanghai China phd student Wharton School University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Since 2003, the Chinese Government has included land policy as an important component of macroeconomic policy. The present paper analyzes the impact of the expansion of construction land on economic growth in terms of the capital-output ratio. Using provincial panel data for China from 1999to 2005, we conclude that the excess expansion of China＇s construction land led to an increase in the capital-output ratio. Therefore, expanding construction land has made little contribution to economic growth. This paper argues that contractionary land policy does not deter high economic growth, and is a necessary condition for sustainable economic growth.

关键词： capital-output ratio construction land economic growth land policy

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Causes of Inflation in China:Inflation Expectations

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China & World Economy 2011年第3期19卷 18-32页

作者： Liping He Qianwen Liu Department of Finance School of Economics and Business Administration Beijing Normal University Beijing China phd student School of Economics and Business Administration Beijing Normal University Beijing China

This paper argues that the main causes of inflation in China since the early 21st century are changes in the public＇s inflation expectations. The conventional wisdom, the quantity theory of money, may not be adequate to capture the relationship between price changes and money supply growth, as the economic system evolves and people ＂s income and wealth grow. An examination of China＇s GDP deflator and broad money supply relative to nominal GDP shows that the relationship between the two series is relatively weak. A further examination of China＇s monthly CPI series over the period 2001-2010 reveals that the autoregressive models are a better fit than the moving average models, which suggests that the role of CPl expectations has been significant and important. Because of the importance of inflation expectations in CP1 movement, we believe the Central Bank＇s monetary policy that targets CPI inflation should emphasize the use of policy instruments that have direct and strong communication links with the public. Quantitative measures would have their own use, but their effectiveness would be unlikely to match that of interest rate measures, especially from a short-term perspective.

关键词： inflation inflation expectations monetary policy

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Knowledge Capital Globalization and Modern Multinational Monopoly

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China International Studies 2008年第1期28卷 119-129页

作者： Tan Xiaoqin Zeng Guoping phd student at the Center of Science Technology and Society Tsinghua University Professor and Supervisor for phd students at the Center of Science Technology and Society Tsinghua University

Knowledge-based economy or knowledge economy is in essence characterized by knowledge capitalization resulting from the constant and contradictory movement between the shared knowledge and the ownership patterns of kn... 详细信息

关键词：跨国公司知识经济全球化企业管理

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Spatial Economic Hubs and State Power

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Contemporary International Relations 2008年第5期18卷 61-72页

作者： Xuan Xingzhang phd student at the Strategic Institute of the Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C..

The paper seeks to analyze the rise of state power in the light of spatial economic shifts and examines the historical context of China's rise and challenges facing *** world history,only countries that were spatial economic hubs have been able to enjoy prosperity over *** is not yet such a country,despite its persistent *** is China likely to become an economic hub in the foreseeable *** is under mounting pressure from new economic demands posed by shifts in the geo-economic status of the U.S..The fact that the global economy thrives along coastlines also causes problems for China,a country with a long coastline and a vast hinterland,creating riffs between northern and southern China,central and local governments,and different provinces. All these factors might well hinder China's development in the future.

关键词：立体经济中国经济中心力量经济体制

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Changes in the U.S.2010 National Security Strategy——Based on Frequency of Word Usage

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Contemporary International Relations 2010年第5期20卷 119-131页

作者： Yang Qiaoyan Guo Qi a phd student of Nanjing University Assistant Research Professor of China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations

The National Security Strategy of the *** an important document for understanding *** security *** article uses Antconc software to analyze high-frequency word usage patterns in six *** Security Strategy documents from 1990 to *** the micro level of language use,we try to interpret the 2010 *** Security Strategy and explore Washington's strategic motives.

关键词：安全战略美国 Word 变迁频率国家安全政策 nc软件华盛顿

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Geological Hazards Occurred on the Road Connecting Vashlijvari-Lisi (M. Machavariani Street) in Tbilisi

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第11期9卷 15-27页

作者： Merab Gaprindashvili Department of Geology National Environmental Agency Tbilisi Georgia phd student of Mining Geological Faculty Georgian Technical University Tbilisi Georgia

The capital of Georgia—Tbilisi has a very convenient location and is a node of the transit corridor. Along with natural-geological conditions, its complexity is due to the rapid demographic growth of the city in a highly “sensitive” area of the geological environment and the pressure of high engineering and agricultural activities. In Tbilisi, it is observed almost all types of geological hazards, including landslide-gravitational, suffosion, debris/mudflows, river bank erosion and inundation were caused by groundwater. These hazards cause high damages to the residential houses and other infrastructure facilities. Most importantly and most tragically is that these kind of negative geological events are often accompanied by human casualties. The study discusses the geological processes developed in March 2021 in the corridor of the Vashlijvari-Lisi road (Machavariani Street). The information obtained from the study, reflects the triggering factors of the geological hazards, also damages caused by them, and provides recommendations for short-term and long-term protective measures that should ensure the sustainable operation of the road and other infrastructure facilities.

关键词： Landslide Geology Tbilisi Geological Hazard Disaster Georgia

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Micro,Meso and Macro Porous Materials on Medicine

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2015年第4期6卷 247-256页

作者： Victor Solano-Umana Jose Roberto Vega-Baudrit Environmental Management Master Degree Senior Chemist Hologic Surgical ProductsDOCINADE Science PhD StudentSan JoseCosta Rica phd National Nanotechnology Laboratory(LANOTEC-CeNAT-CONARE)San JoseCosta Rica

An enormous development is experimented on the porous materials. The porous was considered a defect on solid materials some years ago, but right now, this defect is an advantage, based on the properties obtained from a micro and mesoporous materials. Microporous, mesoporous and macroporous materials with an uniformed pore distribution offer new properties, such as absorption, adsorption, exchange separation, and catalysis of different compounds, also they can play different roles as hosts for a nanocomposite materials to modify or improve their properties. Today, the structural types of open framework porous compounds have rapidly increased by their unique structural properties, porous size window and accessible void space are critical factors on a medical application.

关键词： Microporous Mesoporous Macro Porous

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