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Milling degree affects the fermentation properties of rice:perspectives from the composition of nutrients and gut microbiota via in vitro fermentation

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1578-1588页

作者： Yu Zhang Fan Li Shutong Pan Bing Bai Kai Huang Sen Li Hongwei Cao Tian Xie Jian Xie Xiao Guan School of health Science and Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China National Grain Industry(Urban Grain and Oil Security)Technology Innovation Center Shanghai 200093China nutrition&health Research Institute Co.Ltd. COFCO CorporationBeijing 102209China China Grain Wuhan Scientific Research&design Institute Co.Ltd. Wuhan 430079China

Fermentation substrates of rice with different milling degrees(Mds) were prepared and fermented with human feces to compare their fermentation properties and effects on gut *** 0s,Md 5s and Md 60s represented brown rice,moderately-milled rice and white rice,*** in vitro fermentation,the Md 5s group showed higher starch utilization,compared with the Md 0s and 60s groups evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer,and confocal laser scanning *** of fermentation substrates of rice with different Mds on gut microbiota were evaluated by 16S rdNA *** the sample groups reduced the ph and produced short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs) and branched-chain fatty *** Md 5s group exhibited higher α-diversity than the Md 0s and 60s *** of phascolarctobacterium,Blautia and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae were higher in the Md 0s and 5s groups,compared with the Md 60s *** bacteria were also positively correlated with the SCFAs production via Spearman correlation *** vitro culture assay revealed that fermentation substrates of Md 0s and 5s promoted the growth of two probiotics(Akkermansia muciniphila and Bifidobacterium adolescentis).Our results showed that moderate milling might be an appropriate way to produce rice products with richer nutrients and better fermentation properties.

关键词： Rice processing Milling Whole grains Gut microbiota

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How neonatal diet affects the long-term development of rumination behavior,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in dairy calves fed a high milk level?

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 326-337页

作者： Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng Gibson M.Alugongo Hui Yang Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao State Key Laboratory of Animal nutrition and Feeding International Calf and Heifer OrganizationCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Culture and Safety Production in Cattle in Sichuan Animal Nutrition InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130China

This study was to investigate growth performance,rumination development,rumen fermentation and feed digestion in young calves provided high volumes(about 20%of calf birth weight)of milk with or without forage inclusion and how these parameters correlate with each *** after birth,160 newborn Holstein female calves(41.6±4.2 kg of initial BW)were randomly divided into 2 treatments:1)starter(CON,only starter)and 2)starter and hay(HAY,both starter and hay).The calves were fed their respective experimental diets from d 4 to 84,after which they were all introduced to similar diets until the end of the experiment on d *** had no effect on growth and structural measurements throughout the experimental ***,treatment had an effect on the other parameters,mainly during the post-weaning *** supplementation tended to reduce starter dry matter intake(P=0.05),while increasing the forage intake(Pd the feed-to-gain ratio(Pd increased neutral detergent fiber(NdF)and physically effective NdF(peNdF)intakes(Pd tended to lower(Pd to CON *** HAY calves had a higher rumination time(Pph(Pd acetate-to-propionate ratio(P=0.05)compared to the CON *** correlation analysis showed that rumination time was positively related to the ruminal p H at d 84(P=0.01)and 196(P=0.02).The HAY calves had similar apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter(dM),NdF and ether extract(EE),but lower digestibility of organic matter(OM,P=0.03),crude protein(CP,Pd starch(Pd to those of the CON calves at week ***,there were no positive relationships between rumination time and nutrient digestibility or between rumination time per kilogram dM and nutrient *** conclusion,feeding hay to calves fed a high milk level improved rumination during the post-weaning period only,without a concomitant effect on growth performance thro

关键词： Neonatal calf Early forage feeding Rumination Rumen fermentation Nutrient digestibility

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Screening of Streptomyces strains helping arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis against pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)phytophthora blight

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Pedosphere 2024年第2期34卷 438-446页

作者： Xin WANG Yifan LIU Baiping HE Minghui LI Xiangui LIN Fuyong WU Junli HU State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Plant nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsCollege of Natural Resources and EnvironmentNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Mycorrhiza helper bacteria(MHB)can promote the formation and functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)symbiosis,but their role and application potential in coping with soil-borne diseases are still unclear.A 14-week greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to obtain several actinomycete strains helping AM symbiosis in suppressing the phytophthora blight of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.),using a soil inoculated with phytophthora capsici after *** Streptomyces strains,including ***,***,***,***,and ***,as well as the AM fungus(Funneliformis caledonium)were *** phytophthora blight severity reached 66%at full productive stage in the uninoculated control,and inoculation of ***,***,and *** alone significantly decreased(Pd 35%,*** to *** alone,additional inoculation of *** or ***,which were isolated from the rhizosphere of a healthy individual in an infected field,significantly elevated(Pd,and total K acquisitions of pepper and further significantly decreased(Pdisease-suppression by AM symbiosis,both *** and *** were confirmed as MHB strains ***,*** had a stronger performance in directly accelerating mycorrhization,while *** was also an antagonist to the pathogenic ***,*** with the independent disease-suppression function was not an MHB strain *** redundancy analyses demonstrated that when AM fungus was present,root mycorrhizal colonization replaced soil ph becoming the main factor affecting pepper phytophthora ***,*** and *** seemed to have the value of preparation and application in the future to help AM symbiosis against pepper phytophthora blight.

关键词： actinomycete strain blight severity Funneliformis caledonium mycorrhiza helper bacteria phytophthora capsici root mycorrhizal colonization soil-bornedisease

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Numerical simulation of channel pattern changes Part Ⅱ:Application in a conceptual channel

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2010年第4期25卷 380-390页

作者： Hong WANG1, Gang ZHOU2, and Xuejun SHAO31 ph.d., Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. 2 Graduate student for a ph.d. degree (at the time of this research work), State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. Presently: Post-doctoral research fellow, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 3 ph.d., Professor, State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. ph.d. Associate Professor State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Graduate student for a ph.d. degree (at the time of this research work) State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China. Presently: Post-doctoral research fellow Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China ph.d. Professor State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper presents simulated channel patterns for various scenarios in a conceptual alluvial valley by an improved two-dimensional (2-d) mathematical model described in the companion paper. Starting from the same initial channel, different channel patterns have been simulated over a real time period of 250 days for varied boundary and initial conditions, including the inlet water discharge and sediment load, initial valley slope, and erodibility of river banks. Impacts of these control factors are discussed, in terms of the longitudinal bottom profiles of simulated fluvial channels, the geometry of channel cross sections, and the water surface profiles in the conceptual river valley. Results suggest that the upper and lower parts of the same channel may have different planforms because the sediment transport conditions of the two parts differ greatly. Simulated causal relationship between control variables and channel patterns agrees qualitatively with known channel pattern theories.

关键词： Channel pattern changes Numerical simulation Resistance to bank erosion Sediment transport Braided channel

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Breaking Criteria for Regular Waves on Gentle Slopes

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China Ocean Engineering 1999年第4期14卷 365-374页

作者：李玉成崔丽芳于洋滕斌 ph. d. student Supervisor the State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Graduate student Dalian University of Technology ph. d. Candidate Dalian University of Technology

Nelson pointed out that the wave breaking criterion( H/d)(b) for gentle slopes( i 1/100, i. e., the value oft H/d)(b) for gentle slopes may be smaller than 0.6. Goda indicated that the wave breaking criterion given b... 详细信息

Nelson pointed out that the wave breaking criterion( H/d)(b) for gentle slopes( i d d is the water depth at the breaking point, is smaller than that for beach slopes of i > 1/100, i. e., the value oft H/d)(b) for gentle slopes may be smaller than 0.6. Goda indicated that the wave breaking criterion given by himself is a result based on theoretical study, so it should be also correct and can be used for gentle beaches, i.e., the value of(H/d)(b) for gentle slopes may be still larger than 0.7. By use of high order nonlinear wave theory, this problem is analyzed in this study and the reason why there is a large difference between different studies is explained. Moreover, the bottom energy loss during wave propagation is considered and the critical slope for the absence of wave breaking is also analyzed.

关键词： wave beach slope breaking

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HIGHS ANd LOWS OF CARBOHYdRATE dIETS

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中国运动医学杂志 2005年第3期24卷 366-373页

作者： Edward F. Coyle department of Kinesiology and health Education The University of Texas at AustinAustin TX Ph.D. FACSM Professor

KEY POINTS  A low-carbohydrate diet in athletes impairs their exercise tolerance and their ability to beneficially adapt to long-term physical training.  physical performance and mood state seem better maintained ... 详细信息

关键词：碳水化合物运动医学饮食营养饮食调节

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Experimental adsorption equilibrium study and comparison of zeolite with water and ethanol for cooling systems

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied physics & Engineering) 2007年第2期8卷 216-220页

作者： MAIGA Abdoulaye Siddeye, CHEN Guang-ming, WANG Qin (Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China) Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China ph.d.student at Zhejing University from Mali

Two adsorption refrigeration working pairs of zeolite with water and ethanol were studied and the parameters of dubinin-Astakhov model were regressed using the experimental data of equilibrium. The coefficient of heterogeneity varied from 1.305 to 1.52 for the zeolite-water pair and from 1.73 to 2.128 for zeolite-ethanol pair. The maximum adsorption capacity varied from 0.315 to 0.34 for zeolite-water and 0.23 to 0.28 for zeolite-ethanol, respectively. The results showed that the zeolite-water pair is suitable for solar energy cooling not only because of the high latent heat of vaporization of water but also because of the better equilibrium performance. On the other hand, zeolite-ethanol gives a high adsorption capacity at high regeneration tem-perature, which means it can be used in heat engine systems like buses and cars.

关键词：吸附作用平衡性沸石乙醇冷却系统气化工艺

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Supplementation of Lycium barbarum residue increases the growth rate of Tan sheep by enhancing their feed intake and regulating their rumen microbiome and metabolome

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第9期 3129-3144页

作者： Yajun Zhang Xiao Chang Bing Wang dawei Wei Rongzhen Zhong Yansheng Guo Min du Guijie Zhang College of Forestry and Prataculture Ningxia University Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Grassland Farming Northeast Institute of Geography and Agoecology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Animal nutrition/College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University College of Animal Science and Technology Ningxia University Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory Department of Animal Sciences Washington State University

Lycium barbarum residue(LBR), a by-product of L. barbarum processing, is packed with bioactive components and can be potentially utilized as a feed additive in animal husbandry. However, the fundamental understanding of its effectiveness on livestock animals is still lacking, particularly in ruminants. To explore the effects of LBR on the growth performance, rumen fermentation parameters, ruminal microbes and metabolites of Tan sheep, sixteen fattening rams(aged 4 mon) were fed a basal diet(CON, n=8) or a basal diet supplemented with 5% LBR(LBR, n=8). The experiment lasted for 70 d, with 10 d adaptation period and 60 d treatment period. The results showed that the LBR enhanced the average daily feed intake, average daily gain(Pd ruminal total volatile fatty acids(Pdecreasing ammonia-nitrogen concentration and rumen ph value(Pdditionally, the LBR improved the relative abundances of Prevotella, Succiniclasticum, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Selenomonas, and Butyrivibrio(Pd reduced the relative abundances of Oscillospira and Succinivibrio(Pd the ruminal metabolome(Pdances of ruminal metabolites involved in amino acids(e.g., L-proline, L-phenylalanine, L-lysine, and L-tyrosine), pyrimidine metabolism(e.g., uridine, uracil, and thymidine), and microbial protein synthesis(e.g., xanthine and hypoxanthine). In conclusion, LBR had positive effects on the growth rate of Tan sheep as well as on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiome and rumen metabolome.

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Methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.Ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus Csaba Szabó department of Animal nutrition and physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of dL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(NoIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)dL-Met injected(dLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both dLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pd to the *** dLM group had significantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLN)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Pd insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(Md2),occludin(OCLN),superoxide dismutase 1(SOd1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pdings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： dL-Methionine L-Methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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INTRINSIC TOPOLOGY ANd REFINEMENT OF HUTTON UNIT INTERVAL

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Science China Mathematics 1992年第12期35卷 1434-1443页

作者：王国俊徐罗山 Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 PRC Yangzhou Teachers College Yangzhou 225002 PRC Ph.D student of Sichuan University

This paper introduces the theory of continuous lattices to the study of the Hutton unit interval I(L). some theorems related to I(L) are pithily proved. A kind of intrinsic topologies is applied to refining the topology of I(L),and a new fuzzy unit interval,called the H(λ) unit interval,is *** on the H(λ) unit interval the H(λ)-complete regularity is ***,the theory of. H(λ)-stone-ech compactifications is

关键词： intrinsic topology Hutton unit interval H(λ)-complete regularity H(λ)-Stone-ech compactification.

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