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Evolution of Policy Implementation Mechanisms in Communist China

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Review of Global Academics 2015年第2期2卷 539-543页

作者： Guo Xiaoguang ph.d.candidate in Ji Lin University College ofPublic Administration Visiting ph.d.candidate inBremen University Germany Jean Monnet Center forEuropean Studies

It is not accurate to judge the decline or increase in China＇s state capacity totally, because it is selectively effective from the view of policy implementation. Chinese Communist Party has been striving to improve its government ability over the past decades. Mass mobilization and political movement were widely used to monitor local agents as well as implement policy in Maoist era. But mobilization and political movement were inappropriate under market circumstance which demands social order, regulation and law. In order to enhance the ability to enforce policy effectively, the Party sets up cadre responsibility system consisting of targets management, responsibility contract and competitions between cadres at the same administrative hierarchical level. Through cadre responsibility system, the Party-state enhances its government ability and it also leads to selective implementation.

关键词： Policy Implementation PoliticalMobilization Cadre Responsibility System

Satisficing as an Account of Kuhnian Rationality

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Journal of philosophy Study 2013年第5期3卷 398-411页

作者： Rogier de Langhe ph.d. Postdoc Center for Logic and Philosophy of Science Tilburg University The Netherlands

The lack of an account of rationality in The Structure of Scientific Revolutions was a lacuna which Thomas Kuhn acutely felt. In this paper, I argue that Herbert Simon＇s notion of ＂satisficing＂ provides a formally well-developed and empirically well-established theory of rationality that fits well with Kuhn＇s general characterization of science. I start by considering two rival interpretations of the problem of Kuhnian rationality and introduce Simon＇s notion of satisficing. In Section 3, I show how satisficing can be used to interpret paradigm, change, rational theory-choice, relativism, and progress. On this account, Kuhnian scientists are not irrational. Rather they employ the same computational mechanism which allows humans to play chess.

关键词： rationality satisficing bounded rationality theory choice Thomas Kuhn Herbert Simon

A Critical Analysis of the Educational Impact of Steve Fuller＇s Social Epistemology

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Journal of philosophy Study 2013年第9期3卷 867-879页

作者： Koichiro Misawa ph.d. Lecturer in the School of Education at Tokyo University of Social Welfare Japan

In this paper, I examine Steve Fuller＇s ＂sociological＂ social epistemology that must be distinguished from its ＂philosophical＂ counterpart. Fuller＇s sociological social epistemology can prompt deep philosophical analyses of the conditions for knowledge that themselves bear on what should count as knowledge. That is, it can be a vital prelude to developing an interdisciplinary investigation into educational issues. This paper looks at the three features that form an integral part of Fuller＇s social epistemology, which is partly elucidatory and partly critical： naturalistic, normative, and organizational aspects. It goes on to explore whether and to what extent Fuller＇s criticism of an ＂always already＂ thesis in philosophy and his idea of ＂knowledge management＂ afford an understanding of human knowledge in particular and human development in general. This paper concludes with an observation that Fuller＇s social epistemology is flawed in some respects but nonetheless is of relevance to the philosophical study of education.

关键词： sociological social epistemology Steve Fuller analytic social epistemology the naturalistic aspect ofknowledge the normative aspect of knowledge the organizational aspect of knowledge the "always-already"thesis in philosophy implications for philosophy of education

Sensory Evaluation of Functional Cosmetic Ingredients

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Sensory Evaluation of Functional Cosmetic Ingredients

Kuhn and Taxonomies of History

2002年中国化妆品学术研讨会

作者： Evelyn Su Sino Lion(USA) Ltd ph.d.

Nowadays, consumers expect more perceivable benefits from cosmetic and personal care products, especially the sensory experiences. However, it has been a real challenge to evaluate the sensory performances of functional cosmetic ingredients. In this paper, a clinical evaluation method using trained panelists will be discussed in relation of evaluating the cooling effects of cooling agents, the irritation of anti-aging agents, and the conditioning effects of conditioners. The results are recorded in numerical values and statistically analyzed.

关键词： sensory evaluation, claims substantiation, panelist test cooling assessment, cooling agent, anti-aging agent, conditioner

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Journal of philosophy Study 2013年第5期3卷 412-430页

作者： Andrew Gregory ph.d. Department of Science and Technology Studies University College London UK

This paper introduces the idea that if theories of history generate different taxonomies of history they too are incommensurable. I argue this is unavoidable for Kuhn given what he says about incommensurability and 1 investigate the consequences in relation to reflexivity, justification, and paradox for Kuhn＇s account of science. I want to do this on two levels, firstly looking at different possibilities for characterising individual paradigms. I will look at some examples from ancient and early modem astronomy as here it is clearest that paradigms can be characterised in different ways and that this has important consequences. I will argue in particular that Kuhn＇s characterisation of the paradigm for astronomy which emerges from antiquity （geocentrism） is favourable to his general account of the history of science, but that there is a very plausible and extremely damaging alternative. I argue that these differing characterisations generate differing, incommensurable taxonomies of the history of astronomy, with attendant ＂local holism,＂ untranslatability of key terms and issues of theory choice. If so, Kuhn then has problems with generating an adequate decision making protocol for choosing between the two paradigm characterisations. That is problematic in itself, but I also argue this problem is systemic and affects the evidence needed for Kuhn to justify his general account of the history of science. I also want to investigate the implications of differing taxonomies of the history of science at a more abstract level. Kuhn＇s general theory of the history of science generates a taxonomy of the history of science, as do other theories such as those of Popper and of gradualism. If so, the incommensurability involved here, again with attendant ＂local holism,＂ untranslatability of key terms and issues of theory choice, leads to issues of paradox and justification for Kuhn＇s general account of the history of science. With this broader understanding of taxonomic issues,

关键词： Kuhn taxonomy Popper incommensurability "local holism " theory choice Kuhn Cycle astronomy

Somali Piracy:Causes and Countermeasures

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China International Studies 2009年第2期29卷 146-160页

作者： Tan Youzhi ph.d. in the department of International Politics University of Intemational Businessand Economics Beijing

The recent rampant piracy off the Somali coast has caused serious consequences and become a top concern internationally. In the latter half of 2008 the United Nations has successively adopted four resolutions calling on all nations in the world to actively participate in the actions of combating Somali *** order to effectively repress and completely eradicate Somali piracy,an international public hazard,the

关键词：海盗问题索马里海盗预防措施原因分析

Irrationality in Scientific development？

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Journal of philosophy Study 2013年第5期3卷 367-376页

作者： Paul Hoyningen-Huene ph.d. Full Professor Institute of Philosophy Leibniz Universitat Hannover Germany

The paper discusses several wide-spread misunderstandings of Kuhn＇s theory of scientific development, most prominently the ascription that he conceives of scientific development as irrational. The core of this ascription is an assessment of incommensurability as implying the lack of any rational possibility of theory comparison. This is supposed to be due to Gestalt switches and a quasi-religious element of conversion in theory change. Accordingly, scientific revolutions cannot be a serious matter for philosophical analysis; they furthermore foreclose any scientific progress. It is shown that such images of Kuhn＇s theory rest on deep misunderstandings that are partly due to Kuhn＇s writing style.

关键词： Kuhn irrationality incommensurability scientific revolutions theory choice conceptual change

Mapping the Supply Chain Issues SMEs and Impact for Quality Products

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Management Studies 2016年第1期4卷 9-15页

作者： Ayi Tejaningrum Anton Mulyono Azis Maya Irjayanti ph.d. Management Department Stie Ekuitas Bandung Indonesia. ph.d. Management Departement Stie Ekuitas Bandung Indonesia. Management departement Stie Ekuitas Bandung Indonesia.

Until now, the issue of quality of the products of SMEs （small and medium enterprises） remains the main issues as the cause of low ability to compete. This study focused into the issue of what happened with regard to the quality of products in the supply chain SME products. This study aims to describe how the culture of quality in the supply chain of SMEs and their role in contributing to the lack of SME products. The study involved 128 SMEs in the food processing industry cluster and garment industry. The research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The results showed an average internal quality culture reached 3.62661 supply included in the category enough. Of the five industry cluster, a culture of quality in the internal supply chain is the best T-shirt industry （4.3385） in both categories, while other four clusters exist in enough categories, with grades： hoods （3.661）, soy crisps （3.6635）, cassava chips （3.64）, and the last chips fish balls （2.829）. The low average internal quality culture supply mainly is in industrial processing of cassava chips and chips fish balls. One reason is the low awareness of quality. There is no technology and equipment adequate to safeguard the stability of quality. The upper most excellent quality culture occurred in the supply chain, where the product is controlled by big industry, is the industry shirts （4.018）, soy crisps （3.613）, and hoods （3.473）, while when in the upstream industry controlled by small or SMEs, there is deterioration in the cultural values of quality： cassava chips （2.917） and chips fish balls （2.781）. For downstream, 100% controlled by SMEs, there is an average value of quality culture 3.5662.

关键词： supply chain upstream downstream a culture of quality small and medium enterprises (SMEs)

New Basle Capital Agreement and Risk Management of China＇s Banking Industry

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Chinese Business Review 2005年第2期4卷 28-33,59页

作者： Lixin Ye ph.d.candidate of School of Economics and Management Nanjing University of Science and Technology

Adjustment of Basle Capital Agreement will influence the risk management and capital arrangement demand of the banks with different scales, operation level and environment. It will have widespread and profound effect on the competition strength of every country＇s banks in the global market. Starting with illustration of the present cond（tion of risk management in China＇s banks, the paper analyzes the major problems existing in the risk management system of China＇s banking industry, then puts forward some clues and suggestions to improve and better the risk management system of China＇s banking industry.

关键词： new Basle Capital Agreement risk management system China's banking industry