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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2021年第1期95卷 142-152页

作者： LI Lin WANG Bin YANG Taotao YANG Zhili LI Li LU Yintao WANG Xuefeng WU Jingwu SUN Guozhong petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology Hangzhou 310023China

Newly-acquired seismic data reveal widespread carbonate deposits covering a large part of the northwestern South China Sea *** carbonate platforms are identified to have developed on the topographic highs inherited from tectonic deformation and volcanic *** the carbonate platforms,the Miocene strata are characterized by high-amplitude seismic reflections and distinct platform architecture that overlaps older *** Guangle and Xisha carbonate platforms grew on faulted blocks due to South China Sea continental rifting,while the Zhongjian carbonate platform developed on a structural high induced by early Miocene *** the late Miocene,partial drowning resulted in the inhibition of platform growth,eventual platform drowning and termination of most carbonate *** drowning of the Guangle and Zhongjian carbonate platforms is shown by the supply of siliciclastic sediments during the late Miocene and seems to be closely linked to late Neogene volcanic activity,whilst the drowning of the Xisha carbonate platform is primarily related to relative eustatic *** results imply that tectonic activity,volcanism and eustasy are the dominant controls on the evolution of carbonate platforms on the northwestern margin of the South China Sea.

关键词： seismic characteristics carbonate deposition Guangle carbonate platform Xisha carbonate platform

Efectiveness and petroleum geological signifcance of tectonic fractures in the ultra‑deep zone of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt:a case study of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in the Keshen gas feld

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Petroleum Science 2021年第3期18卷 728-741页

作者： Rong-Hu Zhang Ke Wang Qing-Lu Zeng Chao-Feng Yu Jun-Peng Wang petrochina Research institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100086China petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology Hangzhou 310023ZhejiangChina

The buried depth of the gas-producing reservoir in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt of the Tarim Basin exceeds 6000 *** average matrix porosity of the reservoir is 5.5%,and the average matrix permeability is 0.128×10^(−3)μm^(2).In order to reveal the characteristics and efectiveness of ultra-deep fractures and their efects on reservoir properties and natural gas production,outcrops,cores,thin section,image logs and production testing data are used to investigate the efectiveness of tectonic fractures in ultra-deep reservoirs in the Kuqa foreland thrust zone,and the corresponding geological signifcance for oil and gas exploration and development are *** fractures in the thrust belt include EW-trending high-angle tensile fractures and NS-trending vertical shear *** former has a relatively high flling rate,while the latter is mostly ***-fractures are usually grain-piercing-through cracks with width of 10-100 *** the planar view,the efective fractures are concentrated in the high part and wing zones of the long axis of the anticline,and along the vertical direction,they are mainly found in the tensile fracture zone above the neutral *** adjustment fracture zone has the strongest vertical extension abilities and high efectiveness,followed by the nearly EW longitudinal tensile fracture zone,and the netted fracture zone with multiple dip *** efectiveness of fracture is mainly controlled by fracture aperture and flling *** fractures can increase reservoir permeability by 1-2 orders of *** higher part of the anticline is associated with high tectonic fracture permeability,which control enrichment and high production of natural *** netted vertical open fractures efectively communicate with pores and throats of the reservoir matrix,which forms an apparent-homogenous to medium-heterogeneous body that is seen with high production of natural gas sustained for a long term.

关键词： Fracture efectiveness Ultra-deep Reservoir Foreland thrust belt Kuqa depression Geological signifcance

3D anatomy and flow dynamics of net-depositional cyclic steps on the world’s largest submarine fan:a joint 3D seismic and numerical approach

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Petroleum Science 2021年第1期18卷 10-28页

作者： Da-Li Shao Guo-Zhang Fan Hai-Qiang Wang Hong-Xia Ma Guo-Ping Zuo Liang-Bo Ding Zheng Cai Wei-Qiang Li petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology Hangzhou 310023ZhejiangChina Chinnery Assets Limited YangonMyanmar

Supercritical flows are ubiquitous in natural environments;however,there is rare 3D anatomy of their *** study uses high-quality 3D seismic datasets from the world’s largest submarine fan,Bengal Fan,to interpret 3D architectures and flow processes of Pliocene undulating bedforms that were related to supercritical *** undulating bedforms as documented in this study were developed in unconfined settings,and are seismically imaged as strike-elongated,crescentic bedforms in plan view and as rhythmically undulating,upstream migrating,erosive,discontinuous reflections in section *** lee sides are overall 3 to 4 times steeper(0.280 to 1.19°in slope)and 3 to 4 times shorter(117 to 419 m in length)than their stoss flanks and were ascribed to faster(high flow velocities of 2.70 to 3.98 m/s)supercritical flows(Froude numbers of 1.53 to 2.27).Their stoss sides,in contrast,are overall 3 to 4 times gentler(0.120 to 0.270 in slope)and 3 to 4 times longer(410 to 1139 m in length)than their lee flanks and were related to slower(low velocities of 2.35 to 3.05 m/s)subcritical flows(Froude numbers of 0.58 to 0.97).Bengal wave-like features were,thus,created by supercriticalto-subcritical flow transformations through internal hydraulic jumps(i.e.,cyclic steps).They have crests that are positive relative to the surrounding region of the seafloor,suggesting the predominant deposition of draping sediments associated with net-depositional cyclic *** currents forming Bengal wave-like features were,thus,dominated by deposition,resulting in net-depositional cyclic *** deposits associated with Bengal net-depositional cyclic steps are imaged themselves as closely spaced,strike-elongated high RMS-attribute patches,thereby showing closely spaced,long and linear,strike-elongated distribution patterns.

关键词： Sediment waves Net-depositional cyclic steps Supercritical flows Sandy supercritical-flow deposits Bengal Fan

Origin and Distribution of Grain Dolostone Reservoirs in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation,Sichuan Basin,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第1期91卷 204-218页

作者： SHEN Anjiang HU Anping PAN Liyin SHE Min petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs CNPC Hangzhou 310023 Zhejiang China

Dolostones in the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation have become one of the most significant gas exploration domains in China. Over a trillion cubic meters of gas reservoirs have been discovered in the Gaoshiti-Moxi area; however, the origins and distribution of the dolostone reservoirs are not well understood. This work discussed the geology and geochemistry of the dolostone reservoirs in the Longwangmiao Formation to determine their origin and distribution. Two understandings are acquired： firstly, a carbonate ramp provided excellent conditions for grain beach deposition, while the presence of a hypersaline lake was favorable for the contemporaneous dolomitization of grain beach deposits. Petrographic and geochemical evidence further confirm that the Longwangmiao dolostone was formed during the contemporaneous stage. Secondly, the reservoir characteristics indicate that the grain beach sediments provide material basis for the development of the Longwangmiao dolostone reservoirs. Reservoir dissolution simulation experiments show that the porosity of the reservoirs was formed by dissolution during contemporaneous and burial stages. The dissolution pores formed during the contemporaneous stage were controlled by sequence interfaces. The large scale dissolution vugs formed during the burial stage subsequently spread along the pre-existing porosity and fracture zones. This study therefore identified that the development of grain dolostone reservoirs in a shallow water ramp under arid climatic conditions generally met the following conditions：（1） reefal beach deposits lay a foundation for reservoir development;（2） superficial conditions are an important determining factor for reservoir porosity; and（3） burial conditions provide environment for porosity preservation and modification.

关键词： Sichuan Basin Longwangmiao Formation grain dolostone meteoric dissolution buried dissolution origin of reservoir distribution of reservoir

Gas hydrate accumulation associated with fluid escape structure in the western margin of South China Sea

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2023年第3期41卷 947-958页

作者： Taotao YANG Lin LI Yintao LU Kaiqi YU Zhili YANG Xuefeng WANG Wei LI petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology Hangzhou 310023China CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea geology South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

Gas hydrates have been found in the western continental margin of South China Sea,which are revealed by widespread bottom simulating reflectors(BSRs)imaged from a three-dimensional(3D)seismic volume near the Guangle carbonate platform in the western South China ***-escape structures(faults and gas chimneys)are originated below BSR were distinguished.A comprehensive model in three-level structure was proposed to depict the gas hydrate accumulation in the study *** Level 1,regional major faults and gas chimneys provide the first pathways of upward migration of gas near *** Level 2,pervasive polygonal faults in carbonate layer promote the migration of *** Level 3,gases sourced from near-basement accumulate within shallow sediment layers and form gas hydrate above the unit with faults once appropriate temperature and pressure *** gas hydrates in the study area are mainly in microbial origin,and their accumulation occurs only when fluid-escape structures align in all the three *** proposed model of the gas hydrate accumulation in western SCS margin provides new insights for further studies in this poorly studied area.

关键词： gas hydrate fluid-escape structures gas sources bottom simulating reflector(BSR) South

Development and preservation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3367-3385页

作者： Anjiang SHEN Anping HU Zhanfeng QIAO Jianfeng ZHENG Min SHE Liyin PAN Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir CNPCHangzhou 310023China State Energy Key Laboratory of Carbonate Oil and Gas Hangzhou 310023China petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology Hangzhou 310023China

Exploration practice has proved that deep and ultra-deep reservoirs consist of mainly matrix-porous dolomite reservoirs and fractured-vuggy karst reservoirs and still will be very important targets for future exploration, in which large oil and gas fields such as Anyue, Yuanba, Halahatang, Fuman and Shunbei have been discovered. This paper systematically summarizes three theoretical and technical achievements in studying deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the past decade.(1) The micro-zone and multi-parameter experiment analysis technology featured by determining the “age, temperature, pressure and fluid properties” of carbonate reservoirs, together with experimental simulation of cross-tectonic-period pore formation and preservation featured by the “multi-stage, continuous, visualized and online detection technology”, providing useful tools for studying the pore formation and preservation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate rocks from the perspective of“forward” and “inversion”.(2) Deep and ultra-deep matrix-porous dolostone reservoirs are still controlled by sedimentary facies,among which reef(mound) and/or beach contribute most. The reservoir space is mainly composed of sedimentary primary pores and supergene dissolution pores and fractures, though some of reservoir spaces are formed by burial dissolution and they tend to develop and may locally concentrate following the pre-existing porous zone. In other words, burial dissolution vugs are inherited rather than newly formed. Early dolomite precipitation(or dolomitization) has a high potential to preserve early pores.(3) The development and preservation mechanism of fractured-vuggy karst limestone reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep realm was analyzed. Pene-contemporaneous dissolution and interlayer and buried-hill karstification control the development of early and late supergene fractured-vuggy reservoirs. Strike-slip faults superimposed with supergene karstification lead to the development of “fen

关键词： Deep and ultra-deep formation Carbonate reservoirs Matrix-porous dolomite reservoir Fractured-vuggy karst reservoir Genersis and distribution of carbonate reservoirs

Microscopic Characteristics of Tiaohu Formation Sedimentary Tuff tight Oil Reservoir from Malang Sag,Santanghu Basin

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A01期89卷 75-76页

作者： SI Xueqiang WANG Xin ZHI Fengqin petrochina hangzhou Research institute of geology

There is a sedimentary tuff tight oil reservoir between lacustrine mudstone and volcanic in Tiaohu Formation from Malang sag, Santanghu Basin （Chen, et al., 2014; Liang, et al., 2014; Zhu, et al., 2014）. This sedimentary tuff tight reservoir is characterized by fine grain, rich oil, high porosity, low permeability, micro pore development.

关键词： PETROLEUM reservoirs VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc. SEDIMENTS (geology) -- Analysis SEDIMENTS (geology) -- Composition BASINS (geology) CHINA

Seismic stratigraphy of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel system,northwest South China Sea

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第2期27卷 250-259页

作者：袁圣强吕福亮吴时国姚根顺马玉波付彦辉 Key Laboratory of Marine geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences petrochina hangzhou institute of geology China University of Petroleum

Based on more than 4000 km 2D seismic data and seismic stratigraphic analysis, we discussed the extent and formation mechanism of the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel. The Qiongdongnan deep sea channel is a large incised channel which extends from the east boundary of the Yinggehai Basin, through the whole Qiongdongnan and the Xisha trough, and terminates in the western part of the northwest subbasin of South China Sea. It is more than 570 km long and 4–8 km wide. The chaotic (or continuous) middle (or high) amplitude, middle (or high) continuity seismic facies of the channel reflect the different lithological distribution of the channel. The channel formed as a complex result of global sea level drop during early Pliocene, large scale of sediment supply to the Yinggehai Basin, inversion event of the Red River strike-slip fault, and tilted direction of the Qiongdongnan Basin. The large scale of sediment supply from Red River caused the shelf break of the Yinggehai Basin to move torwards the S and SE direction and developed large scale of prograding wedge from the Miocene, and the inversion of the Red River strike-slip fault induced the sediment slump which formed the Qiongdongnan deep sea channel.

关键词： Qiongdongnan deep sea channel South China Sea sedimentary system sea level change

Submarine slide evidence for late Miocene strike-slip reversal of the Red River Fault

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第11期59卷 2231-2239页

作者： WANG DaWei WU ShiGuo LI ChunFeng YAO GenShun institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Sanya 572000 China Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan 310013 China petrochina hangzhou institute of geology Hangzhou 310023 China

During the late Miocene(~5.5 Ma), a large-scale submarine slide with an area of approximately 18000 km^2 and a maximum thickness of 930 m formed in the deep-water region of the Qiongdongnan Basin. The large-scale submarine slide has obvious features in seismic profile, with normal faults in the proximal region, escarpments at the lateral boundary, and a pronounced shear surface at the base. The internal seismic reflections are chaotic and enclosed by parallel and sub-parallel seismic *** main direction of sediment transport was from south to north and the main sediment source was the southern region of the Qiongdongnan Basin, which is located in the east of the Indo-China Peninsula and the north of the Guangle uplift. In this region,late Miocene strike-slip reversal of the Red River Fault, uplift and increased erosion of the Indo-China Peninsula, and an abrupt rise in the rate of deposition in the western part of the South China Sea provided the basic conditions and triggering mechanism for the large-scale submarine slide. The discovery of the large-scale submarine slide provides sedimentological evidence for the tectonic event of late Miocene strike-slip reversal of the Red River Fault. It can also be inferred that the greatest tectonic activity during the process of the Red River Fault reversal occurred at ~5.5 Ma from the age of top surface of the submarine slide.

关键词： Red River Fault Qiongdongnan Basin Deep-water Submarine slide Seismic reflection character

Organic geochemical characteristics and significance of Permian Gufeng formation siliceous shale in well CSDP-2 of South Yellow Sea central uplift

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第4期42卷 765-778页

作者： Jian-ming Gong Qing-song Cheng Chuan-sheng Yang Jian-qiang Wang Yong Yuan Qingdao institute of Marine geology Qingdao 266071ShandongChina petrochina Zhejiang Oilfield Company Hangzhou 310023ZhejiangChina

In order to understand the hydrocarbon generation potential of the siliceous shale in the Permian Gufeng Formation of the South Yellow Sea,the organic geochemistry and organic petrology of the siliceous shale in the Gufeng Formation of the CSDP-2 well were studied and *** is found that the TOC of the samples is mainly between 9%and 12%,and Tmaxis mainly distributed between 510 and 540℃.The value of the organic microscopic type index(TI)is between 25.71 and 31.00,which is a set of II_(2)high-quality source rocks with high organic matter abundance in the over mature stage of largescale gas *** to the distribution characteristics of Molecular fossils in siliceous shale of Gufeng Formation of well CSDP-2,bacterial organic matter is the main hydrocarbon generating parent material,and aquatic animal organic matter is an important hydrocarbon generating parent *** siliceous shale in Gufeng Formation of CSDP-2 well is in the stage of large-scale gas generation;Therefore,the Gufeng Formation in the central uplift of the South Yellow Sea has the material basis for the formation of large-scale shale gas *** the same time,the siliceous metasomatism of the siliceous shale reservoir of Gufeng Formation is not conducive to the primary migration of oil,and there is much oil and gas remaining in the reservoir.

关键词： South Yellow Sea Basin Gufeng formation Source rock Molecular geochemistry Shale gas