Development and preservation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs

作     者：Anjiang SHEN Anping HU Zhanfeng QIAO Jianfeng ZHENG Min SHE Liyin PAN 

作者机构：Key Laboratory of Carbonate ReservoirCNPCHangzhou 310023China State Energy Key Laboratory of Carbonate Oil and GasHangzhou 310023China PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of GeologyHangzhou 310023China 

出 版 物：《Science China Earth Sciences》 (中国科学（地球科学英文版）)

年 卷 期：2024年第67卷第11期

页      面：3367-3385页

核心收录：

学科分类：081803[工学-地质工程] 08[工学] 0818[工学-地质资源与地质工程] 

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U23B20154) 

主　　题：Deep and ultra-deep formation Carbonate reservoirs Matrix-porous dolomite reservoir Fractured-vuggy karst reservoir Genersis and distribution of carbonate reservoirs 

摘      要：Exploration practice has proved that deep and ultra-deep reservoirs consist of mainly matrix-porous dolomite reservoirs and fractured-vuggy karst reservoirs and still will be very important targets for future exploration, in which large oil and gas fields such as Anyue, Yuanba, Halahatang, Fuman and Shunbei have been discovered. This paper systematically summarizes three theoretical and technical achievements in studying deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in the past decade.(1) The micro-zone and multi-parameter experiment analysis technology featured by determining the “age, temperature, pressure and fluid properties of carbonate reservoirs, together with experimental simulation of cross-tectonic-period pore formation and preservation featured by the “multi-stage, continuous, visualized and online detection technology, providing useful tools for studying the pore formation and preservation mechanism of deep and ultra-deep carbonate rocks from the perspective of“forward and “inversion.(2) Deep and ultra-deep matrix-porous dolostone reservoirs are still controlled by sedimentary facies,among which reef(mound) and/or beach contribute most. The reservoir space is mainly composed of sedimentary primary pores and supergene dissolution pores and fractures, though some of reservoir spaces are formed by burial dissolution and they tend to develop and may locally concentrate following the pre-existing porous zone. In other words, burial dissolution vugs are inherited rather than newly formed. Early dolomite precipitation(or dolomitization) has a high potential to preserve early pores.(3) The development and preservation mechanism of fractured-vuggy karst limestone reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep realm was analyzed. Pene-contemporaneous dissolution and interlayer and buried-hill karstification control the development of early and late supergene fractured-vuggy reservoirs. Strike-slip faults superimposed with supergene karstification lead to the development of “fen