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Bowland Shale well placement strategy-Part 2:Fracture simulations using a 3D geomechanical model and implications for stratigraphic and spatial horizontal well locations

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Energy Geoscience 2022年第3期3卷 235-254页

作者： Iain de Jonge-Anderson Jingsheng Ma Xiaoyang Wu Dorrik Stow David Griffiths Institute of GeoEnergy Engineering(IGE) School of EnergyGeoscienceInfrastructure&SocietyHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK British Geological Survey The Lyell CentreResearch Avenue SouthEdinburghEH144APUK penrhyn exploration UK

Hydraulic fracture modelling is a key component of a shale reservoir well placement strategy as it provides an indication of the typical lengths and heights of stimulated fractures and of the changes to the stress environment in which these are ***,spatial and stratigraphic variations in the stress and geomechanical properties of shales make accurate modelling a challenging *** the UK Bowland Shale,stacked horizontal wells targeting multiple stratigraphic intervals could be used to avoid large offset faults in a geologically complex ***,it is not known how these intervals may respond to hydraulic fracturing and predicting the height and length of hydraulic fractures is necessary in order to assess the likelihood of vertical fracture interference across landing zones or propagation towards major *** the case of the former,intervals of high effective stress may be key to containing fractures within their desired *** a planar hydraulic fracture simulator,and a 3D geomechanical model incorporating dipping stratigraphy,the issue of predicting hydraulic fracture geometry in the Bowland Shale was assessed through a series of modelling exercises using well Preese Hall-1 and horizontal *** pre-defined landing zones were targeted,narrow and long transverse fractures around 1 km from the well were *** the simulation design mimicked perforation clusters placed at 12 m intervals along horizontal pseudo-wells,the effects of stress shadowing were acute and resulted in irregular fracture ***,high effective stress intervals performed efficiently as barriers to vertical hydraulic fracture propagation,reinforcing the feasibility of using stacked production for the Bowland *** modelling results were then used to discuss the possible placement of horizontal wells in a mapped,100 km2 region around well Preese Hall-1,where up to 13 sites could be positioned,with a horizontal well length of aroun

关键词： Bowland Shale Hydraulic fracturing Geomechanics Fracture simulation Well placement

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Hazards from lakes and reservoirs: new interpretation of the Vaiont disaster

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1717-1737页

作者： Alan P.DYKES Edward N.BROMHEAD Centre for Engineering Environment and Society ResearchSchool of Engineering and the EnvironmentKingston UniversityPenrhyn RoadKingston upon ThamesKTi 2EEUK

Hazards in reservoirs and lakes arising from subaerial landslides causing impact waves(or ‘lake tsunamis’) are now well known, with several recent examples having been investigated in detail. The potential scale of such hazards was not widely known at the time of the Vaiont dam project in the 1950s and early 1960s, although a small wave triggered by a landslide at another new reservoir nearby in the Dolomites(northern Italy) drew the possible hazard to the attention of the Vaiont project’s managers. The Vaiont disaster in 1963 arose from a combination of disparate and seemingly unrelated factors and circumstances that led to an occurrence that could not have been imagined at that time. The ultimate cause was a very large landslide moving very rapidly into a reservoir and displacing the water. The resulting wave overtopped the dam to a height of around 175 m and around 2000 people were killed. This paper identifies and examines all of the issues surrounding the Vaiont dam and landslide in order to identify causal factors, contributory factors(including aggravating factors) and underlying factors. In doing so, it demonstrates that the disaster arose from the Vaiont dam project and cannot be attributed simply to the landslide. Underlying geological factors gave rise to the high speed of the landslide, which would have occurred anyway at some time. However, without the contributory factors that account for the presence of the reservoir, i.e. the choice of location for the project and management of the project with respect to a possible landslide hazard, there would have been no disaster. Indeed, the disaster could have been avoided if the reservoir could have been emptied pending further ground investigations. Understanding of this case provides many lessons for future dam projects in mountainous locations but also highlights an ongoing and perhaps under-appreciated risk from similar events involving other water bodies including geologically recent lakes formed behind n

关键词： Vaiont landslide Impulse wave Lake tsunami Dam project Causal factors for disaster

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The Effect of Direct Gas Fluorination on Medical Grade Poly(methyl methacrylate)

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Open Journal of Organic Polymer Materials 2014年第4期4卷 74-83页

作者： Baljit K. Ghatora Stephen J. Barton Peter J. S. Foot Philip Miller Tate Materials Research Centre Kingston University Penrhyn Road Kingston upon Thames Surrey UK

Medical-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is extensively employed in the fabrication of a variety of medical implants, including intraocular lenses (IOLs). However, a postoperative complication that leads to the failure of the implanted intraocular lenses has been recently identified. This process, termed calcification, occurs when calcium-containing deposits accumulate on the surface of the IOL. In this study direct gas fluorination was used to modify the surface of PMMA in an attempt to increase the service lifetime of the material in optical applications. PMMA discs exposed to a 20% fluorine/nitrogen gas mixture for 24 h were compared with untreated PMMA discs serving as control samples. Over time, both surface-fluorinated and untreated PMMA samples immersed in a simulated aqueous humour solution (SAHS) (pH 7.4, 35°C) were used to carry out in vitro studies. Attenuated total refractive Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), showed that calcium-containing surface deposits were less abundant on surface-fluorinated PMMA compared with the control samples, indicating that the fluorinated surface was acting as a barrier to the deposits. Gravimetric analysis data showed that the decreased rate of diffusion compared with that of a control sample was due to the fluorinated surface.

关键词： Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) Surface Fluorination In Vitro Studies Simulated Aqueous Humour Solution (SAHS) Medical Polymers

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Late Triassic Granitoids of the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Geochronology, Petrogenesis and Implications for Tectonic Evolution

Late Triassic Granitoids of the Eastern Margin of the Tibeta...

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2006年全国岩石学与地球动力学研讨会

作者： John D．Clemens School of Earth Sciences ＆ Geography CEESR Kingston UniversityPenrhyn RdKingston-upon-ThamesSurrey KT1 2EEUK

＜正＞Late Triassic granitoids in the Songpan-Garze Fold Belt （SGFB）, on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, formed at 230 to 220 Ma and can be divided into two groups. Group-1 are high-K calc-alkaline, with adakitic affinities （K-adakites） with Sr ＞ 400 ppm, Y ＜ 11 ppm, strongly fractionated REE patterns （（La/Yb）N= 32-105）, and high K2O/Na2O （≈1）. Group-2 are

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Origin of potassic （C-type） adakite magmas: experimental and field constraints

Origin of potassic （C-type） adakite magmas: experimental a...

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2006年全国岩石学与地球动力学研讨会

作者： John．D．Clemens School of Earth Sciences ＆ Geography CEESR Kingston UniversityPenrhyn RdKingston-upon-ThamesSurrey KT1 2EEUK

＜正＞The postcollisional, Mesozoic, C-type or high-K adakitic intrusions （K-adakites） of China lack either temporal or spatial association with subduction and have K2O/Na2O around unity. Otherwise, their geochemistry is very similar to ordinary adakites. New experimental data, geological observations and theoretical considerations lead us to suggest that these K-adakites

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Micro-fabrication of ceramics:Additive manufacturing and conventional technologies

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2021年第1期10卷 1-27页

作者： Hany HASSANIN Khamis ESSA Amr ELSHAER Mohamed IMBABY Heba H.EL-MONGY Tamer A.EL-SAYED School of Engineering Canterbury Christ Church UniversityCanterburyCT11QUUK University of Birmingham EdgbastonB152TTUK Kingston University London Penrhyn RoadKingston Upon ThamesSurreyKT12EEUK Department of Mechanical Design Faculty of EngineeringMatariaHelwan UniversityP.O.Box.11718CairoEgypt Jubail University College Mechanical EngineeringKingdom of Saudi Arabia Center for Applied Dynamics Research(CADR) School of EngineeringUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB243UEUK

Ceramic materials are increasingly used in micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)as they offer many advantages such as high-temperature resistance,high wear resistance,low density,and favourable mechanical and chemical properties at elevated ***,with the emerging of additive manufacturing,the use of ceramics for functional and structural MEMS raises new opportunities and *** paper provides an extensive review of the manufacturing processes used for ceramic-based MEMS,including additive and conventional manufacturing *** review covers the micro-fabrication techniques of ceramics with the focus on their operating principles,main features,and processed *** that need to be addressed in applying additive technologies in MEMS include ceramic printing on wafers,post-processing at the micro-level,resolution,and quality *** paper also sheds light on the new possibilities of ceramic additive micro-fabrication and their potential applications,which indicates a promising future.

关键词： micro-electro-mechanical system(MEMS) micro-fabrication ceramics micro parts additive manufacturing

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease event:A cohort study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第6期12卷 323-331页

作者： Nima Motamed Hossein Ajdarkosh Maral Ahmadi Dhayaneethie Perumal G Hossein Ashrafi Mehdi Nikkhah Amir Hossein Faraji Mansooreh Maadi Mahmoodreza Khoonsari Nader Rezaie Behzad Farahani Fahimeh Safarnezhad Tameshkel Mitra Ameli Mahshid Panahi Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya Farhad Zamani Department of Social Medicine Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjan ***Iran Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center Iran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Faculty of Science Engineering and ComputingKingston UniversityKingstonLondon KT12EEUnited Kingdom Cancer Theme SEC Faculty penrhyn Road Kingston UniversityLondon KT12EEUnited Kingdom Department of Pulmonology Firouzgar HospitalIran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Department of Cardiology Iran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

BACKGROUND There are no consistent results between previous studies for an independent association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and cardiovascular disease(CVD)*** To determine if there is an independent association between NAFLD and CVD *** In the present study,valid outcome data of 4808 subjects were available for phase 2 of our cohort *** subjects had been followed up for seven years from phase 1,beginning in 2009-2010 to phase 2 during *** and multiple Cox proportional models were used to determine the association between NAFLD in the primary phase of the cohort and subsequent fatal and non-fatal CVD events during *** The incidence of non-fatal CVD events in males with NAFLD was significantly higher(P=0.004)than in males without NAFLD.A positive association was demonstrated between NAFLD and non-fatal CVD events in males(Hazard ratio=1.606;95%CI:1.166-2.212;P=0.004)by the simple Cox proportional hazard model,but no independent association was detected between these in the multiple Cox *** No independent association was detected between NAFLD and *** is likely that diabetes mellitus and age may be the principle mediators in this regard.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Cardiovascular disease Cohort Type 2 diabetes mellitus Risk factor Follow up

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