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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 150-158页

作者： Kun Li Jun Zhang David M.Bell Tiantian Wang Houssni Lamkaddam Tianqu Cui Lu Qi Mihnea Surdu Dongyu Wang Lin Du Imad El Haddad Jay G.Slowik Andre S.H.Prevot Environment Research Institute Shandong University laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry Paul Scherrer Institute

Organic vapors from biomass burning are a major source of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Previous smog chamber studies found that the SOA contributors in biomass-burning emissions are mainly volatile organic compounds(VOCs). While intermediate volatility organic compounds(IVOCs) are efficient SOA precursors and contribute a considerable fraction of biomass-burning emissions, their contribution to SOA formation has not been directly observed. Here, by deploying a newly-developed oxidation flow reactor to study SOA formation from wood burning, we find that IVOCs can contribute ～70% of the formed SOA, i.e.>2 times more than VOCs. This previously missing SOA fraction is interpreted to be due to the high wall losses of semi-volatile oxidation products of IVOCs in smog chambers. The finding in this study reveals that SOA production from biomass burning is much higher than previously thought, and highlights the urgent need for more research on the IVOCs from biomass burning and potentially other emission sources.

关键词： atmospheric chemistry biomass burning secondary organic aerosol intermediate volatility organic compounds

Spin order and dynamics in the topological rare-earth germanide semimetals

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 117-131页

作者： Yuhao Wang Zhixuan Zhen Jing Meng Igor Plokhikh Delong Wu Dariusz J.Gawryluk Yang Xu Qingfeng Zhan Ming Shi Ekaterina Pomjakushina Toni Shiroka Tian Shang Key laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE) School of Physics and Electronic ScienceEast China Normal University laboratory for Multiscale Materials and Experiments Paul Scherrer Institut Center for Correlated Matter and School of Physics Zhejiang University laboratory for Muon-Spin Spectroscopy Paul Scherrer Institut Laboratorium für Festk?rperphysik ETH Zürich

The REAl（Si,Ge）(RE = rare earth) family, known to break both the inversion-and time-reversal symmetries, represents one of the most suitable platforms for investigating the interplay between correlated-electron phenomena and topologically nontrivial ***, we report on systematic magnetic, transport, and muon-spin rotation and relaxation（μSR） measurements on（Nd,Sm）AlGe single crystals, which exhibit antiferromagnetic（AFM） transitions at TN=6.1 and 5.9 K, respectively. In addition, NdAlGe undergoes also an incommensurate-to-commensurate ferrimagnetic transition at 4.5 K. Weak transverse-field μSR measurements confirm the AFM transitions, featuring a ～90% magnetic volume fraction. Zero-field（ZF） μSR measurements reveal a more disordered internal field distribution in NdAlGe than in SmAlGe, reflected in a larger transverse muon-spin relaxation rate λTat T■TN. This may be due to the complex magnetic structure of NdAlGe, which undergoes a series of metamagnetic transitions in an external magnetic field, while SmAlGe shows only a robust AFM order. In NdAlGe, the topological Hall effect（THE） appears between the first and the second metamagnetic transitions for H‖c, while it is absent in SmAlGe. Such THE in NdAlGe is most likely attributed to the field-induced topological spin textures. The longitudinal muon-spin relaxation rate λL, diverges near the AFM order, followed by a clear drop at T < T＿N. In the magnetically ordered state, spin fluctuations are significantly stronger in NdAlGe than in SmAlGe. In general, our longitudinal-field μSR data indicate vigorous spin fluctuations in NdAlGe, thus providing valuable insights into the origin of THE and of the possible topological spin textures in REAl（Si,Ge） Weyl semimetals.

关键词： magnetic Weyl semimetals topological Hall effect spin fluctuations µSR

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Generation,bonding and reactivity of transient zinc-substituted silylenes

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1256-1262页

作者： Cheng Xu Thayalan Rajeshkumar Laurent Maron Xuebing Leng Yaofeng Chen State Key laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Spin-X Institute School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesGuangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetic Functional MaterialsSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China LPCNO CNRS&INSAUniversitéPaul SabatierToulous 31077France

The metal-substituted silylenes are of high interest,as the theoretical studies indicated that the silylenes with electropositive substituents have a small ΔE_(S-T)(singlet-triplet energy gap)or even the ground-state ***,such compounds are highly unstable,and only two transient alkali metal-substituted silylenes M(^(t)Bu_(3)Si)Si:(M=Li,K)were generated by photoextrusion of the alkali metal-substituted silacyclopropenes and merely studied by spectroscopic method(EPR)at low temperature(14 to 50 K).Herein,we report the generation of transient zinc-substituted silylenes from zinc silacyclopropanyl complexes under very mild and convenient *** generated transient zinc-substituted silylenes are highly reactive and undergo intermolecular cycloaddition with alkenes for the synthesis of zinc-substituted Si-heterocyclic *** there is no substrate,the zinc-substituted silylenes attack the C-C bonds of the β-diketiminato ligands and break the C-C *** studies further highlight the silylene nature of the zinc-substituted silylene and a very small ΔE_(S-T)(4.4 kcal/mol).

关键词： zinc complex silylene C-C bond cleavage cycloaddition DFT calculations

Competitive interactions and coexistence of sympatric flagship carnivores in Asia

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 183-199页

作者： Zhilin LI Jiayu LU Xiaoyi SHI Li’an DUO James L.D.SMITH Tianming WANG Tianjin Key laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity College of Life SciencesTianjin Normal UniversityTianjinChina Department of Fisheries Wildlife and Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Ministry of Education Key laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key laboratory for Conservation Ecology of Northeast Tiger and Leopard BeijingChina

Understanding the competition and coexistence of flagship carnivores is key to creating strategies for their conservation in the face of global carnivore *** studies exploring the dynamics and competition between tigers(Panthera tigris)and leopards(***)span decades,there is a lack of understanding regarding the factors that influence their coexistence mechanisms on a broad scale,as well as the drivers determining their exploitative and interference *** gathered a comprehensive list of research papers among which 36 papers explored the interspecific interactions between tigers and leopards and tested the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the coexistence mechanisms along three dimensions using multiple response variables regression models;we also tested the influence of ecological drivers determining the exploitative or interference competition between tigers and *** and ungulate density were the most important predictors in regulating the coexistence *** and leopards exhibited more positive relations/higher overlaps as elevation increased in the spatial *** addition,they showed a higher dietary overlap in the prey-rich *** determined that interference competition between tigers and leopards was less frequently observed in habitats with dense tree cover and homogeneous vegetation ***,studies with multiple metrics would promote the detection of interference *** study provides new insight into the competitive interactions and coexistence mechanisms of tigers and leopards on a broad ***-makers and managers should pay more attention to the factors of elevation,prey abundance,and habitat structures for the conservation of tigers and leopards.

关键词： carnivores coexistence mechanisms competitive interactions exploitative competition interference competition

Fine mapping and characterization of stripe rust resistance gene YrAYH in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross involving wheat landrace Anyuehong

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 826-835页

作者： Li Long Jue Li Linyu Huang Huiling Jin Fangnian Guan Haipeng Zhang Sasa Zhao Hao Li Zhien Pu Wei Li Qiantao Jiang Yuming Wei Jian Ma Houyang Kang Shoufen Dai Pengfei Qi Qiang Xu Mei Deng Youliang Zheng Yunfeng Jiang Matthew James Moscou Guoyue Chen State Key laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina College of Resources Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina The Sainsbury laboratory Norwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHEnglandUK United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Cereal Disease LaboratorySt.PaulMN 55108USA

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis ***(Pst),is a devastating disease in wheat *** and characterizing new resistance genes/QTL is crucial for wheat breeding *** this study,we fine-mapped and characterized a stripe rust resistance gene,YRAYH,on chromosome arm 5BL in the Chinese wheat landrace Anyuehong(AYH).Evaluations of stripe rust response to prevalent Chinese Pst races in near-isogenic lines derived from a cross of Anyuehong and Taichung 29 showed that YrAYH conferred a high level of resistance at all growth *** mapping using a large segregating population of 9748 plants,narrowed the YRAYH locus to a 3.7 Mb interval on chromosome arm 5BL that included 61 annotated *** analysis of two NIL pairs identified 64 upregulated differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the resistant NILs(NILs-R).Annotations indicated that many of these genes have roles in plant disease resistance *** a combined approach of fine-mapping and transcriptome sequencing,we identified a serine/threonine-protein kinase SRPK as a candidate gene underlying YrAYH.A unique 25 bp insertion was identified in the NILs-R compared to the NILs-S and previously published wheat *** InDel marker was developed and co-segregated with *** trait evaluation of the NILs suggested that YrAYH not only reduces the impact of stripe rust but was also associated with a gene that increases plant height and spike length.

关键词： Candidate gene analysis Crop protection Puccinia striiformis Transcriptome analyses

Long radial coherence of electron temperature fluctuations in non-local transport in HL-2A plasmas

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 413-420页

作者：石中兵方凯锐李景春邹晓岚卢兆旸闻杰王占辉丁玄同陈伟杨曾辰蒋敏季小全佟瑞海李永高施陪万钟武律许敏 Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041China Department of Earth and Space Sciences Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Safety College of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China CEA IRFMSaint-Paul-lez-Durance 13108France

The dynamics of long-wavelength(kθ<1.4 cm^(-1)),broadband(20 kHz–200 kHz)electron temperature fluctuations(Te/Te)of plasmas in gas-puff experiments are observed for the first time in HL-2A *** a relatively low density(ne(0)■0.91×10^(19)m^(-3)–1.20×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,after gas-puffing the core temperature increases and the edge temperature *** the contrary,temperature fluctuation drops at the core and increases at the *** show the non-local emergence is accompanied with a long radial coherent length of turbulent *** in a higher density(ne(0)?1.83×10^(19)m^(-3)–2.02×10^(19)m^(-3))scenario,the phenomena are not ***,compelling evidence indicates that E×B shear serves as a substantial contributor to this extensive radial *** finding offers a direct explanatory link to the intriguing core-heating phenomenon witnessed within the realm of non-local transport.

关键词： nuclear fusion non-local transport tokamak gas-puffing

用于先进光刻的混金属钛锆氧簇光刻胶（英文）

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Science China Materials 2024年第10期67卷 3132-3141页

作者：乔洋史广月张鸥李尤 Michaela Vockenhuber Yasin Ekinci 罗锋张磊 School of Materials Science and Engineering Nankai University paul Scherrer Institute Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology Institute of Modern Optics College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering Nankai University

极紫外光刻（EUVL）和电子束光刻（EBL）被认为是制造纳米级半导体器件的关键光刻技术.然而,随着业界对分辨率、灵敏度和粗糙度等方面的要求日益提升,开发符合产业界需要的极紫外光刻胶仍面临着挑战.近年来,金属氧簇光刻胶因其对极紫外... 详细信息

极紫外光刻（EUVL）和电子束光刻（EBL）被认为是制造纳米级半导体器件的关键光刻技术.然而,随着业界对分辨率、灵敏度和粗糙度等方面的要求日益提升,开发符合产业界需要的极紫外光刻胶仍面临着挑战.近年来,金属氧簇光刻胶因其对极紫外光的高吸收截面和纳米级均一尺寸,在EUV光刻领域引起了广泛关注.在本研究中,我们采用混金属策略合成了四种钛锆氧簇光刻胶,并详细研究了它们的溶解性、显影剂的选择、电子束和极紫外光刻性能、复杂图案转移能力以及相比硅的蚀刻选择性.研究结果表明,R-4光刻胶在低剂量电子束下可实现25 nm的特征尺寸,而在EUV光刻测试中,19.7 mJ cm-2的灵敏度即可获得50 nm的分辨率.本研究提出了一种通过混金属策略优化金属氧簇光刻胶性能的方法,为下一代商用EUV光刻胶的开发提供了新的思路.

关键词： heterometallic nanocluster photoresists electron beam lithography extreme ultraviolet lithography

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Perspectives in human brain plasticity sparked by glioma invasion:from intraoperative(re)mappings to neural reconfigurations

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 947-948页

作者： Sam Ng Hugues Duffau Guillaume Herbet Department of Neurosurgery Gui de Chauliac HospitalMontpellier University Medical CenterMontpellierFrance Institute of Functional Genomics University of MontpellierCNRSINSERMMontpellierFrance Praxiling laboratory UMR5267CNRSPaul Valéry-Montpellier 3 UniversityMontpellierFrance

Exploring the aptitude of the human brain to compensate functional consequences of a lesion damaging its structural architecture is a key challenge to improve patient care in various neurological diseases,to optimize neuroscientifically-informed strategies of postlesional rehabilitation,and ultimately to develop innovative neuro-regenerative *** term‘plasticity’,initially referring to the intrinsic propensity of neurons to modulate their synaptic transmission in a learning situation,was progressively transposed to brain injury research and clinical ***,in the event of brain damage,adaptive mechanisms of compensation allow a partial reshaping of the structure and activities of the central nervous system,thus permitting to some extent the maintenance of brain functions.

关键词： plasticity figuration consequences

Leaf habit differentiation explains trait tradeoffs across savanna woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 287-295页

作者： Yangsiding Wang Da Yang German Vargas G. Guangyou Hao Jennifer S.Powers Yan Ke Qin Wang Yunbing Zhang Jiaolin Zhang CAS Key laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Biological Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84112USA CAS Key laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Department of Ecology Evolution and BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMN 55108USA

Identifying how leaf habit subdivisions link to the fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance trait tradeoffs can provide new insight into divergence in ecophysiological strategies among plant functional groups. Here, we tested a hypothesis that the differentiation across deciduous, semi-deciduous and evergreen woody species contributes to physiological trait tradeoffs in a dry-hot valley savanna. We investigated 11 photosynthetic, morphological and hydraulic traits of 24 species including 8 deciduous, 10 semi-deciduous and 6 evergreen species. Deciduous species were grouped in the fast and avoidance side associated with high values of maximum photosynthetic rates,stomatal conductance and leaf size, while evergreen species were grouped in the slow and tolerance side associated with high photosynthetic water use efficiency, leaf mass per area, sapwood density, Huber value, leaf water potential at turgor loss point and water potential causing 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductance. Semideciduous species generally had intermediate trait values and represented different physiological characteristics when compared to deciduous and evergreen species. The physiological trait tradeoffs showed a close linkage to the differentiation of these three leaf habits. Our findings clearly reveal trait tradeoffs related to fast–slow and avoidance–tolerance strategies among diverse savanna plants, suggesting a syndrome in multiple ecophysiology strategies across different leaf habits.

关键词： Dry-hot habitat Gas exchange Hydraulics Phenology Tolerance Valley savanna

Microscopic Magnetism of Nickel-Based Infinite-Layer Superconducting Parent Compounds RNiO_(2)(R=La,Nd):AμSR Study

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第9期41卷 133-139页

作者： Qiong Wu Ying Fu Le Wang Xuefeng Zhou Shanmin Wang Zihao Zhu Kaiwen Chen Chengyu Jiang Toni Shiroka Adrian D.Hillier Jia-Wei Mei Lei Shu State Key laboratory of Surface Physics Department of PhysicsFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of PhysicsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China laboratory for Muon-Spin Spectroscopy Paul Scherrer InstituteCH-5232 Villigen PSISwitzerland Laboratorium fur Festkorperphysik ETH ZurichCH-8093 ZurichSwitzerland ISIS Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcotOxfordshireOX110QXUnited Kingdom Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China

By using muon spin relaxation(μSR)measurements,we perform a comparative study of the microscopic magnetism in the parent compounds of infinite-layer nickelate superconductors RNiO_(2)(R=La,Nd).In either compound,the zero-fieldμSR spectra down to the lowest measured temperature reveal no long-range magnetic *** LaNiO_(2),short-range spin correlations appear below T=150 K,and spins fully freeze below T∼10 ***_(2)exhibits a more complex spin dynamics driven by the Nd 4𝑓and Ni3d electron spin ***,it shows features suggesting the proximity to a spin-glass state occurring below T=5 *** both compounds,the spin behavior with temperature is further confirmed by longitudinal-fieldμSR *** results provide new insight into the magnetism of the parent compounds of the superconducting nickelates,crucial to understanding the microscopic origin of their superconductivity.

关键词： order. nickel relaxation