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Comparative Efficacy of Lifestyle Modifications versus Pharmacotherapy on Weight Loss and Metabolic Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 17-29页

作者： Abiodun Omolara Aboaba Miracle Chinonso Okoro Okelue Edwards Okobi Ifeoluwa Mary Falade Omosefe Enibokun Ogbeifun Shalom Katas Kingsley Agbodike Uvieroghene Peter Ogbebor Moriamo Adedoyin Fashugba School of Medicine Avalon University Willemstad Curaao College of Medicine Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Larkin Community Hospital Palm Spring Campus Miami FL USA Department of Medicine Mersey and West Lancashire Teaching Hospitals Rainhill UK Department of Family Medicine University of Alabama Birmingham AL USA College of Medicine International University of the Health Sciences (IUHS) Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis Department of Internal Medicine Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Madonna University Elele Nigeria Department of Internal Medicine University of Science Arts and Technology Olveston Montserrat

Background: Obesity has become a serious global public health challenge, given that it leads to various adverse health outcomes that include cardiovascular illnesses, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that, at the end of 2022, 1 out of every 8 individuals were obese, and that the global adult obesity rates have over doubled since 1990, even as the adolescent obesity rates have quadrupled. Thus, as of 2022, nearly 2.5 billion adults, aged 18 years and above, were overweight, with 890 million being obese. Obesity and overweight incidence rate has been gradually increasing over the years, presenting significant challenges to the healthcare systems throughout the globe. In this regard, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. Methodology: To attain the above stated study objective, a systematic evaluation of previous studies was carried out, particularly studies that assessed the effectiveness and safety of lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity) and pharmacotherapy in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic health in overweight adults. The authors have used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in the selection of eligible studies for inclusion in the study. Results: The findings indicate that lifestyle interventions resulted in 5% - 10% weight reduction and significant improvements in metabolic indicators, while pharmacotherapy (GLP-1 receptor agonists) achieved up to 15% weight reduction and considerable metabolic health benefits. Further, comparative studies show lifestyle modifications provide overall health benefits, while medication is necessary for non-responders. Conclusion: Individualized treatment strategies are crucial, and further research is needed

关键词： Obesity Overweight Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy Glucose Metabolism Disorders

Tumor-targeted niosome as novel carrier for intravenous administration of tocotrienol

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016年第1期11卷 79-80页

作者： Ju-Yen Fu Doryn Meam Yee Tan Hui Meng Er Yu Sui Chen Kalanithi Nesaretnam Malaysian palm Oil Board Bandar Baru BangiSelangor 43000Malaysia international Medical University Bukit JalilKuala Lumpur 57000Malaysia

Tocotrienol(T3),the unsaturated form of vitamin E,has gained global attention due to its potent anticancer effects against a wide range of *** abundantly in palm oil[1],T3was reported to exhibit their anti-cancer properties via various pathways including anti-proliferative,anti-angiogenesis,antiinflammatory,apoptosis and improvement of immunological function[2].However,the lack of tumor specificity and rapid body clearance have restricted the clinical applications of T3[3].

关键词： Tocotrienol Niosome Tumour-targeted Breast cancer

History, current status, and prospects of soybean production and research in sub-Saharan Africa

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 226-235页

作者： Dalia Mohamedkheir Khojely Seifeldin Elrayah Ibrahim Enoch Sapey Tianfu Han MOA Key Lab of Soybean Biology (Beijing) Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Gezira Research Station Agricultural Research Corporation (ARC) Oil palm Breeding and Genetics CSIR-Oil Palm Research Institute

Soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) is a non-native and non-staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) with potential to be a commercial crop owing to its wide range of uses as food, feed,and industrial raw material. Soybean was first introduced to SSA by Chinese traders in the19 th century and was cultivated as an economic crop as early as 1903 in South Africa. In the past four decades, soybean cultivation area and production in SSA has increased exponentially, from about 20,000 ha and 13,000 t in the early 1970 s to 1,500,000 ha and2,300,000 t in 2016. Soybean yield has been stagnant in SSA for decades at about 1.1 t ha^(-1),much lower than the world average, representing one of the most challenging issues in the soybean industry in SSA. The low soybean yield in SSA can be attributed to the use of poorperforming varieties and to the limited application of fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants in soils with no history of soybean production. South Africa, Nigeria, Zambia, and Uganda are the leading soybean producers in SSA. Soybean research in SSA is conducted by international and national research institutions, including IITA, national soybean improvement programs, universities, and the private sector. Between 1970 and 2011, 195 soybean varieties were released by IITA, private breeders, and national soybean improvement programs in SSA. This paper reviews the history and current state of soybean production and of the utilization and adoption of tropical varieties in SSA, addresses the major soybean yield-limiting factors across the region, and discusses the potential of the soybean industry in SSA. It also highlights soybean improvement efforts and lessons learned from previous soybean improvement efforts and the current progress of some national soybean improvement programs in SSA. Opportunities for scaling up tropical soybean as a major crop across SSA countries are promising.

关键词： Soybean Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) History Current status Prospects

Effects of Fiber Supplementation for Four Weeks on Athletic Performance in Japanese College Athletes: A Case Study—Measurement of the Athletic Performance, Salivary Biomarkers of Stress, and Mood, Affect Balance

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Health 2017年第3期9卷 556-567页

作者： Fusako Sugiyama Takuji Yamaguchi Ailing Hu Aya Kobayashi Hiroyuki Kobayashi Department of Hospital Administration Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan palm international shonan Kanagawa Japan Institute of Next Generation SMILE Tokyo Japan Center for Advanced Kampo Medicine and Clinical Research Graduate School of Medicine Juntendo University Tokyo Japan

Aim: In this study, we explored the effects of dietary fiber on athletic performance. Methods: Twenty healthy college athletes (male/female, 1/1) consumed 6 grams of dietary fiber (Fiberpro, Taiyo Lab Inc., Tokyo) daily for four weeks and were evaluated for their athletic performance, salivary biomarkers of stress (α-amylase activity pre-post exercise, cortisol, melatonin, and secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels), and mood/affect using the Profile of Mood State 2nd edition (POMS 2®). Measurements were taken at baseline (before supplementation), at Week 4 (after 4 weeks of supplementation), and at Week 8 (4 weeks after the completion of supplementation). Results: Results showed that athletic performance and exercise-induced elevation in salivary α-amylase activity improved with Fiberpro supplementation in both men and women. Further, the Anger-Hostility scale in POMS was significantly elevated in men;in women, an increase in Vigor-Activity score, a single index of positive mood, was noted. These findings suggest that Fiberpro may induce differential affective responses in men and women. Meanwhile, Fiberpro did not affect the normal diurnal changes in salivary melatonin and SIgA levels, but it appeared to augment the normal circadian patterns of cortisol, an effect that persisted for a month without Fiberpro intake. We propose that boosting fiber intake in young, healthy athletes may improve gut microbiota and confer resilience against stress.

关键词： Athletic Performance Dietary Fiber Salivary Assay Stress

A Chromosome-level Reference Genome of African Oil palm Provides Insights into Its Divergence and Stress Adaptation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第3期21卷 440-454页

作者： Le Wang May Lee Zi Yi Wan Bin Bai Baoqing Ye Yuzer Alfiko Rahmadsyah Rahmadsyah Sigit Purwantomo Zhuojun Song Antonius Suwanto Gen Hua Yue Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory Singapore 117604Singapore Wheat Research Institute Gansu Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730070China Biotech Lab Wilmar InternationalBekasi 17530Indonesia R&D Department Wilmar International PlantationPalembang 30118Indonesia Department of Biological Sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore 117558Singapore

The palm family(Arecaceae),consisting of2600 species,is the third most economically important family of *** African oil palm(Elaeis guineensis)is one of the most important ***,the genome sequences of palms that are currently available are still limited and ***,we report a high-quality chromosome-level reference genome of an oil palm,Dura,assembled by integrating long reads with150 genome *** assembled genome was 1.7 Gb in size,covering 94.5%of the estimated genome,of which 91.6%was assigned into 16 pseudochromosomes and 73.7%was repetitive *** on the conserved synteny with oil palm,the existing draft genome sequences of both date palm and coconut were further assembled into chromosomal *** burst,particularly long terminal repeat retrotransposons,following the last whole-genome duplication,likely explains the genome size variation across *** analysis of the VIRESCENS gene in palms suggests that DNA variations in this gene are related to fruit *** duplications of highly tandemly repeated pathogenesis-related proteins from the same tandem arrays play an important role in defense responses to ***-genome resequencing of both ancestral African and introduced oil palms in Southeast Asia reveals that genes under putative selection are notably associated with stress responses,suggesting adaptation to stresses in the new *** genomic resources and insights gained in this study could be exploited for accelerating genetic improvement and understanding the evolution of palms.

关键词： Oil palm Genome Evolution VIRESCENS Molecular breeding

Analyzing CO_(2) concentration changes and their influencing factors in Indonesia by OCO-2 and other multi-sensor remote-sensing data

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2018年第8期11卷 825-844页

作者： Shuai Yin Xiufeng Wang Heri Santoso Hiroshi Tani Guosheng Zhong Zhongyi Sun Graduate School of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Research Faculty of Agriculture Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan c Indonesian Oil palm Research Institute MedanNorth SumatraIndonesia

We used OCO-2 products and considered three factors that potentially affect CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia:sea surface temperature(SST),forest fires and *** 2014 to 2016,CO_(2) concentration in Indonesia showed a trend of increase,which is consistent with the global increase reported by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite(GOSAT)*** an archipelago country,the results indicate that SST has a direct effect on the CO_(2) concentration in *** changing exhibits similar fluctuations;meanwhile,CO_(2) concentration and SST also presented positive *** 2015,the number of fire hotspots suddenly increased to 140,699,because of occurrence of the worst forest *** to special geographic conditions,forest fires did not induce CO_(2) concentration changes in Indonesia,but CO_(2) concentration in the corresponding islands showed a trend of ***_(2) concentration increased in Kalimantan during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October 2014,and CO_(2) concentration increased in Kalimantan and Sumatra during the occurrence of forest fire in September–October *** indices were stable and presented no correlation with CO_(2) *** study demonstrated that OCO-2 is capable of monitoring CO_(2) concentration at a regional scale;additionally,an effective method for using OCO-2 Level 2 products is proposed.

关键词： GOSAT Kalimantan SST Sumatra X_(CO_(2))

Two surgical pathways for isolated hip fractures:A comparative study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第6期14卷 399-410页

作者： Alexander A Fokin Joanna Wycech Knight Maral Darya Ryan Stalder Ivan Puente Russell D Weisz Trauma and Critical Care Services Delray Medical CenterDelray BeachFL 33484United States Department of Surgery Charles E.Schmidt College of MedicineFlorida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Trauma and Critical Care Services Broward Health Medical CenterFort LauderdaleFL 33316United States Charles E.Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Department of Surgery Herbert Wertheim College of MedicineFlorida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199United States Department of Orthopedics South Palm OrthopedicsDelray BeachFL 33445United States

BACKGROUND Hip fractures(HF)are common among the aging population,and surgery within 48 h is *** can be hospitalized for surgery through different pathways,either trauma or medicine admitting *** To compare management and outcomes among patients admitted through the trauma pathway(TP)vs medical pathway(MP).METHODS This Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective study included 2094 patients with proximal femur fractures(AO/Orthopedic Trauma Association Type 31)who underwent surgery at a level 1 trauma center between *** were 69 patients admitted through the TP and 2025 admitted through the *** ensure comparability between groups,66 of the 2025 MP patients were propensity matched to 66 TP patients by age,sex,HF type,HF surgery,and American Society of Anesthesiology *** statistical analyses included multivariable analysis,group characteristics,and bivariate correlation comparisons with theχ^(2)test and *** After propensity matching,the mean age in both groups was 75-years-old,62%of both groups were females,the main HF type was intertrochanteric(TP 52%vs MP 62%),open reduction internal fixation was the most common surgery(TP 68%vs MP 71%),and the mean American Society of Anesthesiology score was 2.8 for TP and 2.7 for *** majority of patients in TP and MP(71%vs 74%)were geriatric(≥65-years-old).Falls were the main mechanism of injury in both groups(77%vs 97%,P=0.001).There were no significant differences in pre-surgery anticoagulation use(49%vs 41%),admission day of the week,or insurance *** incidence of comorbidities was equal(94%for both)with cardiac comorbidities being dominant in both groups(71%vs 73%).The number of preoperative consultations was similar for TP and MP,with the most common consultation being cardiology in both(44%and 36%).HF displacement occurred more among TP patients(76%vs 39%,P=0.000).Time to surgery was not statistically different(23 h in both),but length of surgery was sig

关键词： Isolated hip fractures Admitting service Trauma center Time to surgery American Society of Anesthesiologists score Preoperative consultations

Effect of reduction roasting by using bio-char derived from empty fruit bunch on the magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore

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international Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2014年第4期21卷 326-330页

作者： Nurul A.Yunus Mohd H.Ani Hamzah M.Salleh Rusila Z.A.Rashid Tomohiro Akiyama Hadi Purwanto Nur E.F.Othman Faculty of Engineering International Islamic University Malaysia Center for Advanced Research of Energy and Materials Faculty of EngineeringHokkaido University

Beneficiation of Malaysian iron ore is becoming necessary as iron resources are depleting. However, the upgrading process is challenging because of the weak magnetic properties of Malaysian iron ore. In this study, bio-char derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch （EFB） was utilized as an energy source for reduction roasting. Mixtures of Malaysian iron ore and the bio-char were pressed into briquettes and subjected to reduction roasting processes at 873-1173 K. The extent of reduction was estimated on the basis of mass loss, and the mag-netization of samples was measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）. When reduced at 873 K, the original goethite-rich ore was converted into hematite. An increase in temperature to 1073 K caused a significant conversion of hematite into magnetite and enhanced the magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization of samples. The magnetic properties diminished at 1173 K as the iron ore was par-tially reduced to wustite. This reduction roasting by using the bio-char can assist in upgrading the iron ore by improving its magnetic proper-ties

关键词： iron ores ore reduction ore roasting bio-char magnetic properties

Lamellar keratoplasty with corneoscleral graft for limbal dermoids

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international Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第3期11卷 512-515页

作者： Oriel Spierer Daniel Gologorsky Eldad Adler Richard K. Forster Bascom palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Palm Beach Gardens Florida 33418 USA Department of Ophthalmology E. Wolfson Medical Center Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 69978 Israel

To assess the postoperative outcomes of limbal dermoid excision with corneoscleral graft transplantation. The charts of 8 consecutive patients （mean age： 13.0y） who had undergone limbal dermoid excision with lamellar corneosclerai graft transplantation by a single surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. Mean dermoid size was 7.75 mm （6.0-12.0 mm）. Mean visual acuities （in IogMAR units） before and after surgery were 1.8 and 1.7, respectively （P=0.29）. Spherical equivalents were 1.3 diopter （D） before surgery and 0.7 D after surgery （P=0.40）. The mean astigmatism measurements before and after surgery were 2.4 D and 1.5 D, respectively （P=0.17）. Vector analysis revealed a mild change in astigmatism with a mean ＂d＂ of 3,2 （0,56-6.89）, No intra- or post-operative complications occurred. Lamellar keratoplasty for limbal dermoids is safe and offers good cosmesis and tectonic stability. A significant decrease in the amount of astigmatism is not expected following surgery.

关键词： limbal dermoid lamellar keratoplasty pediatric keratoplasty comeoscleral graft astigmatism