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Causes of developmental delay in children of 5 to 72 months old at the child neurology unit of Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and paediatric Hospital (Cameroon)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2013年第3期3卷 279-285页

作者： Séraphin Nguefack Karen Kengne Kamga Boniface Moifo Andréas Chiabi Evelyn Mah Elie Mbonda Departement of Pediatric neurology Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital Yaoundé Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaounde I Yaoundé Cameroon

Background: According to the World Health Organization, about 5% of children world-wide of 14-year-old and under have a moderate to severe developmental disability, and up to 15% of children under 5-year-old are developmentally delayed. Purpose: To determine the prevalence, socio-demographic profile, aetiologies, and the clinical presentation of developmental delay in children less than 6-year-old at the child neurology unit in a university-affiliated hospital in Yaounde. Materials and methods: It was a crosssectional descriptive study carried out in Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and paediatric Hospital (Cameroon) from August to December 2012. Children aged between 5 - 72 months with a developmental quotient less than 70 were enrolled. Developmental delay (DD) was diagnosed and classified using the Denver developmental screening test (DDST). Data concerning the child (age, gender, severity of DD), the mother (age, age at conception, educational level, marital status), history of pregnancy and delivery, perinatal and postnatal events, results of para-clinical explorations (EEG, CT-scan, genetic tests), the severity of DD and the probable or demonstrate cause of DD were recorded on a standardized questionnaire. The chisquare test was used to compare variables. Results: During the study period, 2171 children aged 5 - 72 months consulted the paediatric department of the hospital, 296 were examined at the child neurology unit of which 153 had a developmental quotient less than 70, giving a hospital prevalence of 7.0% and a prevalence of 51.7% at the child neurology unit. The mean age was 26.6 ± 18.0 months and there were 56% males. The main reason for consulting was tonus disorder (43.8%) and the developmental area of parental concern was the motor domain (90.2%). Regarding the clinical presentation, 75.2% of our population were children with cerebral palsy. DD was severe, mild, moderate and profound respectively in 14.2%, 13.5%, 12.2%, and 11.1%. Gross DD represented 90.2%

关键词： Developmental Delay Risk Factors Aetiologies Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Children Cameroon

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Autoimmune encephalopathies in children:diagnostic clues and therapeutic challenges

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2016年第1期3卷 147-155页

作者： Giorgia Olivieri Ilaria Contaldo Gloria Ferrantini Elisa Musto Roberta Scalise Maria Chiara Stefanini Domenica Battaglia Eugenio Mercuri Department of paediatric neurology and Psychiatry Catholic University of Sacred Heart00168 RomeItaly

Neuronal surface antibody syndromes(NSAS)encompass a variety of disorders associated with“neuronal surface antibodies”.These share clinical and neuroradiological features that pose challenges related to their recognition and *** epidemiological studies show a clear predominance for the glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in both adults and pediatric *** this,the overall NSAS’s incidence remains underestimated,and diagnosis persists to be not always easy to *** on current literature data,in this paper the authors propose a diagnostic pathway to approach and treat pediatric *** autoimmune etiology can be suggested through the integration of clinical,immunological,electrophysiological and neuroradiological *** that basis,a target treatment can be started,consisting of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange as a first-line immunotherapy,followed by second-line drugs including rituximab,cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mophetil,if the *** children a prompt diagnosis and a targeted treatment may lead to a better clinical *** further studies are required to assess the need of more tailored treatments according to long-term outcome findings and prognostic factors in different NSAS.

关键词： Autoimmune encephalitis children diagnosis

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Effectiveness of EEG Biofeedback as Compared with Methylphenidate in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cinical Out-Come Study

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2011年第2期2卷 78-86页

作者： Mohammad Ali Nazari Laurent Querne Alain De Broca Patrick Berquin Department of Psychology University of Tabriz Department of paediatric neurology Lab. Neurosciences Fonctionnelles & Pathologies

Operant conditioning of the electroencephalographic rhythm (EEG biofeedback) is argued to be an effective method for treating children with ADHD. This study was designed to evaluate whether this method, compared to methylphenidate, achieves an equally effective outcome. Participants were 39 children aged between 7-12 years. Thirteen children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were trained to enhance the amplitude of the beta1 activity (15-18 Hz) and decrease the amplitude of the theta activity (4-8 Hz), and 13 of which were treated with methylphenidate alone. Thirteen healthy children did not receive intervention. Several behavioral, neuropsychological and experimental tests were administered before and after intervention. While behavioral measures were improved by both types of method, methylphenidate was significantly more effective than EEG biofeedback. Response inhibition was improved only by EEG biofeedback. Both EEG biofeedback and methylphenidate were associated with improvements on the variability and accuracy measures of computerized tests. Intellectual ability increased also by both methods. Although averaged effect size for methylphenidate seems to be greater than for EEG biofeedback, the difference was not significant. In conjunction with other studies, these findings demonstrate that EEG biofeedback can significantly improve several be-havioral and cognitive functions in children with ADHD, and it might be an alternative treatment for non-responders or incomplete responders to medication as well as for those their parents favor a non-pharmacological treatment.

关键词： ADHD Electroencephalography EEG biofeedback Neurofeedback Methylphenidate

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Antiphospholipid syndrome and its role in pediatric cerebrovascular diseases: A literature review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第10期8卷 1806-1817页

作者： Beata Sarecka-Hujar Ilona Kopyta Department of Basic Biomedical Science School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in SosnowiecMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceSosnowiec 41200Poland Department of paediatric neurology School of Medicine in KatowiceMedical University of Silesia in KatowiceSosnowiec 41200Poland

Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)or Hughes syndrome is an acquired thromboinflammatory *** criteria of APS diagnosis are large-and small-vessel thrombosis as well as obstetric problems;laboratory criteria are the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies(lupus anticoagulant,anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-β2-glycoprotein-1).The presence of at least 1 clinical and 1 laboratory criterion allows definitive diagnosis of *** APS is diagnosed in patients without features of connective tissue disease;secondary APS is diagnosed in patients with clinical signs of autoimmune disease.A high frequency of catastrophic APS as well as a high tendency to evolve from primary APS to secondary syndrome during the course of lupus and lupus-like disease is a feature of pediatric *** most characteristic clinical presentation of APS in the pediatric population is venous thrombosis,mainly in the lower limbs,and arterial thrombosis causing ischemic brain ***,no diagnostic criteria for pediatric APS exist,which probably results in an underestimation of the ***,no therapeutic procedures for APS specific for children have yet been *** the present literature review,we discussed data concerning APS in children and its role in cerebrovascular diseases,including pediatric arterial ischemic stroke,migraine and cerebral venous thrombosis.

关键词： Antiphospholipid syndrome Antiphospholipid antibodies Lupus anticoagulant Anti-β2-glycoprotein-1 Children Thrombosis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第19期10卷 6370-6384页

作者： Daniela Chieffo Carla Avallone Annamaria Serio Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis Marta Balocchi Ilaria De Luca Daniele Hirsch Angela Gonsalez del Castillo Pierluigi Lanzotti Giuseppe Marano Lucio Rinaldi Antonio Lanzone Eugenio Mercuri Marianna Mazza Gabriele Sani Service of Clinical Psychology Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168Italy Department of Neurosciences Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168Italy Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168Italy paediatric neurology unit Catholic University of Sacred HeartRome 00168Italy Department of Geriatrics Neuroscience and OrthopedicsFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSUniversitàCattolica del Sacro CuoreRome 00168Italy

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic impacted in a still undefined way pregnant women’s mental *** are reports of mood and affect changes in the general population and the suggestion that similar changes occur also in the pregnant *** greater vulnerability of women during the COVID-19 restriction period may translate into a greater risk for mental disorders in the gestational *** hypothesised that pregnant women in the prepandemic period would have less psychopathology and more psychological support than pregnant women during the pandemic restriction *** To compare pregnant women for anxiety,prenatal depression,psychopathology,and social support before and after the awareness of the *** administered to women willing to participate in their 2nd-3rd trimesters of pregnancy theEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS),the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y(STAI-Y),and the Symptom CheckList-90-Revised(SCL-90R);we further collected sociodemographicvariables and explored women’s social *** comparison was *** firstsample was termed nonCOVID-19 because data were gathered before the COVID-19 outbreak(January 2020-February 2020)was declared,and the second sample termed COVID-19 becauseparticipants were already subjected to the COVID-19-related restrictive measures(January 2021-February 2021).Since normal distribution was not met(Shapiro-Wilk test applied),we appliednonparametric Mann-Whitney’s U-test to compare psychometric *** standards were *** nonCOVID-19 group reported higher support from partners only,while the COVID-19 groupreported multiple support(χ^(2)=9.7181;P=0.021);the nonCOVID-19 group scored higher than theCOVID-19 group only on state anxiety among psychometric scales[STAI-Y1,nonCOVID-19median=39(95%CI:39.19-51.10)vs COVID-19 median=32(95%CI:30.83-38.90);Mann-Whitney’sU=117.5,P=0.00596].Other measures did not differ meaningfully between the two gr

关键词： COVID-19 pandemic Pregnancy Social Support Anxiety Depression Psychopathology

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Comparison of Baclofen and Tizanidine in Reducing Spasticity in Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Control Trial

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第4期10卷 617-625页

作者： Nazmul Haque Narayan Saha Tahmina Ahmed Bithi Debnath Abid Hossain Mollah Ekhlasur Rahman Department of paediatric neurology National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Infertility unit Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dhaka Medical College Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of paediatrics BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of paediatrics Anwar Khan Modern Medical College and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Cerebral palsy is the most common chronic motor disability that begins in childhood with the predominant motor abnormality that is spasticity. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of oral baclofen and oral tizanidine in reducing spasticity in cerebral palsy patients. Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 2010 to December 2011 and it was carried out in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Pediatrics at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh and Center for Neurodevelopment and Autism in Children (CNAC) of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: A total number of 70 cerebral palsy children were recruited for this study of which 35 patients were in Tizanidine group and 35 patients were in baclofen group. Furthermore

关键词： Cerebral Palsy Spasticity Baclofen Tizanidine

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Role of Routine Benzodiazepin in Eliciting Classical Electroencephalogram (EEG) Response in Suspected Sub-Acute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) Cases

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2017年第1期7卷 32-37页

作者： Yamin Shahriar Chowdhury Narayan Chandra Saha M. Abdullah Yusuf Ariful Islam S. K. Azimul Hoque Rajib Nayan Chowdhury M. Enayet Hussain Department of paediatric neurology National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Microbiology National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: EEG could be normal or atypical in spite of suggestive clinical features and positive measles Ab of SSPE cases which could have typical EEG pattern after Benzodiazepine. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out the necessity of administration of benzodiazepine during EEG recording of SSPE cases as well as to compare the efficacy of diazepam and midazolam in eliciting EEG pattern. Methodology: This double blind, parallel, single centered, non-randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Pediatric neurology at National Institute of Neurosciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2014 to June 2015 for a period of 1 (one) year. All the clinical and investigational suspected cases of sub-acute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) children in both sexes were included as study population. Others neurodegenerative diseases including Wilson’s disease were excluded from this study. Patients were divided into two groups named as group A who were given diazepam and the other group B was given midazolam in IV during EEG recording. The clinical outcomes were measured and were recorded in a pre-designed data sheet. Result: The characteristic typical periodic slow wave complex (PSWC) was found only in 8 (30.8%) patients among the 26 (100.0%) before intervention with benzodiazepines. The remaining 18 (69.2%) had non-typical PSWC of which 10 (38.5%) were normal, 3 (11.5%) with atypical PSWC and 5 (19.2%) were with other EEG findings. After intervention with benzodiazepines, 23 (88.5%) had shown typical PSWC and only 3 (11.5%) had non-typical PSWC. Among the typical PSWC cases after intervention, 8 (30.8%) had normal EEG initially, 5 (19.2%) had other EEG finding, 2 (7.7%) had non-typical PSWC and 8 (30.8%) had typical PSWC from the beginning. Of the 3 (11.5%) of the non-typical PSWC of intervention group, 2 (7.7%) had shown no changes in EEG from the beginning and 1 (3.8%) had shown other EEG finding. The difference between before and after int

关键词： Sub-Acute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE) EEG Diazepam Midazolam

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Epileptic Encephalopathies in Infants and Children: Study of Clinico-Electroencephalographic Spectrum in a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期11卷 339-350页

作者： Bithi Debnath Rajib Nayan Chowdhury Narayan Chandra Shaha Mohammad Enayet Hussain Department of paediatric neurology National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Sher-E-Bangla Nagar Dhaka Bangladesh Department of Neurophysiology National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Sher-E-Bangla Nagar Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: The epileptic encephalopathies collectively exact an immense personal, medical, and financial toll on the affected children, their families, and the healthcare system. Objective: This study was aimed to delineate the clinical spectrum of patients with Epileptic encephalopathies (EEs) and classify them under various epileptic syndromes. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in the department of Neurophysiology of the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2019. Children with recurrent seizures which were difficult to control and associated with developmental arrest or regression in absence of a progressive brain pathology were considered to be suffering from E

关键词： Epileptic Encephalopathy (EE) EEG Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy (IEE) Clinico-Electroencephalographic Spectrum West Syndrome

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纵谈全球儿童健康状况(英文)

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北京大学学报（医学版） 2013年第2期45卷 165-173页

作者： Chok-wan CHAN International Pediatric Association GenevaSwitzerland Hong Kong paediatric Foundation Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionPeople's Republic of China Hong Kong Society of Child neurology and Developmental paediatrics Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Modern definition of child health evolves over the past six decades from ＂a state of freedom from diseases＂ to ＂a state of physical, mental and social wellbeing＂, further to the now ＂enhancement of attainment of one＇s poten-tial in life＂. This illustrates the concept of health consequent to the good control of infectious and genetic diseases, effective medical care of pregnancy and child delivery, excellent paediatric care in decreasing birth asphyxia and complication of prematurity as well as improving environmental health which we have just started to promote. We are now at a better stage of child survival and can afford to focus on the preventive arena of child health and on the quality of life. The child here includes the age from 0 - 18 years （ representing newborn, childhood and adolescent groups） and health covers the medical, social and educational sectors at home, school and community. It thus fol- lows that the professional team taking care of child health should be transdisciplinary and intersectoral comprising of doctors, nurses, midwives, allied health professionals, teachers, social workers, parents and others. Modem child healthcare thus stresses on the intersectoral collaboration and transdisciplinary cooperation of all professionals working together towards the optimum management of the continuum of care, meaning from parents to newborn, then to babies, children, adolescents （both boys and girls） who then become good parents accordingly. This cycle requires healthy components and therefore close cooperation of the professionals together.

关键词：世界卫生儿童保健服务儿科学千年发展目标

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The ketogenic diet for paediatric patients with super-refractory status epilepticus in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome

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Acta Epileptologica 2020年第1期2卷 25-31页

作者： Xinhua Wang Xuan Gao Guoping Lu Zhongying Lu Shuizhen Zhou Yi Wang Yuanfeng Zhou Department of neurology Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China. Department of Intensive Care unit Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China. Department of Clinical Nutrition Children’s Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China.

Objective:To investigate the effect and safety of ketogenic diet(KD)for the treatment of paediatric patients with super-refractory status epilepticus(SRSE)in febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome(FIRES).Method:From January 1,2015 to October 31,2017,ten critically ill paediatric patients with SRSE in FIRES were included in this study and treated with *** treatment effects of KD were evaluated by using continuous encephalography(CEEG)and amplitude-integrated electro-encephalography(aEEG).Results:All 10 patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of SRSE in FIRES and achieved ketosis within 24–72 h following the administration of *** and aEEG were monitored for several weeks to assess the efficacy of KD on status epilepticus(SE).SE was contained in 8 patients within 2 to 19 days after initiation of KD,and KD was discontinued in the other 2 *** of the 10 patients demonstrated severe adverse ***:KD may be an alternative and safe treatment option in critical paediatric patients with SRSE in FIRES.

关键词： Ketogenic diet paediatric Super-refractory status epilepticus Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome

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