Autoimmune encephalopathies in children:diagnostic clues and therapeutic challenges

作     者：Giorgia Olivieri Ilaria Contaldo Gloria Ferrantini Elisa Musto Roberta Scalise Maria Chiara Stefanini Domenica Battaglia Eugenio Mercuri 

作者机构：Department of Paediatric Neurology and PsychiatryCatholic University of Sacred Heart00168 RomeItaly 

出 版 物：《Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation》 (神经免疫与神经炎症（英文版）)

年 卷 期：2016年第3卷第1期

页      面：147-155页

学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学] 

主　　题：Autoimmune encephalitis children diagnosis 

摘      要：Neuronal surface antibody syndromes(NSAS)encompass a variety of disorders associated with“neuronal surface antibodies.These share clinical and neuroradiological features that pose challenges related to their recognition and *** epidemiological studies show a clear predominance for the glutamate-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in both adults and pediatric *** this,the overall NSAS’s incidence remains underestimated,and diagnosis persists to be not always easy to *** on current literature data,in this paper the authors propose a diagnostic pathway to approach and treat pediatric *** autoimmune etiology can be suggested through the integration of clinical,immunological,electrophysiological and neuroradiological *** that basis,a target treatment can be started,consisting of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin or plasma exchange as a first-line immunotherapy,followed by second-line drugs including rituximab,cyclophosphamide or mycophenolate mophetil,if the *** children a prompt diagnosis and a targeted treatment may lead to a better clinical *** further studies are required to assess the need of more tailored treatments according to long-term outcome findings and prognostic factors in different NSAS.