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Spike N354 glycosylation augments SARS-CoV-2 fitness for human adaptation through structural plasticity

National Science Review 2024年第7期11卷 80-94页

作者： Pan Liu Can Yue Bo Meng Tianhe Xiao Sijie Yang Shuo Liu Fanchong Jian Qianhui Zhu Yuanling Yu Yanyan Ren Peng Wang Yixin Li Jinyue Wang Xin Mao Fei Shao Youchun Wang Ravindra Kumar Gupta Yunlong Cao Xiangxi Wang CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity National Laboratory of MacromoleculesInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology&Infectious Disease(CITIID) University of Cambridge Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center(BIOPIC) Peking University Changping Laboratory Joint graduate program of Peking-tsinghua-nibs Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Peking-tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College

Selective pressures have given rise to a number of SARS-CoV-2 variants during the prolonged course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently evolved variants differ from ancestors in additional glycosylation within the spike protein receptor-binding domain(RBD). Details of how the acquisition of glycosylation impacts viral fitness and human adaptation are not clearly understood. Here, we dissected the role of N354-linked glycosylation, acquired by BA.2.86 sub-lineages, as a RBD conformational control element in attenuating viral infectivity. The reduced infectivity is recovered in the presence of heparin sulfate, which targets the‘N354 pocket’ to ease restrictions of conformational transition resulting in a ‘RBD-up’ state, thereby conferring an adjustable infectivity. Furthermore, N354 glycosylation improved spike cleavage and cell–cell fusion, and in particular escaped one subset of ADCC antibodies. Together with reduced immunogenicity in hybrid immunity background, these indicate a single spike amino acid glycosylation event provides selective advantage in humans through multiple mechanisms.

关键词： coronavirus glycosylation viral fitness adjustable infectivity co-factor usage viral evolution conformational modulator

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Optimal Time-of-use Pricing for Renewable Energy-powered Microgrids: A Multi-agent Evolutionary Game Theory-based Approach

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 162-174页

作者： Yu Zeng Yinliang Xu Xinwei Shen Hongbin Sun tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute.tsinghua Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

While price schedules can help improve the economic efficiency of renewable energy-powered microgrids,timeof-use(TOU)pricing has been identified as an effective way for microgrid development,which is presently limited by its high *** this study,we propose an evolutionary game theoretic model to explore optimal TOU pricing for development of renewable energy-powered microgrids by applying a multi-agent system,that comprises a government agent,local utility company agent,and different types of consumer *** the proposed model,we design objective functions for the company and the consumers and obtain a Nash equilibrium using backward *** pricing strategies,namely,the TOU seasonal pricing and TOU monthly pricing,are evaluated and compared with traditional fixed *** numerical results demonstrate that TOU schedules have significant potential for development of renewable energy-powered microgrids and are recommended for an electric company to replace traditional fixed ***,TOU monthly pricing is more suitable than TOU seasonal pricing for microgrid development.

关键词： Game theory microgrid multi-agent system renewable energy time-of-use pricing

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High-resolution portable lens-free on-chip microscopy with RGB LED via pinhole array

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第2期22卷 96-100页

作者：王钦骅马建设曹良才苏萍 tsinghua Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Lens-free on-chip microscopy with RGB LEDs(LFOCM-RGB)provides a portable,cost-effective,and high-throughput imaging tool for resource-limited ***,the weak coherence of LEDs limits the high-resolution imaging,and the luminous surfaces of the LED chips on the RGB LED do not overlap,making the coherence-enhanced executions tend to undermine the portable and cost-effective ***,we propose a specially designed pinhole array to enhance coherence in a portable and cost-effective *** modulates the three-color beams from the RGB LED separately so that the three-color beams effectively overlap on the sample plane while reducing the effective light-emitting area for better spatial *** separate modulation of the spatial coherence allows the temporal coherence to be modulated separately by single spectral filters rather than by expensive triple spectral *** on the pinhole array,the LFOCM-RGB simply and effectively realizes the high-resolution imaging in a portable and cost-effective implementation,offering much flexibility for various applications in resource-limited environments.

关键词： lens-free on-chip microscopy LED phase retrieval pinhole array

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Considerations of advanced aqueous batteries recycling:A perspective

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 46-54,I0002页

作者： Yun Zhao Yuqiong Kang Hao Du Feiyu Kang Baohua Li Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

*** Battery technology,serving as a basis for a rechargeable society,has developed rapidly over a century[1].The progress can be roughly divided into three stages,with the initial two mainly focusing on aqueous battery *** to 1859,research primarily focused on the conceptualization of batteries and the development of primary(non-rechargeable)cells[2].In the subsequent150 years,rechargeable battery technology emerged。

关键词： battery Battery primarily

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Density-based ship detection in SAR images:Extension to a self-similarity perspective

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第3期37卷 168-180页

作者： Xueqian WANG Gang LI Zhizhuo JIANG Yu LIU You HE Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Nonlocal self-similarity is an important property of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images to characterize the repetitiveness of features embodied by SAR images within nonlocal areas and has been used for enhancement of SAR *** SAR ship detectors often independently handle small sub-images cropped from a large marine SAR image and do not exploit the nonlocal self-similarity *** this paper,we propose a new ship detector from the perspective of nonlocal self-similarity in SAR images to improve the ship detection performance,basically including three stages:prescreening,intra-cue calculation,and inter-cue *** the prescreening stage,we design a new Histogram-based Density(HD)feature to rapidly select candidate sub-images potentially containing ship targets from a large SAR *** the intra-cue calculation stage,target cues within a single candidate sub-image are *** the inter-cue calculation stage,thanks to the nonlocal self-similarity among different candidate sub-images in terms of density features,we innovatively extract a weighted superpixel-HD map to obtain accumulated intracues across all the candidate ***,for each candidate sub-image,we fuse its inter-cue and intra-cue to obtain final detection *** results based on real SAR images show that our newly proposed method provides a better target-to-clutter contrast and ship detection performance than those of other state-of-the-art detection approaches.

关键词： Ship detection Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) Density Self-similarity Histogram

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An in-situ polymerized interphase engineering for high-voltage allsolid- state lithium-metal batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第4期17卷 2687-2692页

作者： Lu Nie Shaojie Chen Mengtian Zhang Tianyi Gao Yuyao Zhang Ran Wei Yining Zhang Wei Liu School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute&tsinghua Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

All-solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs)have attracted great interest due to their promising energy density and strong ***,the interface issues,including large interfacial resistance between electrode and electrolyte and low electrochemical stability of solid-state electrolytes against high-voltage cathodes,have restricted the development of high-voltage ***,we report an ASSLB with stable cycling by adopting a conformal polymer interlayer in-situ formed at the Li_(6.4)La_(3)Zr_(1.4)Ta_(0.6)O_(12)(LLZTO)–cathode *** polymer can perfectlyﬁll the voids and create a stable interface contact between LLZTO and *** addition,the electric field across the polymer interlayer is reduced compared with pure solid polymer electrolyte(SPE),which facilitates the electrochemical stability with high-voltage *** all-solid-state Li|LLZTO-SPE|LiFe_(0.4)Mn_(0.6)PO_(4)(LMFP)cells achieve a low interface impedance,high specific capacity,and excellent cycling *** work presents an effective and practical strategy to rationally design the electrode–electrolyte interface for the application of high-voltage ASSLBs.

关键词： all-solid-state lithium batteries interface contact electric field electrochemical stability

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Call for knowledge systematization:An example from lithium ion batteries recycling

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 169-170页

作者： Yun Zhao Baohua Li Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055GuangdongChina

Scientific research is one of the primary ways to drive human civilization *** research institutions and researchers worldwide are dedicated to exploring the unknown,resulting in a flood of research findings[1].For instance,Web of Science alone collects over 10,000 academic papers on a daily *** each research field typically has around 10%of review articles,these mainly focus on a limited portion of the subject,failing to provide a comprehensive and real-time updated *** a result,researchers or students in a particular field may spend several months,or even longer,comprehending the state of research that has developed over just a few *** lack of systematic background often leads to redundant or similar studies,which is highly detrimental to the progress of science and technology.

关键词： lithium typically spend

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Design strategies for rechargeable aqueous metal-ion batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 165-190页

作者： Yang Li Xin Zhao Yifu Gao Yichen Ding Zhichun Si Liubing Dong Dong Zhou Feiyu Kang tsinghua Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China

Rechargeable aqueous metal-ion batteries(AMBs)have attracted extensive scientific and commercial interest due to their potential for cost-effective,highly safe,and scalable stationary energy ***,their limited output voltage,inadequate energy density,and poor reversibility of ambiguous electrode reactions in aqueous electrolytes strongly limit their practical *** review aims to elucidate the challenges of existing AMBs from the material design to whole device *** summarize the emerging electrochemistry,fundamental properties,and key issues in interfacial behaviors of various classes of prevailing AMBs,including aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries and multivalent-ion batteries,and present an appraisal of recent advances for addressing the performance ***,the progress of zinc-ion batteries is highlighted to provide a ubiquitous guideline for their commercialization in the grid-scale energy ***,we figure out the dominating general challenges for achieving high-performance AMBs,laying out a perspective for future breakthroughs.

关键词： aqueous metal-ion batteries aqueous alkali metal-ion batteries zinc-ion batteries interfacial behavior stationary energy storage

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A large-scale cold plasma jet: generation mechanism and application effect

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 1-8页

作者：崔伟胜张若兵 Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China

Atmospheric pressure cold plasma jets(APCPJs) typically exhibit a slender, conical structure,which imposes limitations on their application for surface modification due to the restricted treatment area. In this paper, we introduce a novel plasma jet morphology known as the large-scale cold plasma jet(LSCPJ), characterized by the presence of both a central conical plasma jet and a peripheral trumpet-like diffuse plasma jet. The experimental investigations have identified the factors influencing the conical and the trumpet-like diffuse plasma jet, and theoretical simulations have shed light on the role of the flow field and the electric field in shaping the formation of the LSCPJ. It is proved that, under conditions of elevated helium concentration, the distributions of impurity gas particles and the electric field jointly determine the plasma jet’s morphology. High-speed ICCD camera images confirm the dynamic behavior of plasma bullets in LSCPJ, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Finally, it is demonstrated that when applied to the surface treatment of silicone rubber, LSCPJ can achieve a treatment area over 28 times larger than that of APCPJ under equivalent conditions. This paper uncovers the crucial role of impurity gases and electric fields in shaping plasma jet morphology and opens up the possibility of efficiently diversifying plasma jet generation effects through external electromagnetic fields. These insights hold the promise of reducing the generation cost of plasma jets and expanding their applications across various industrial sectors.

关键词： diffuse plasma jet flow field electric field surface treatment

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Design and application of copper/lithium composite anodes for advanced lithium metal batteries

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 942-970页

作者： Bin Zhang Ji-Ping Ma Yang Zhao Tong Li Jin-Lin Yang Zhan-Ling Zhang Shi-Zhong Wei Guang-Min Zhou School of Materials Science and Engineering Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003China Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637371Singapore Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China

Lithium(Li)is a promising candidate for nextgeneration battery anode due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low reduction ***,safety issues derived from the uncontrolled growth of Li dendrite and huge volume change of Li hinder its practical application.C onstructing dendrite-free composite Li anodes can significantly alleviate the above ***(Cu)-based materials have bee n widely used as substrates of the composite electrodes due to their chemical stability,excellent conductivity,and good mechanical ***/lithium(Cu/Li)composite anodes significantly regulate the local current density and decrease Li nucleation overp otential,realizing the uniform and dendrite-free Li *** this review,Cu/Li composite methods including electrodeposition,melting infusion,and mechanical rolling are systematically summarized and ***,design strategies of Cu-based current collectors for high performance Cu/Li composite anodes are *** challenges and future development for Cu/Li composite anodes are presented and *** hope that this review can provide a comprehensive understanding of Cu/Li composite methods of the latest development of Li metal anode and stimulate more research in the future.

关键词： Lithium metal batteries Cu/Li composite anode Electrodeposition Thermal melting infusion Mechanical rolling

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