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Effects of peripherally Acting Opioid Ligands on Central Opioid Receptors and <i>β</i>-Endorphin Release in Stressed Rats

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第2期2卷 162-166页

作者： Sergey k. Sudakov Valentina G. Bashkatova Tatiyana V. proskuriakova Alexey E. Umriukhin p.k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology rams Moscow Russia

Using the radioreceptor binding assay, μ-opioid receptor (MOR) affinity in the midbrain of stressed rats was higher than in naive controls. MOR density in the rat frontal cortex was reduced after stress. Intragastric administration of the MOR antagonist naloxone methiodide was followed by an increase in the number of MORs in the frontal cortex. However, the MOR agonist loperamide significantly decreased the density of MORs in the frontal cortex and midbrain of naive animals. Loperamide and naloxone methiodide were shown to prevent an increase in MOR affinity and a decrease in MOR density in the midbrain of rats after restraint stress. The restraint stress was accompanied by an increase in the release of β-endorphin (BE) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of control rats. After administration, loperamide slightly decreased the release of BE, naloxone methiodide significantly increased the release of BE in the cingulate cortex (CC) of untreated animals, while drugs had no effect on the release of BE in the VTA. The drugs significantly increased the extracellular level of BE in the CC of stressed animals. Loperamide abolished the increase in the stress-induced release of BE in the VTA. By contrast, naloxone methiodide significantly increased the release of BE in the VTA of stressed rats. Our data indicated that activation of peripheral MORs induces depression of the central part of the μ-opioid system, but suppression of peripheral MOR activity induces activation of the central μ-opioid system, the interaction of which can be modulated by stress.

关键词： peripheral Opioid Receptors Emotional Stress β-Endorphin Microdialysis Radioligand Binding Density of μ-Opioid Receptors

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The Action of Chronic Nicotine on the Effects of Ethanol on Anxiety, Locomotion and Metabolism and the Feeding and Drinking Behaviors of Rats

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pharmacology & pharmacy 2014年第11期5卷 1077-1084页

作者： Valentina Bashkatova Sergey Sudakov Galina Nazarova Elena Alexeeva p.k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia

The objective of these experiments was to study the effects of ethanol on the anxiety level, activity, metabolic rate, and feeding and drinking behaviors of rats that were chronically treated with nicotine. The chronic intake of nicotine changed the effects of the acute administration of ethanol. Thus, the nicotine-dependent rats demonstrated a significantly decreased anxiolytic-like effect in response to ethanol than did the control rats. This decrease may lead to a decrease in the sensitivity of animals to the positive reinforcing effects of ethanol and an increase in their consumption to achieve the desired effect. The negative action of ethanol on the metabolism, motor activity and drinking behavior of rats that chronically consumed nicotine was increased. Chronic nicotine intake can be assumed to lead to cross-tolerance of the effects of ethanol. On the contrary, the sensitivity to the action of ethanol increased.

关键词： Nicotine Ethanol Metabolism Drinking Behavior Locomotion

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Emotional Stress: The Dialectics of Nature

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2020年第1期11卷 20-28页

作者： Evgeny Antonovich Yumatov p.k. anokhin Scientific research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia

The article considers the biological nature and origins of emotional stress. Emotional stress is primarily formed within the mental activity of the brain in the form of pronounced negative emotions. The “Dynamic Theory of Emo-tions” characterizes the development of a continuous negative emotional state in conflicting behavioral situations when the subject is unable to satisfy its strong dominant need for a long time. The emotional stress is represented as having a dual nature, i.e. a biologically negative pathogenetic effect on health, but a positive impact on the adaptation of individuals, self-preservation of life, and evolutionary change in species.

关键词： Emotions Emotional Stress psychosomatic Diseases Health Adaptation Evolution

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The Molecularly Fielding psychophysical Nature of the Brain Mental Activity

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 55-74页

作者： Evgeny A. Yumatov p. k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia

The brain is a unique organization in nature, having the psychic activity, which is expressed in subjective states: thoughts, feelings, emotions. knowledge of the nature of mental activity of the brain is the most urgent and the most challenging task of physiology. Historically the neurophysiology developed on the basis of physical and chemical laws discovered in an inanimate nature. Our investigation is devoted towards the origin of a human subjective state, and presents a new methodology for studying of the nature psychic brain activity. We have established the existence of physical phenomena unique for the living brain so-called “psychogenic field”, which reflects the expressed psychic state of human brain. The subjective state of a human being was shown to affect remotely the physicochemical properties of the blood. An original schematic diagram is presented to describe the formation of the brain psychic activity. This approach is based on the feedback influence of a psychogenic field on neuronal molecular processes (self-induction in the brain). We propose a paradigm for the origin of psychic state and possible existence of the fields, which are unique for the brain. The presented scheme and paradigm of systemic organization of psychic activity of the brain are a prerequisite for the subsequent development of the theory consciousness.

关键词： Mind Consciousness Subjective State Brain psychophysics psychogenic Field Quantum Biology

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Mental Activity of the Brain and Emotional Stress

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2022年第5期12卷 196-210页

作者： Yumatov Evgeniy Antonovich pertsov Sergey Sergeevich p. k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia

The article considers the biological nature and origins of emotional stress. Emotional stress is primarily formed in the mental activity of the brain in the form of pronounced long-term negative emotions and is secondarily manifested in neurophysiological mechanisms and somatovegetative processes. However, all studies of the development of emotional stress are focused on the study of central neurophysiological mechanisms, excluding the possibility of analysis for the “sources” of emotional stress, which is primarily formed in the subjective sphere of brain activity, i.e., in the mechanisms of emotions. In our studies, we propose a fundamentally new methodology for studying the mental activity of the human brain and, in particular, the mechanisms of emotions. Thereby, modern methods of psychophysiology make it possible to come closer to understanding the nature of emotional stress.

关键词： Brain Emotions Emotional Stress Neurophysiology psyche Electroencephalogram Continuous Wavelet Analysis

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Biogenic Amine Neurotransmitter Response to Morphine in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex predicts propensity for Acquiring Self-Administration and the Intensity of the Withdrawal Syndrome

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pharmacology & pharmacy 2014年第11期5卷 1006-1014页

作者： Maria Trigub Vladinir kudrin Valentina Bashkatova petr klodt Sergey Sudakov p. k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia V. V. Zakusov research institute of pharmacology Moscow Russia

Individual differences in behavioral characteristics or initial responses to abused drugs had been recently demonstrated to have predictive value in the propensity of later abuse. The research described here was initiated to determine the initial response of rats to administration of morphine if the physiological response has predictive value for the propensity of the animals to later self-administration. The initial response of extracellular fluid levels of the biogenic monoamine neurotransmitters in the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC) was assessed in drug rats with in vivo microdialysis following administration of morphine. Rats that did not acquire morphine self-administration (NSA) had higher baseline levels of aCC extracellular fluid levels of dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOpAC) than animals that developed stable morphine self-administration (SA). However, the response independent administration of morphine resulted in a dramatic increase in (DA) in aCC in the SA group, while the morphine injection in the NSA rats increased extracellular fluid levels of noradrenaline (NA). It is possible that these differences might be related to the development of physical dependence. Therefore, the development of physical dependence was observed in these animals. There was no relationship between the propensity to self-administration morphine and the development of physical dependence. Rats that showed the highest withdrawal scores had lower extracellular fluid levels of serotonin (5-HT) compared to rats showing low withdrawal scores. Thus, monoamine neuronal innervations of the aCC respond to an initial dose of morphine that is predictive of the later propensity to self-administration and the resistance and predisposition to the formation of opiate dependence, but there is no relationship between these two indices in individual animals. These data add to a growing body of evidence for the involvement of neuronal systems in the aCC in the actions of opiat

关键词： Anterior Cingulate Cortex Dopamine Serotonin In Vivo Microdialysis Intravenous Self-Administration of Morphine

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possibility for Recognition of psychic Brain Activity with Continuous Wavelet Analysis of EEG

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2019年第3期9卷 67-77页

作者： Evgeny A. Yumatov Alexandr E. Hramov Vadim V. Grubov Oleg S. Glazachev Elena N. Dudnik Nikolay A. karatygin p.k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov Saratov Russia First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University) Moscow Russia

The brain is a unique organization in nature, possessing the ability for psychic activity, which manifests itself in thoughts, feelings and emotions. In present days, numbers of mathematical methods for analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) were developed with continuous wavelet transform being one of the most successive approaches for studying of brain activity. This paper is aimed to develop methods for investigation of psychic brain activity with help of continuous wavelet analysis of EEG. Ability of human to realize semantic content of the image presented on the screen was tested. Experiment was accompanied with simultaneous EEG recording, which was held with developed software and pC-based experimental setup. The information capabilities of continuous wavelet transform-based method for EEG analysis were improved for the recognition of specific patterns in human brain activity. Comparative wavelet analysis was carried out for EEG recordings at the moment of awareness of the semantic content of the image and for EEG recordings in the absence of conscious (subjective) perception of the semantic content of the image. Significant differences were shown in the alpha rhythm of EEG for the moments of awareness of the semantic content of the image and for the moments of absence of conscious perception. Continuous wavelet analysis of EEG showed that the alpha rhythm is the main EEG rhythm, which can be used to estimate the presence of subjective perception of the visual image. Significant differences were shown in the alpha rhythm of EEG for the moments of awareness of the semantic content of the image and for the moments of absence of conscious perception. Conducted studies allow to conclude that revealing of brain activity related to visual image awareness is possible through analysis of EEG.

关键词： Brain psychic Consciousness Electroencephalogram Continuous Wavelet Analysis

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Importance of Monitoring of Emotional Stress and physiological Functions of Humans during the Night Sleep

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Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology 2017年第5期5卷 275-281页

作者： Evgeny A. Yumatov Sergey S. pertsov p. k. anokhin research institute of normal physiology Moscow 125315 Russia A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Dental University Moscow 127473 Russia

The diagnosis of disease and prescription of therapy are mainly realized through the control of physiological functions in humans during wakefulness. However, little attention is paid to evaluate the functional state of a patient in sleep. The efficiency of prescribed medicines is also determined in wakefulness. The effects of these drugs during sleep are usually out-of-sight of a physician. Human psychoemotional state during wakefulness is closely related to sleep. Various serious disturbances in physiological functions appear during the night sleep. They include cardiovascular disorders （hypertensive crisis, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, stroke, etc.）, which may cause sudden death. A large body of evidence shows that stress is followed by sleep disorders. They serve as a factor, which contributes to the development of stress. It should be noted that sleep is the major anti-stress factor. The vicious circle is formed, which can be revealed by a complex control of human physiological functions during wakefulness and sleep. We developed a new methodology and constructed an information-and-equipment device for monitoring of vital physiological functions of humans during sleep in a real everyday life. This approach holds much promise for the diagnosis of disease and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.

关键词： Sleep information medicine medical devices vital functions.

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Revealing True and False Brain States Based on Wavelet Analysis of Electroencephalogram

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Neuroscience & Medicine 2022年第2期13卷 61-69页

作者： Evgeny Antonovich Yumatov Elena Nikolaevna Dudnik Oleg Stanislavovich Glazachev Anna Igorevna Filipchenko Sergey Sergeevich pertsov p. k. anokhin Scientific research institute of normal physiology Moscow Russia I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Moscow Russia

Statement of the problem: As you know, there exist two different states in the brain’s mental activity: true and false. In recent years, a progressive method of wavelet transformation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) has been developed, which enabled us to establish the fundamental possibility of direct objective registration of the human brain’s mental activity. Earlier, we created an experimental model and software for recognizing true and false mental responses of a person based on the EEG wavelet transformation and described it in the article. The developed experimental model and information software made it possible to compare the two mental states of brain activity by electroencephalographic indicators, one of which is false and the other is true. The goal is to develop a fundamentally new information technology for recognizing true and false states in the brain’s mental activity based on the wavelet transformation of the electroencephalogram. Results: It was revealed that the true and false states of the brain can be distinguished using the method of continuous wavelet transformation and calculation of the EEG wavelet energy. It is shown that the main differences between true and false mental responses are observed in the delta and alpha ranges of the EEG. In the EEG delta rhythm, the wavelet energy is reliably higher in case of a false answer compared to a true one. In the EEG alpha rhythm, the wavelet energy is significantly higher with a true answer than a false one. practical significance of the research: The data obtained open up the fundamental possibility of identifying true and false mental states of the brain on the basis of continuous wavelet transformation and calculation of the EEG wavelet energy.

关键词： Information Technology Electroencephalogram (EEG) Continuous EEG Wavelet Transformations Mental Activity of the Brain Consciousness Truth and Falsehood

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The Acoustic Sensorimotor Gating predicts the Efficiency of Hypoxic preconditioning. participation of the Cholinergic System in This phenomenon

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 10-25页

作者： Elena I. Zakharova Zinaida I. Storozheva Andrew T. proshin Mikhail Yu. Monakov Alexander M. Dudchenko Laboratory of General pathology of Cardiorespiratory System Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology Moscow Russia Laboratory of Clinical Neurophysiology National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology Moscow Russia Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry P.K. Anokhin’ Institute of Normal Physiology Moscow Russia Laboratory of Functional Angioproteomic and Metabolomic Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology Moscow Russia

Moderate one-off hypobaric hypoxia (HBH) provokes preconditioning and prolongs the resistance (T, the time before apnoea) to severe hypobaric hypoxia (SHBH). Hypoxic preconditioning has therapeutic potential;however, the efficiency of hypoxic preconditioning varies greatly and the methods for its preliminary evaluation are absent in both animals and humans. This rodent study evaluates the dependence of SHBH resistance, initiated by HBH, on the rate of sensorimotor gating estimated in the model of the acoustic startle prepulse inhibition (ppI). A stable negative correlation was found between ppI and T. Low doses of the α7 nicotinic receptor agonist, pNU-282987 (pNU), and more pronouncedly dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (a pNU solvent), inverted the correlation between ppI and T from negative to positive. The DMSO and pNU effects were reversed at ppIs of 0.36 - 0.40 (36% - 40%). DMSO increased T values by 52.2% ± 9.7% in the region of lower HBH efficiency (ppI ≥ 0.40) and reduced it by 35.2% ± 9.3% in the region of higher HBH efficiency (ppI pNU reduced both DMSO effects. The involvement of the central cholinergic mechanisms was substantiated in both DMSO and pNU influences on HBH. In conclusion, 1) ppI can be used to predict the efficiency of hypoxic preconditioning and to study its mechanisms, 2) two opposite cholinergic ppI-related mechanisms participate in the preconditioning effects of HBH, 3) the sensitivity of rats to DMSO and pNU diverges when the ppI is 0.36 - 0.40, and 4) DMSO can enhance resistance to severe hypoxia in the region of the lower preconditioning efficiency of HBH at ppI ≥ 0.4.

关键词： Hypoxic preсonditioning ppI Cholinergic Mechanisms α7 Nicotinic Receptors

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