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Immigration and Liberal Egalitarianism

Journal of Philosophy Study 2013年第3期3卷 165-179页

作者： Jorge M. Valadez our lady of the lake university

My principal objective in this paper is to examine what position liberal egalitarians should take regarding the issue of immigration. Given that liberal egalitarians grant central importance to individual autonomy and the moral equality of all persons, their rejection of restrictive immigration policies appears to follow from these central normative commitments. Liberal egalitarians such as Joseph Carens and Phillip Cole have argued that those who are committed to individual autonomy and moral equality should advocate for an open borders position in immigration. I argue that it is a serious mistake for liberal egalitarians to advocate open national borders and that borders should instead be strategically regulated to reduce global economic inequalities through immigration policies systematically integrated into development programs for the poorest and most vulnerable countries. Open borders would create an open market for immigration slots to choice countries of destination, which out of practical necessity would have to delimit the number of new immigrants. It is well known in migration studies that those who are more educated, young, and have more resources are more likely to migrate than the very young, the elderly, the infirm, and the poorest individuals. Those left behind in developing countries suffer serious negative consequences from the emigration of the most highly educated, capable, and talented individuals in their society. I then argue that liberal egalitarians should grant particular moral consideration to the world＇s poorest and most vulnerable and that immigration policies strategically designed to prioritize their needs are actually more consistent with the dual commitments of individual autonomy and moral equality than an open borders position. I propose three principles of global justice that are consistent with liberal egalitarianism that should guide transnational moral obligations. I end the paper by arguing that two of these principles can be

关键词： immigration global justice open borders migration liberal egalitarianism

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Co-morbidity,not age predicts adverse outcome in clostridium difficile colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第2期6卷 198-201页

作者： TS Dharmarajan M Sipalay R Shyamsundar EP Norkus CS Pitchumoni Divisions of Geriatrics our lady of Mercy Medical Center BronxNew YorkUSA Department of Biomedical Research Our Lady of Mercy Medical CenterBronxNew YorkUSA Divisions of Gastroenterology our lady of Mercy Medical Center BronxNew YorkUSA

AIM To examine whether age alone or co-morbidity is a risk factor for death in olderadults who developed Clostridium difficile(Cd)colitis during *** A retrospective,observationalstudy design was performed in our lady ofMercy Medical Center,a 650-bed,urban,community-based,university-affiliated teachinghospital.121 patients with a positive diagnosisof Cd colitis Caged 23-97 years)were studied,and data pertinent to demographic variables,medical history,co-morbidity,physicalexamination,and laboratory results *** was examined as a continuousvariable and stratified into Age1(80 years).However,age,per se,had no effect onmortality.A history of cardiac disease(P=0.036),recurrent or refractory infection>4weeks(P=0.007),low serum total protein(P=0.034),low serum albumin(P=0.001),antibiotic use >4 weeks(P<0.010),use of over 4 antibiotics(P=0.026),and use of certainclasses of antibiotics(P=0.035-0.004)werepredictive of *** was stronglypredicted by the use of penicillin-like antibioticsplus clindamycin,in the presence ofhypoalbuminemia,refractory sepsis,andcardiac disease(P=0.00005).CONCLUSION Cd colitis is common in the ***,unlike co-morbidity,age alonedoes not affect the clinical outcome(survival vsdeath).

关键词： clostridium difficile colitis/old age comorbidity/old age diarrhea colitis/therapy physical examination

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Life threatening vitamin B_(12) deficiency:will timely screening make a difference?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第3期6卷 456-457页

作者： T.S.Dharmarajan S. Lakshmi Narayanan Rajiv D. Poduval Chief Division of GeriatricsDirectorGeriatric Medicine Fellowship Program Our Lady of Mercy University Medical Center600 E 233~(rd)StreetBronxNY 10466 Resident Internal Medicine Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center Chief Medical Resident Internal Medicine Our Lady of Mercy Medical Center

INTRODUCTION While Vit.B12 deficiency is common,with aprevalence of about 15% in the elderly,andrecommendations for treatment available,detectionof deficiency at the pre-clinical stage by appropriatescreening does not always take *** report isan example of life threatening Vit.B12 deficiencydiagnosed at age 56,with the onset of Vit.B12depletion likely to have begun in the

关键词： vitamin B12 deficiency/therapy anemia sickle cell gastric mucosa biopsy anemia pernicious toxicity

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Sequence of events leading to primary biliary cholangitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第37期29卷 5305-5312页

作者： Ilaria Lenci Paola Carnì Martina Milana Agreta Bicaj Alessandro Signorello Leonardo Baiocchi Hepatology Unit University of Tor VergataRome 00133Italy Postgraduate School in Hepato/Gastroenterology Catholic University Our Lady of Good CounselTirana 1004Albania

Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is observed more frequently in middle-aged *** disorder is considered an autoimmune disease,since liver injury is sustained by the presence of selfdirected antimitochondrial antibodies targeting the bile duct *** prognosis may vary depending on an early diagnosis and response to ***,nearly a third of patients can progress to liver cirrhosis,thus requiring a liver *** immunosuppressive therapies,commonly employed for other autoimmune diseases,have limited effects on *** fact,dramatic functional changes that occur in the biliary epithelium in the course of inflammation play a major role in perpetuating the *** this minireview,after a background on the disease and possible predisposing factors,the sequential cooperation of cellular/molecular events leading to end-stage PBC is discussed in *** rise and maintenance of the autoimmune process,as well as the response of the biliary epithelia during inflammatory injury,are key factors in the progression of the *** so-called“ductular reaction(DR)”,intended as a reactive expansion of cells with biliary phenotype,is a process frequently observed in PBC and partially ***,recent findings suggest a strict relationship between this pathological picture and the progression to liver fibrosis,cell senescence,and loss of biliary *** these issues(onset of chronic inflammation,changes in secretive and proliferative biliary functions,DR,and its relationship with other pathological events)are discussed in this manuscript in an attempt to provide a snapshot,for clinicians and researchers,of the most relevant and sequential contributors to the progression of this human cholestatic *** believe that interpreting this disorder as a multistep process may help identify possible therapeutic targets to prevent evolution to severe disease.

关键词： Primary biliary cholangitis Cholangiocyte Biliary secretion Biliary proliferation Ductular reaction Antimitochondrial antibody Cellular senescence Liver fibrosis

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Altered tryptophan hydroxylase 2 expression in enteric serotonergic nerves in Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第19期22卷 4662-4672页

作者： David Coyle Justin M Murphy Brian Doyle Anne Marie O’Donnell John Gillick Prem Puri Temple Street Children's university Hospital Dublin 1 Ireland National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Dublin 12 Ireland

AIM: To determine if expression of colonic tryptophan hydroxylase-2(TPH2), a surrogate marker of neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine, is altered in Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis. METHODS: Entire resected colonic specimens were collected at the time of pull-through operation in children with Hirschsprung's disease(HSCR, n = 12). Five of these patients had a history of pre-operative Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis(HAEC). Controls were collected at colostomy closure in children with anorectal malformation(n = 10). The distribution of expression of TPH2 was evaluated using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. Protein expression of TPH2 was quantified using western blot analysis in the deep smooth muscle layers. RESULTS: TPH2 was co-expressed in nitrergic and cholinergic ganglia in the myenteric and submucosal plexuses in ganglionic colon in HSCR and healthy controls. Co-expression was also seen in submucosal interstitial cells of Cajal and PDGFRα+ cells. The density of TPH2 immuno-positive fibers decreased incrementally from ganglionic bowel to transition zonebowel to aganglionic bowel in the myenteric plexus. Expression of TPH2 was reduced in ganglionic bowel in those affected by pre-operative HAEC compared to those without HAEC and healthy controls. However, expression of TPH2 was similar or high compared to controls in the colons of children who had undergone diverting colostomy for medically refractory ***: Altered TPH2 expression in colonic serotonergic nerves of patients with HSCR complicated by HAEC may contribute to intestinal secretory and motor disturbances, including recurrent HAEC.

关键词： Serotonin Tryptophan hydroxylase 2 Hirschsprung Enterocolitis Ganglionic

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Prognostic Factors to Reduce ICU Overtriage in Elderly Patients with Isolated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

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Surgical Science 2023年第7期14卷 517-532页

作者： Tomas Jacome Chris LaBorde Richard Lewis Danielle Tatum our lady of the lake Regional Medical Center Baton Rouge LA USA LSU Health-Baton Rouge Baton Rouge LA USA

Introduction: Elderly patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are frequently admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU), which is potentially both harmful and unnecessary. It is not known which patients may be safely observed in a non-ICU setting, potentially improving ICU utilization. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that predict which geriatric patients with traumatic brain injury may be admitted to a level of care other than the ICU. Methods: Adults ≥65+ years admitted with positive radiologic study demonstrating isolated mTBI (defined as Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) 13 - 15) that was initially managed nonoperatively between January 2011-December 2016 were identified. Primary outcomes evaluated included over triage and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Results: 207 were identified. Most patients presented with GCS 15 (77.8%) and were admitted to ICU (85.5%). 27% (n = 55) met overtriage criteria. The most common TBI was subdural hemorrhage (SDH) (48.8%) followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (22.2%). Hemorrhage progression developed in 8.7% of subjects, but there was no difference across TBI type. 21.7% of patients developed a ≥2 point decrease in GCS during their hospital stay. Upon discharge, 89.9% had a GOS ≥ 4 - 5. Presence/type of a single intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) was not significantly associated with outcome, but presence of bilateral or multiple lesions was significantly associated with poor outcome (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Overtriage of patients to an ICU is costly, resource intensive, and avoidable. Here, we suggest a conservative framework to assist the determination of which patients can be safely observed in non-ICU setting. Future studies should determine if this framework is generalizable to the entire geriatric population who present with mTBI.

关键词： Traumatic Brain Injury Geriatric Trauma Overtriage Intensive Care Unit Outcomes

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Review of Albanian studies suggests the need for further efforts to counteract significant hepatitis B virus prevalence

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 111-119页

作者： Jerina Jaho Fatjona Kamberi Enkeleint A Mechili Agreta Bicaj Paola Carnì Leonardo Baiocchi Faculty of Health University of Vlore“Ismail Qemali”Vlore 9400Albania Department of Hepatology University of Tor VergataRome 00133Italy Postgraduate School in Gastroenterology Our Lady of Good Counsel UniversityTirana 1001Albania Faculty of Medicine Our Lady of Good Counsel UniversityTirana 1001Albania

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is categorized as one of the smallest enveloped DNA viruses and is the prototypical virus of the Hepatoviridae *** is usually transmitted through body fluids such as blood,semen,and vaginal *** majority(more than 95%)of immunocompetent adults infected with HBV spontaneously clear the *** the context of the high prevalence of HBV infection in Albania,the research gap is characterized by the lack of studies aimed at advancing the current understanding and improving the prevailing *** main objective of this study was to address the low rate of HBV diagnosis and the lack of a comprehensive national program to facilitate widespread *** To analyze the prevalence of HBV infection in Albania and elucidate the persistently high prevalence despite efforts and measures *** Using a systematic literature review,we collected existing research on the epidemiology of HBV in Albania from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Google Scholar,and Albanian Medical Journals,focusing on studies published after the 1980s and conducted solely in the Albanian *** The findings reveal a dynamic shift in HBV prevalence in Albania over several *** high,the prevalence gradually declined following the implementation of screening and vaccination ***,the prevalence rates have remained notably high,exceeding 8%in recent *** factors include vertical transmission,inadequate healthcare infrastructure,and challenges in screening and *** among Albanian refugees in neighboring countries also reported high prevalence rates,emphasizing the need for transnational *** advancements in screening,vaccination,and healthcare infrastructure,Albania continues to face a substantial burden of HBV *** The persistence of high prevalence underscores the complexity of the issue,requiring ongoing efforts to ensure a comprehensive understand

关键词： Albania Hepatitis B virus Epidemiology Vaccination Systematic review

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A TV-Based Iterative Regularization Method for the Solutions of Thermal Convection Problems

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Communications in Computational Physics 2013年第9期14卷 1120-1146页

作者： Eric T.Chung Jeff C.-F.Wong Department of Mathematics Lady Shaw BuildingThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong

Linear/nonlinear and Stokes based-stabilizations for the filter equations for damping out primitive variable(PV)solutions corrupted by uniformly distributed randomnoises are numerically studied through the natural convection(NC)aswell as the mixed convection(MC)*** most recognizable filter-scheme is based on a combination of the negative Laplace equation multiplied with the selection of the spatial scale and a linear function in order to preserve the uniqueness of the filtered solution.A more complicated filter-scheme,based on a Stokes problem which couples a filtered velocity and a filtered(artificial)pressure(or Lagrange multiplier)in order to enforce the incompressibility constraint,is also *** and Stokes basedfilters via nested iterative(NI)filters and the consistent splitting scheme(CSS)are proposed for the NC/MC *** by the total-variation(TV)model of image diffusion,well preserved feature flow patterns from the corrupted NC/MC environment are obtained by TV-Stokes based-filters together with the *** experimental results show that our proposed algorithms are effective and efficient in eliminating the unwanted spurious oscillations and preserving the accuracy of thermal convective fluid flows.

关键词： Linear/nonlinear differential filter Stokes differential filters Leray-alpha model total-variation regularization

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Shared(epi)genomic background connecting neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第5期11卷 155-164页

作者： Valerio Caputo Andrea Termine Claudia Strafella Emiliano Giardina Raffaella Cascella Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Tor Vergata UniversityRome 00133Italy Molecular Genetics Laboratory UILDM Santa Lucia FoundationRome 00142Italy Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology Laboratory Santa Lucia FoundationRome 00142Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences Catholic University Our Lady of Good CounselTirana 1000Albania

The progressive aging of populations has resulted in an increased prevalence of chronic pathologies,especially of metabolic,neurodegenerative and movement *** particular,type 2 diabetes(T2D),Alzheimer’s disease(AD)and Parkinson’s disease(PD)are among the most prevalent age-related,multifactorial pathologies that deserve particular attention,given their dramatic impact on patient quality of life,their economic and social burden as well the etiopathogenetic mechanisms,which may overlap in some ***,the existence of common triggering factors reflects the contribution of mutual genetic,epigenetic and environmental features in the etiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying T2D and AD/*** this subject,this review will summarize the shared(epi)genomic features that characterize these complex *** particular,genetic variants and gene expression profiles associated with T2D and AD/PD will be discussed as possible contributors to determine the susceptibility and progression to these ***,potential shared epigenetic modifications and factors among T2D,AD and PD will also be ***,this review shows that findings from genomic studies still deserves further research to evaluate and identify genetic factors that directly contribute to the shared ***,a common epigenetic background still needs to be investigated and *** evidences discussed in this review underline the importance of integrating largescale(epi)genomic data with additional molecular information and clinical and social background in order to finely dissect the complex etiopathogenic networks that build up the“disease interactome”characterizing T2D,AD and PD.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Metabolism Neurodegeneration Neuroinflammation Genetic variants Epigenomic background Disease interactome

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Development and validation of a novel PCR-RFLP based method for the detection of 3 primary mitochondrial mutations in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy patients

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Eye and Vision 2015年第1期2卷 170-176页

作者： Siobhan Eustace Ryan Fergus Ryan David Barton Veronica O’Dwyer Derek Neylan National Optometry Centre Dublin Institute of TechnologyKevin StreetDublin 8Ireland School of Biological Sciences Dublin Institute of TechnologyKevin StreetDublin 8Ireland Centre for Medical Genetics Our Lady’s Hospital for Sick ChildrenCrumlinDublin 12Ireland

Background:Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy(LHON;MIM 535000)is one of the most commonly inherited optic neuropathies and it results in significant visual morbidity among young adults with a peak age of onset between the ages of 15–*** worldwide incidence of LHON is approximately 1 in 31,000.95%of LHON patients will have one of 3 primary mitochondrial mutations,G3460A(A52T of ND1),G11778A(R340H of ND4)and T14484C(M64V of ND6).There is incomplete penetrance and a marked gender bias in the development of visual morbidity with approximately 50%of male carriers and 10%of female carriers developing optic *** recovery can occur but is dependent on the mutation present with the highest level of visual recovery seen in patients who have the T14484C *** 3 primary mutations are typically identified by individual end-point PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)or individual targeted bi-directional Sanger sequencing *** purpose of this study was to design a simple multiplex PCR-RFLP that could detect these 3 primary LHON mutations in one ***:PCR primers were designed to incorporate a MaeIII restriction site in the presence of 3460A and 14484C mutations with the 11778A mutation naturally incorporating a MaeIII site.A multiplex PCR-RFLP assay was developed to detect the 3 common mutations in a single *** LHON controls based on the mitochondrial genome harbouring the 3 common mutations were synthesized and cloned into plasmids to act as reliable assay *** from previously tested patients and the synthetic LHON controls were subjected to the multiplex PCR-RFLP *** RFLP products were detected by agarose gel ***:The novel PCR-RFLP assay accurately detects the 3 primary mutations both in patient DNA and in synthesized DNA control samples with a simple visual mutation detection *** synthesized DNA was demonstrated to be a robust control for the detection of LHON Mutations

关键词： LHON Mitochondrial mutations Mutation detection Visual morbidity Multiplex PCR

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