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Faith Meets Feminism:An Analysis of the Christian Belief in a Male God

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2022年第11期12卷 631-639页

作者： Lubunga Kakozi Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The Open University of TanzaniaDar Es SalaamTanzania.

Despite the numerous existing accounts on the equality of sexes,feminists have openly expressed their dissatisfaction on the Christian doctrine of the image of God:To them,the reality is that,the world has always belonged to *** trying to seek support from Holy Scripture,feminists decry prejudices in the Christian model which has so far,failed to provide a feminine imagery of God;this has caused an open clash between feminists’and Christians’views on the role of a male God in promoting equality of *** paper presents biblical evidence of the image of God as an attempt to clarify the reliability of the Christian belief in a male *** this study adopted a qualitative research design,the author used qualitative approach in the analysis of feminists’arguments against the patriarchal chauvinism observed in the *** paper concludes that,Christian conception of a male omniscient and omnipotent Creator is not just a mere theorisation for it to be amended or reconceptualised,but a complete explanation of the believer’s humility and submission to divine power and/or authority.

关键词： feminism image of God patriarchal chauvinism divine power divine authority

High prevalence of epilepsy in two rural onchocerciasis endemic villages in the Mahenge area,tanzania,after 20 years of community directed treatment with ivermectin

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2018年第1期7卷 622-634页

作者： Bruno P.Mmbando Patrick Suykerbuyk Mohamed Mnacho Advocatus Kakorozya William Matuja Adam Hendy Helena Greter Williams H.Makunde Robert Colebunders National Institute for Medical Research Tanga Research CentreTangaTanzania Global Health Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es SalaamTanzania Enhance tanzania Foundation Dar es SalaamTanzania Muhimbili university of Health and allied Sciences Dar es SalaamTanzania university of Texas Medical Branch GalvestonTXUSA

Background:Epilepsy is a neurological disorder with a multitude of underlying causes,which may include infection with Onchocerca volvulus,the parasitic worm that causes human onchocerciasis.A survey carried out in 1989 revealed a high prevalence of epilepsy(1.02%overall,ranging from 0.51 to 3.71%in ten villages)in the Mahenge area of Ulanga district,an onchocerciasis endemic region in south eastern *** study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of epilepsy following 20 years of onchocerciasis control through annual community directed treatment with ivermectin(CDTI).Methods:The study was conducted in January 2017 in two suburban and two rural villages in the Mahenge ***-todoor household visits were carried out by trained community health workers and data assistants to screen for persons suspected of having epilepsy,using a standardised *** with suspected epilepsy were then interviewed and examined by a neurologist for case *** associated epilepsy was defined as epilepsy without an obvious cause,with an onset of seizures between the ages of 3-18 years in previously healthy *** each village,fifty males aged≥20 years were tested for onchocerciasis antibodies using an OV16 rapid test and were examined for presence of onchocerciasis *** aged 6-10 years were also tested using OV16 ***:5117 individuals(median age 18.5 years,53.2%female)from 1168 households were screened.244(4.8%)were suspected of having epilepsy and invited for neurological *** of epilepsy was 2.5%,with the rural villages having the highest rate(3.5%vs 1.5%),P<*** incidence of epilepsy was 111 cases(95%CI:73-161)per 100000 person-years,while that of onchocerciasis associated epilepsy was 131(95%CI:70-223).Prevalence of OV16 antibodies in adult males and among children 6-10 years old was higher in rural villages than in suburban villages(76.5%vs 50.6,and 42.6%vs 4.7%respectively),(P

关键词： Epilepsy Onchocerciasis Mahenge tanzania

Impact of contraceptive hormones on the reproductive potential of male and female commensal black rats (Rattus rattus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 991-1001页

作者： Mwajabu SELEMANI Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Ginethon MHAMPHI Loth S.MULUNGU Steven R.BELMAIN Department of Wildlife Management Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Pest Management Centre Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Natural Resources Instituteuniversity of Greenwich KentUK

The black rat is considered one of the world’s top *** increased restrictions on rodenticides,new alternatives to manage rats are urgently *** on the use of contraceptive hormones,levonorgestrel(LE),and quinestrol(QU),have been evaluated against some rodent species,and this research is theﬁrst study to assess these on black *** were incorporated into rodent bait at 10 and 50 ppm concentrations singly and in combination(EP-1).Groups of 10 animals of each sex were fed the baits over 7 *** bait consumption was observed with slight body mass *** dissection,it was observed that the uterus was in a state of edema and male reproductive organs weighed less with reduced sperm counts/*** 2 most promising baits,50 ppm QU and EP-1,were used to assess impact on pregnancy and litter *** was reduced from 70%success when both males and females consumed untreated bait,down to 30%when males had consumed contraceptive bait but females had not,and down to 0%when females had consumed contraceptive bait,regardless of whether they had paired with a treated or untreated *** size in the untreated pairs was 8 pups,but only 4 pups in those cases where the male only had consumed the *** studies should investigate how long the effect lasts and its *** studies at the population level may also shed light on the practicality of using contraceptive baits for black rats in different habitats.

关键词： contraceptive bait ecologically based rodent management fertility control levonorgestrel quinestrol

Assessing Rainfall and Temperature Changes in Semi-Arid Areas of tanzania

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American Journal of Climate Change 2019年第2期8卷 173-189页

作者： Peter Matata Magreth Bushesha John Msindai Tumbi Agricultural Research Institute Tumbi Tabora Tanzania Department of Geography Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania Teoflo Kisanji university Mbeya Tanzania

This paper examines the variability of rainfall and temperature in Igunga and Kishapu Districts using time series data (1985 to 2016) from tanzania Meteorological Agency. The regression analysis results show rainfall variability of R2 = 0.096 in Igunga and R2 = 0.186 in Kishapu which implies that about 0.96% and 1.86% of the changes in rainfall across the districts are associated with changes in weather variables. A considerable change of amount of rains was evident in Igunga than in Kishapu District. In both districts there was a change of months with the most rains. Generally rainfall showed a decreasing trend in both districts. The paper also examined temperature trends in the two districts;the findings showed an increasing trend throughout October in both districts. From this point of view, higher temperatures can increase evapo-transpiration that in turn can have an effect on moisture for the crops adversely affecting pasture productivity for livestock, and leading to a shortage of water for both crops and livestock. Annual rainfall variability trends, however, increased indicating that annual variability was somewhat a common feature in the study districts. So, districts efforts should be directed towards the support of crop and livestock adjustments in order to buffer impacts of rainfall and temperature variability during critical periods for growing of crops and pastures.

关键词： Climate Variability Rainfall Temperature Semiarid tanzania

Intervention Strategies of Excessive Masturbation for a 19-Years Youth: Experience of Counseling Intervention

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open Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2020年第3期8卷 98-109页

作者： Theresia Shavega Department of Psychology and Special Education Faculty of Education The Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Introduction: Excessive masturbation has for long been reported to affect youths with intervention strategies to intervene with this problem remaining unclear. This study aimed at determining the underlying factors for excessive masturbation, its effects and intervention strategies used. Methods: This was a case study design for a youth aged 19 years;affected by excessive masturbation. Data were collected through individual counseling and intervention. It involved 15 counseling sessions which were run in nine months in a three weeks interval. The sessions involved narration and exploration of the causes and effects of masturbation. Counseling intervention was built in a vicious circle. Results: Several factors, effects and intervention strategies were identified, reported and discussed in this study. Main causes were such as stories from friends and pornographic videos. Effects were multiple risk behaviors and health problems. Counseling model for individual was developed. Conclusion: The stu

关键词： Masturbation Excessive Masturbation Intervention Strategies Counseling

Reproduction and population dynamics of Mastomys natalensis Smith, 1834 in an agricultural landscape in the Western Usambara Mountains, tanzania

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 233-238页

作者： Rhodes H.MAKUNDI Apia W.MASSAWE Loth S.MULUNGU Pest Management Center Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania

The multimammate rat,Mastomys natalensis Smith 1834,is a dominant species in agro-ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa,but adapts quickly to changes in non-agricultural landscape,particularly woodlands and *** this study we report on reproduction and population dynamics of *** in deforested high elevation localities in the Usambara Mountains,north-east *** conducted Capture-Mark-Recapture studies in 2002-2004,and established that reproduction of *** takes place in the extended wet season between February and June,and the population density peaks in *** cease in July to January and population density drops from July *** and population density fluctuations are linked to the duration and amount of *** years when rainfall was below average and the wet season was short,the population density was significantly lower(below 10 animals/ha and 60 animals/ha in 2003 and 2004 respectively,compared to>100 animals/ha in 2002 when rainfall was above the seasonal average)(Fdf 2,13=9.092,ptanzania.A comparison between the farmland/fallow mosaic fields and agro-forestry areas showed higher population densities in the former,which have similarities to the preferred habitats in the lowland *** increasing abundance of *** in the Usambara could have some consequences:*** is major pest and is involved in the plague cycle in the western Usambara *** natalensis is also a strong competitor and the impact on endemic rodent species,*** flavopunctatus and Praomys delectorum is unknown.

关键词： Mastomys population dynamics reproduction tanzania.

Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 176-184页

作者： Benjamin K Mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei Maria M Zinga Venera M Bwana Tabitha Mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG Mboera National Institute for Medical Research Dar es SalaamTanzania Georgetown university WashingtonDCUSA Catholic university of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando MwanzaTanzania

Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and *** objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central ***:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food ***:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were ***(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming *** all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito *** quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy *** 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 *** household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous *** one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(Mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate ***,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 ***-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same *** quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the *** quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five *** half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy ***:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria *** insecurity is common and comm

关键词： Malaria Agriculture Climate change Food insecurity Knowledge Practice tanzania

Performance of Experimental Bio-Digestion for Pathological and Biodegradable Waste Management at Mwananyamala Regional Referral Hospital tanzania

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第10期11卷 838-847页

作者： Anicetus Honest Josephat Saria Ministry of Health Community Development Gender Elderly and Children Dodoma Tanzania Department of Environmental Studies The Open University of Tanzania Dar es Salaam Tanzania

The aim of the experimental trial was to evaluate the performance of the designed placenta and other pathological waste digester system on the effectiveness of digesting the placenta and its energy recovery (bio-gas) process in Mwananyamala Referral Hospital in Dar es Salaam. A 32 m3 digester is constructed in Mwananyamala Referral Hospital, one inlet of which is to attach to the toilet of maternity ward, where the placentas are flushed directly into the digester, while food waste is fed through another inlet. The slurry of the digester is sent to a sewer/septic tank to avoid further handling. Most fraction of the waste fed into the digester is food waste. In general with the amount of 25.6 ± 4.5 kg/day of placenta and 83.1 ± 14.7 kg/day of food waste, 2.5 m3/d gas was produced. The pH throughout the study period (that is of 18 weeks) was found to be consistent within the range of 6.3 to 8.0, while the pressure ranged from 5 kPa - 33 kPa. Average temperature within the digester was found to be 30.3°C. With all the favorable condition, gas production was consistent and hence the system has been successful in management of the pathological waste along with the production of gas as an alternative source of energy for the hospital.

关键词： Bio-Digester Biogas Placenta Hydraulic Retention Time

Charged stellar model with three layers

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2021年第12期21卷 421-432页

作者： Avirt S.Lighuda Jefta M.Sunzu Sunil D.Maharaj Eunice W.Mureithi Department of Mathematics University of Dar es SalaamTanzania Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of DodomaDodomaTanzania Astrophysics Research Centre School of MathematicsStatistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of Kwa Zulu-NatalDurban 4000South Africa

We establish new charged stellar models from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for relativistic superdense objects outfitted with three *** core layer is described by a linear equation of state(EoS)describing quark matter,while the intermediate layer is described by a Bose-Einstein condensate EoS for Bose-Einstein condensate matter and the envelope layers satisfying a quadratic EoS for the neutron *** have specified a new choice of the electric field and one of the metric *** is interesting to note that the choice of electric field in this model can be set to vanish and we can regain earlier neutral *** generated depict that the matter variables,gravitational potentials and other physical conditions are consistent with astrophysical *** interior layers and exterior boundary are also matched.

关键词： charged anisotropic stars:equations of state:layered interior