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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第4期26卷 799-809页

作者： Krish Homagain Chander Shahi Nancy Luckai Mahadev Sharma Faculty of Natural Resources Management Lakehead University ontario Forest Research institute

Biochar-based bioenergy production and sub- sequent land application of biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions by fixing atmospheric carbon into the soil for a long period of time. A thorough life cycle assessment of biochar-based bioenergy production and biochar land application in Northwestern ontario is conducted using SimaPro Ver. 8.1. The results of energy consumption and potential environmental impact of biochar-based bioenergy production system are compared with those of conventional coal-based system. Results show that biocbar land application consumes 4847.61 MJ per tonne dry feedstock more energy than conventional system, but reduces the GHG emissions by 68.19 kg CO2e per tonne of dry feed- stock in its life cycle. Biochar land application improves ecosystem quality by 18 %, reduces climate change by 15 %, and resource use by 13 % but may adversely impact on human health by increasing disability adjusted life years by 1.7 % if biomass availability is low to medium. Replacing fossil fuel with woody biomass has a positiveimpact on the environment, as one tonne of dry biomass feedstock when converted to biochar reduces up to 38 kg CO2e with biochar land application despite using more energy. These results will help understand a comprehensive picture of the new interventions in forestry businesses, which are promoting biochar-based bioenergy production.

关键词： Woody biomass Carbon sequestration Environmental impact assessment Greenhouse gasemissions Life cycle analysis Soil amendment

A functional tacrolimus-releasing nerve wrap for enhancing nerve regeneration following surgical nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 291-304页

作者： Simeon C.Daeschler Katelyn J.W.So Konstantin Feinberg Marina Manoraj Jenny Cheung Jennifer Zhang Kaveh Mirmoeini JPaul Santerre Tessa Gordon Gregory HBorschel SickKids Research institute Neuroscience and Mental Health ProgramTorontoONCanada institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Indiana University School of Medicine IndianapolisINUSA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery the Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoONCanada Translational Biology and Engineering Program Ted Rogers Centre for Heart ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringFaculty of DentistryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Axonal regeneration following surgical nerve repair is slow and often incomplete,resulting in poor functional recovery which sometimes contributes to lifelong ***,there are no FDA-approved therapies available to promote nerve *** accelerates axonal regeneration,but systemic side effects presently outweigh its potential benefits for peripheral nerve *** authors describe herein a biodegradable polyurethane-based drug delivery system for the sustained local release of tacrolimus at the nerve repair site,with suitable properties for scalable production and clinical application,aiming to promote nerve regeneration and functional recovery with minimal systemic drug *** is encapsulated into co-axially electrospun polycarbonate-urethane nanofibers to generate an implantable nerve wrap that releases therapeutic doses of bioactive tacrolimus over 31 *** and drug loading are adjustable for applications in small and large caliber nerves,and the wrap degrades within 120 days into biocompatible *** released from the nerve wrap promotes axon elongation in vitro and accelerates nerve regeneration and functional recovery in preclinical nerve repair models while off-target systemic drug exposure is reduced by 80%compared with systemic *** its surgical suitability and preclinical efficacy and safety,this system may provide a readily translatable approach to support axonal regeneration and recovery in patients undergoing nerve surgery.

关键词： biodegradable local drug delivery nerve injury nerve regeneration nerve wrap tacrolimus

Executionary pathway for apoptosis: lessons from mutant mice

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Cell Research 2000年第4期10卷 267-278页

作者： WOO MINNA RAZQALLAH HAKEM TAK W. MAK Amgen institute and ontario Cancer institute, Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada 1Amgen institute and ontario Cancer institute Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Canada 1Amgen institute and ontario Cancer institute Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Canada 1Amgen institute and ontario Cancer institute Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Canada

Apoptosis or programmed cell death (PCD) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process that is essential for normal development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. Defects in the apoptosis signaling result in many diseases including autoimmune diseases and cancer. The apoptosis signaling pathway was first described genetically in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans which serves as a framework for the more complex apoptotic pathways that exist in mammals. In this review, we will discuss the apoptotic pathways that are emerging in mammals as elucidated by studies of gene-targeted mutant mice.

关键词： Apoptosis progammed cell death caspases death receptors mitochondri?

Sizing up feature descriptors for macromolecular machine learning with polymeric biomaterials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1287-1296页

作者： Samantha Stuart Jeffrey Watchorn Frank X.Gu institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada

It has proved challenging to represent the behavior of polymeric macromolecules as machine learning features for biomaterial interaction *** are several approaches to this representation,yet no consensus for a universal representational framework,in part due to the sensitivity of biomacromolecular interactions to polymer *** help navigate the process of feature engineering,we provide an overview of popular classes of data representations for polymeric biomaterial machine learning while discussing their merits and ***,increasing the accessibility of polymeric biomaterial feature engineering knowledge will contribute to the goal of accelerating clinical translation from biomaterials discovery.

关键词： properties prediction biomaterials

Development and Modeling of Remotely Operated Scaled Multi-wheeled Combat Vehicle Using System Identification

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2019年第3期16卷 261-273页

作者： A.N.Ouda Amr Mohamed Moustafa EI-Gindy Haoxiang Lang Jing Ren Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT)

This paper describes the development and modeling of a remotely operated scaled multi-wheeled combat vehicle(ROMWCV)using system identification methodology for heading angle *** vehicle was developed at the vehicle dynamics and crash research(VDCR)Lab at the University of ontario institute of Technology(UOIT)to analyze the characteristics of the full-size *** such vehicles,the development of controllers is considered the most crucial *** this paper,the ROMWCV is developed *** experimental test was carried out to record and analyze the vehicle input/output signals in open loop system,which is considered a multi-input-single-output(MISO)***,a fuzzy logic controller(FLC)was developed for heading angle *** experiments showed that it was feasible to represent the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle using the system identification *** estimation and validation results demonstrated that the obtained identified model was able to explain 88.44%of the output *** addition,the developed FLC showed a good heading angle tracking.

关键词： Autonomous multi-wheeled vehicle system identification all wheel steering fuzzy logic(FL) parametric identification

Magnetic Field of a Compact Spherical Star under f(R,T) Gravity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2018年第9期35卷 104-108页

作者： Safiqul Islam Shantanu Basu Harish-Chandra Research institute HBNI Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Western Ontario

We present the interior solutions of distributions of magnetized fluid inside a sphere in f（R, T） gravity. Tile magnetized sphere is embedded in an exterior Reissner NordstrOm metric. We assume that all physical quantities are in static equilibrium. The perfect fluid matter is studied under a particular form of the Lagrangian density f（R, T）. The magnetic field profile in modified gravity is calculated. Observational data of neutron stars are used to plot suitable models of magnetized compact objects. We reveal the effect of f（R, T） gravity on the magnetic field profile, with application to neutron stars, especially highly magnetized neutron stars found in x-ray pulsar systems. Finally, the effective potential Veff and innermost stable circular orbits, arising out of the motion of a test particle of negligible mass influenced by attraction or repulsion from the massive center, are discussed.

关键词： Gravity Magnetic Field of a Compact Spherical Star under f R,T

Diet for stroke prevention

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2018年第2期3卷 44-50页

作者： J David Spence Stroke Prevention&Atherosclerosis Research Centre Robarts Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada Neurology and Clinical Pharmacology University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Lifestyle is far more important than most physicians *** changes in China that have resulted from increased prosperity are probably responsible for a marked rise in coronary risk in the past several decades,accelerating in recent *** of meat and eggs has increased,while intake of fruits,vegetables and whole grains has *** 2003 and 2013,coronary mortality in China increased 213%,while stroke mortality increased by 26.6%.Besides a high content of cholesterol,meat(particularly red meat)contains carnitine,while egg yolks contain *** are converted by the intestinal microbiome to trimethylamine,in turn oxidised in the liver to trimethylamine n-oxide(TMAO).TMAO causes atherosclerosis in animal models,and in patients referred for coronary angiography high levels after a test dose of two hard-boiled eggs predicted increased cardiovascular *** strongest evidence for dietary prevention of stroke and myocardial infarction is with the Mediterranean diet from Crete,a nearly vegetarian diet that is high in beneficial oils,whole grains,fruits,vegetables and *** at risk of stroke should avoid egg yolk,limit intake of red meat and consume a diet similar to the Mediterranean diet.A crucial issue for stroke prevention in China is reduction of sodium *** changes,although difficult to implement,represent an important opportunity to prevent stroke and have the potential to reverse the trend of increased cardiovascular risk in China.

关键词： prevention intake mortality

IN VIVO NEAR-INFRAREDFLUORESCENCEIMAGING OF HUMANCOLONADENOCARCINOMABY SPECIFIC IMMUNOTARGETINGOFA TUMOR-ASSOCIATEDMUCIN

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 407-422页

作者： RALPH S.DACOSTA YING TANG TUULA KALLIOMAKI RAYMOND M.REILLY ROBERT WEERSINK ALISHA R.ELFORD NORMAN E.MARCON BRIAN C.WILSON Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging Ontario Cancer Institute 610 University of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5G 2M9Canada Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Princess Margaret Hospital/Ontario Cancer Institute University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada NIH/NCI Radiation Oncology Branch BethesdaMDUSA Division of Clinical Investigation and Human Physiology Toronto General Hospital Research institute and University of Toronto Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy TorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory for Applied Biophotonics University Health Network TorontoOntarioCanada Campbell Family institute for Breast Cancer Research University Health Network/ontario Cancer institute Department of Medical Biophysics and Immunology Toronto OntarioCanada St.Michael’s Hospital Center for Therapeutic Endoscopy and Endoscopic Oncology Toronto OntarioCanada

Background and Aims: Accurate endoscopic detection of premalignant lesions and earlycancers in the colon is essential for cure, since prognosis is closely related to lesion size andstage. Although it has great clinical potential, autofluorescence endoscopy has limited tumorto-normal tissue image contrast for detecting small preneoplastic lesions. We have developed amolecularly specific, near-infrared fluorescent monoclonal antibody (CC49) bioconjugate whichtargets tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG72), as a contrast agent to improve fluorescencebased endoscopy of colon cancer. Methods: The fluorescent anti-TAG72 conjugate was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in athymic nude mice bearing human colon adenocarcinoma (LS174T)subcutaneous tumors. Autofluorescence, a fluorescent but irrelevant antibody and the free fluorescent dye served as controls. Fluorescent agents were injected intravenously, and in vivowhole body fluorescence imaging was performed at various time points to determine pharmacokinetics, followed by ex vivo tissue analysis by confocal fluorescence microscopy and histology Results: Fluorescence microscopy and histology confirmed specific LS174T cell membrane targeting of labeled CC49 in vitro and ex vivo. In vivo fluorescence imaging demonstrated significant tumor-to-normal tissue contrast enhancement with labeled-CC49 at three hours postinjection, with maximum contrast after 48 h. Accumulation of tumor fluorescence demonstratedthat modification of CC49 antibodies did not alter their specific tumor-localizing properties, andwas antibody-dependent since controls did not produce detectable tumor fluorescence. Conclusions: These results show proof-of-principle that our near-infrared fluorescent-antibody probetargeting a tumor-associated mucin detects colonic tumors at the molecular level in real time,and offer a basis for future improvement of image contrast during clinical fluorescence endoscopy.

关键词： Autofluorescence imaging endoscopy colon adenocarcinoma TAG72 CC49 mucin monoclonal antibody conjugate confocal fluorescence microscopy.

ACTIVATABLE SMART PROBES FOR MOLECULAR OPTICAL IMAGING AND THERAPY

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2008年第1期1卷 45-61页

作者： JONATHAN F.LOVELL GANG ZHENG institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging Ontario Cancer Institute TorontoOntario M5G 1L7Canada

Recent years have seen the design and implementation of many optical activatable smart *** probes are activatable because they change their optical properties and are smart because they can identify specific *** broad class of detection agents has allowed previously unperformed visualizations,facilitating the study of diverse biomolecules including enzymes,nucleic acids,ions and reactive oxygen *** to be robust in an in vivo environment,these probes have been used in tissue culture cells and in live small *** emerging class of smart probes has been designed to harness the potency of singlet oxygen generating *** the discrimination of activatable agents with the toxicity of photosensitizers represents a new and powerful approach to disease *** review highlights some applications of activatable smart probes with a focus on developments of the past decade.

关键词： Optical imaging photodynamic therapy activatable imaging probes

Detection of respiratory viruses and bacteria in children using a twenty-two target reverse-transcription real-time PCR(RT-qPCR)panel

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第2期12卷 183-189页

作者： Chelsey Ellis Amita Misir Charles Hui Mona Jabbour Nicholas Barrowman JonathanLangill Jennifer Bowes Robert Slinger University of Ottawa Children's Hospital of Eastern OntarioChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada

Background:Rapid detection of the wide range of viruses and bacteria that cause respiratory infection in children is important for patient care and antibiotic *** therefore designed and evaluated a readyto-use 22 target respiratory infection reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)panel to determine if this would improve detection of these agents at our pediatric ***:RT-qPCR assays for twenty-two target organisms were dried-down in individual wells of 96 well plates and saved at room *** included 18 respiratory viruses and 4 *** automated nucleic acid extraction of nasopharyngeal aspirate(NPA)samples,rapid qPCR was ***-qPCR results were compared with those obtained by the testing methods used at our hospital ***:One hundred fi fty-nine pediatric NPA samples were tested with the RT-qPCR *** or more respiratory pathogens were detected in 132/159(83%)*** was significantly higher than the detection rate of standard methods(94/159,59%)(P<0.001).This difference was mainly due to improved RT-qPCR detection of rhinoviruses,parainfl uenza viruses,bocavirus,and *** panel internal control assay performance remained stable at room temperature storage over a two-month testing ***:The RT-qPCR panel was able to identify pathogens in a high proportion of respiratory *** panel detected more positive specimens than the methods in use at our *** pre-made panel format was easy to use and rapid,with results available in approximately 90 *** now plan to determine if use of this panel improves patient care and antibiotic stewardship.

关键词： bacterial infections pediatric polymerase chain reaction respiratory infectious diseases viral infections