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Intelligent Design of High Strength and High Conductivity Copper Alloys Using Machine Learning Assisted by Genetic Algor

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1727-1755页

作者： Parth Khandelwal Harshit Indranil Manna Metallurgical&Materials Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Computer Science&Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Vice chancellor office Birla Institute of Technology(BIT)MesraRanchiJharkhand835215India

Metallic alloys for a given application are usually designed to achieve the desired properties by devising experimentsbased on experience, thermodynamic and kinetic principles, and various modeling and simulation exercises.However, the influence of process parameters and material properties is often non-linear and non-colligative. Inrecent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool to dealwith the complex interrelation betweencomposition, properties, and process parameters to facilitate accelerated discovery and development of new alloysand functionalities. In this study, we adopt an ML-based approach, coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) principles,to design novel copper alloys for achieving seemingly contradictory targets of high strength and high electricalconductivity. Initially, we establish a correlation between the alloy composition (binary to multi-component) andthe target properties, namely, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Catboost, an ML model coupledwith GA, was used for this task. The accuracy of the model was above 93.5%. Next, for obtaining the optimizedcompositions the outputs fromthe initial model were refined by combining the concepts of data augmentation andPareto front. Finally, the ultimate objective of predicting the target composition that would deliver the desired rangeof properties was achieved by developing an advancedMLmodel through data segregation and data augmentation.To examine the reliability of this model, results were rigorously compared and verified using several independentdata reported in the literature. This comparison substantiates that the results predicted by our model regarding thevariation of conductivity and evolution ofmicrostructure and mechanical properties with composition are in goodagreement with the reports published in the literature.

关键词： Machine learning genetic algorithm solid-solution precipitation strengthening pareto front data augmentation

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Domestication of Marama Bean in Arid Namibia: Challenges and Opportunities in a Climate Changing Agroecology

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第1期13卷 14-30页

作者： Percy Maruwa Chimwamurombe Erold Naomab Department of Biology Chemistry and Physics School of Natural and Applied Sciences Faculty of Health Natural Resources and Applied Sciences Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia office of the Vice chancellor Namibia University of Science and Technology Windhoek Namibia

Tylosema esculentum (Burch.) A. Schreib. (Marama bean), referred to as marama in sections of this article, is an obligate outcrossing native plant with a yield potential of 2 ton/hectare which grows naturally in the deep sandy soils of the Kalahari Desert. It has adapted to the low precipitation levels in that agro-ecosystem. Marama serves as a staple food for the San and Bantus in that area. In Namibia, in the past you could find wild stands of marama in the Khomas region, Omaheke region, and the Otjozondjupa region without must struggle. It is renowned for its brown seeds, which are rich in high-quality oils and proteins. The tuberous root contains a significant amount of starch. The objective of domesticating orphaned marama is to provide farmers in this climate change-prone region with a viable alternative for food and nutrition security. This program, initiated in 2008 with an open-minded mindset, required swift implementation using harsh and occasionally unconventional methods. To introduce indigenous tools for resource-poor farmers, the domestication program prioritized the utilization of farmer-participatory methodologies. It was crucial to integrate old and new approaches to ensure learning from past and present experiences, leading to innovative solutions. There is little research and development of native crops in Africa because most of the currently cultivates crops were brought for use from abroad. Only a few numbers of indeginous African crops can be named. The arid Kalahari region, susceptible to climate change, necessitates the revival of indigenous crops like marama, which are resilient and well-adapted to the region’s conditions and have thrived for centuries. In many discussions regarding the health and nutrition of Africa, the recommendation to consume traditional foods to avoid exposure to modern foods, which may not be genetically compatible, is frequently emphasized. Regardless of their validity, these opinions must be acknowledged, and steps need to be taken to ensure a positive legacy for

关键词： Crop Improvement Crop Domestication Drought Tolerance Food Security Genetic Improvement Marama Bean Tylosema esculentum

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Noise robustness of an operational modal-based structural damage-detection scheme using impact-synchronous modal analysis

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浙江大学学报(英文版)A辑:应用物理与工程 2023年第9期24卷 782-800页

作者： Pei Yi SIOW Zhi Chao ONG Shin Yee KHOO Kok-Sing LIM Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia Photonics Research Centre Deputy Vice Chancellor(Research and Innovation)OfficeUniversiti MalayaKuala Lumpur 50603Malaysia

Data-driven damage-detection schemes are usually unsupervised machine-learning models in practice,as these do not require any training.Vibration-based features are commonly used in these schemes but often require several other parameters to accurately correlate with damage,as they may not globally represent the model,making them less sensitive to damage.Modal data,such as frequency response functions(FRFs)and principal component analysis(PCA)reduced FRFs(PCA-FRFs),inherits the dynamic characteristics of the structure,and it changes when damage occurs,thus showing sensitivity to damage.However,noise from the environment or external sources such as wind,operating machines,or the in-service system itself,can reduce the modal data's sensitivity to damage if not handled properly,which affects damage-detection accuracy.This study proposes a noise-robust operational modal-based structural damage-detection scheme that uses impact-synchronous modal analysis(ISMA)to generate clean,static-like FRFs for damage diagnosis.ISMA allows modal data collection without requiring shutdown conditions,and its denoising feature aids in generating clean,static-like FRFs for damage diagnosis.Our results showed that the FRFs obtained through ISMA under noise conditions have frequency response assurance criterion(FRAC)and cross signature assurance criterion(CSAC)scores greater than 0.9 when compared with FRFs obtained through experimental modal analysis(EMA)under static conditions;this validates the denoising feature of ISMA.When the denoised FRFs are reduced to PCA-FRFs and used in an unsupervised learning-based damage-detection scheme,zero false alarms occur.

关键词： Impact-synchronous modal analysis(ISMA) Frequency response function(FRF) Principal component analysis(PCA) Unsupervised learning Damage detection

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Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Persicaria odorata leaf extract: Antibacterial, cytocompatibility, and in vitro wound healing evaluation

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Particuology 2022年第11期70卷 10-19页

作者： Faridah Aminullah Lubis Nik Ahmad Nizam NikMalek Nor Suriani Sani Khairunadwa Jemon Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTMSkudaiJohorMalaysia Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials(CSNano) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research(ISI-ISIR)Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTMSkudaiJohorMalaysia office of Deputy Vice chancellor(Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTMSkudaiJohorMalaysia

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles(b-AgNPs)utilising plant extract has gained the interest of researchers due to the environmentally friendly and cost-effective technique.However,the extent of its application in the biomedical field remains scarce.This study evaluates the antibacterial,cytocompatibility,and wound healing activities of synthesised AgNPs using Persicaria odorata leaves extract(PO-AgNPs).The formation of PO-AgNPs was observed by visual colour changes and verified by ultraviolet-visible(UV–vis)spectrophotometer,which revealed a surface plasmon resonance(SPR)at around 440 nm,and further confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Characterisation using Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy showed biomolecules from the leaves extract presented together on PO-AgNPs.Field emission scanning electron microscope(FESEM)and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM)images revealed PO-AgNPs nanospheres with diameters of 11±3 nm.Disc diffusion test(DDT)and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)analysis resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of PO-AgNPs against tested Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).These results were further corroborated by time-kill kinetic assay which revealed that PO-AgNPs were bactericidal against both strains 24 h post-treatment.Cytocompatibility and in vitro wound healing evaluation against normal human fibroblast cells,HSF 1184 inferred that PO-AgNPs are non-toxic to normal cells and able to enhance cell migration as compared to the non-treated cells.Therefore,PO-AgNPs are biocompatible and possess antibacterial and wound healing capabilities that are useful in biomedical applications.

关键词： Silver nanoparticles Biosynthesis Antibacterial Cytocompatibility Wound healing

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Paris agreement on climate change and Botswana's Vision 2036:an examination of linkages

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2018年第1期16卷 59-66页

作者： Patricia K.Mogomotsi Goemeone E.J.Mogomotsi Wame L.Hambira Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Department of Legal Services Office of the Vice ChancellorUniversity of Botswana

Sustainable use of natural resources and sustainable development are concepts that are gaining momentum globally in the advent of global warming and climate change. The threshold for the entry in force of the Paris Agreement on Climate Change was achieved exactly 5 days after the unveiling of Botswana's Vision 2036 document. This development framework envisages sustainable economic development and climate change adaptation. This article uses exploratory research methodology of systematic document analysis to analyze these principles in the context of Botswana. It investigates government's intentions in achieving the third pillar of the national vision. Botswana has declared its intensions to reduce carbon emissions by 15% by 2030 through the intended nationally determined contributions. While the country's ambitions are largely forward-looking and aligned with those of the Paris Agreement, the economic diversification plans of Botswana threaten to potentially contribute significantly to the emission of greenhouse gases. The article applies sustainability and/or sustainable development theory in examining the relationship between the Paris Agreement and Botswana's vision. It concludes that there is link between the two documents, both of which are anchored of the development which is environmentally sustainable. It further concludes that developing nations should make international commitments which are aligned to their developmental plans.

关键词： Sustainable development sustainability climate change natural resources global warming green growth

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Integrity and resilience in the face of multiple crises:commentary from Puerto Rico

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第3期6卷 316-319页

作者： Richard J.Noel Jr Jose A.Torres-Ruiz Department of Basic Sciences School of MedicinePonce Health Sciences UniversityPoncePRUSA office of the chancellor Ponce Health Sciences UniversityPoncePRUSA

Since 2010,the population of Puerto Rico has declined by 11.8%and is currently 3.3 million peo-ple[1].This worrisome trend is a result of a pleth-ora of island-wide challenges spanning financial difficulties,natural disasters,and epidemics.Following over a decade of economic hardship and debt,incapacitating hurricanes,Irma and Maria,destroyed large swaths of the island in 2017.While still recovering from that disaster,a magnitude 6.4 earthquake centered about 5 miles off the south-western coast on January 7,2020,destroying build-ings and roads in southwestern Puerto Rico.This event,and subsequent aftershocks that continue until today,further aggravate an already stressed popula-tion.In the mix,viral epidemics have brought fur-ther economic,social,and health-related suffering.Puerto Rico was the centre of the 2016-2017 Zika virus infections,representing over 85%of the US infections in 2016[2].

关键词： island disaster southwestern

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In situ biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-incorporated synthesized zeolite A using Orthosiphon aristatus extract for in vitro antibacterial wound healing

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Particuology 2022年第8期20卷 27-34页

作者： Muhammad Hariz Asraf Nor Suriani Sani Craig Denver Williams Khairunadwa Jemon Nik Ahmad Nizam Nik Maliek Department of Biosciences Faculty of ScienceUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia office of Deputy Vice chancellor(Research and Innovation) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 UTM SkudaiJohorMalaysia University of Wolverhampton Wulfuna StreetWolverhampton WV11SBEnglandUK Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials(CSNano) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research(ISI-SIR).Universiti Teknologi Malaysia81310 SkudaiJohorMalaysia

The capability of synthesized zeolite A(SZ)to immobilize Ag ions(Ag-SZ)and Ag nanoparticles(AgNp-SZ)were comparatively studied.A novel approach of in situ biosynthesized AgNP-incorporated synthesized zeolite A(AgNp-SZ)was synthesized at an optimum volume of 0.4mL of the Orthosiphon aristatus(O.aristatus)leaves plant extract(5%)using an in situ approach.In comparison,Ag-Sz was produced by loading the synthesized zeolite with Ag ions.All synthesized materials were characterized for their morphologies and physicochemicalproperties.The characterization analysesvalidate thathe biosynthesized AgNP(<100 nm)using O.aristatus leaves extract was incorporated into the zeolite A.The antibacterial testing confirmed that these materials have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coliATCC11229 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538.MIC/MBC analysis demonstrated that in 0.9%saline solution,AgNP-SZ had higher antibacterial activity than Ag-Sz.The in vitro cell viability and migration assays were further examined towards human skin fibroblast cells HSF 1184.Results show that the materials are not cytotoxicto HSF1184,and the biosynthesized AgNP-SZ promotes cell migration and proliferation higher than Ag-SZ.This research proved that the biocompatible antibacterial wound healing agent of AgNP-SZ can be synthesized using an in situ approach where the reduction process of Ag ions in the zeolite Acan be performed using plant extract.

关键词： Zeolite Orthosiphon aristatus Biosynthesis Silver nanoparticles Antibacterial In vitro wound healing

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Effects of Cooking on Anthocyanin Concentration and Bioactive Antioxidant Capacity in Glutinous and Non-Glutinous Purple Rice

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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 270-278页

作者： Supaporn YAMUANGMORN Bernard DELL Chanakan PROM-U-THAI Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University office of the Deputy Vice chancellor Murdoch University Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai University

Purple rice is a source of bioactive antioxidants for rice consumers. Loss of the major antioxidant compounds after a range of cooking processes was evaluated by measuring the changes in anthocyanin concentration （ATC） and antioxidant capacity （DPPH activity） of four non-glutinous and four glutinous genotypes. However, soaking in water prior to cooking generally decreased more ATC and antioxidant capacity in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes. Wet cooking （WC） and soaking before wet cooking （S-WC） led to lose almost all the ATC and antioxidant capacity with only slight variation between genotypes. In the glutinous genotype Pieisu, which had the highest raw rice ATC, ATC remained the highest when cooked by the WC method. By contrast, almost no ATC remained after WC and S-WC in the low ATC genotypes such as Kum Doi Saket. Overall, the loss of ATC was greater in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes for both WC and S-WC methods, but the reverse occurred for antioxidant capacity. WC using electric rice cooker retained higher ATC than the pressure cooking. Thus, for genotypes with high ATC and antioxidant capacity, the selection of cooking method is critical for retaining and stabilizing rice quality.

关键词： purple rice rice cooking anthocyanin antioxidant capacity wet cooking

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Community participation in cultural heritage and environmental policy formulation in Botswana

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2018年第2期16卷 171-180页

作者： Goemeone E.J Mogomotsi Patricia K Mogomotsi Reniko Gondo Tshenolo J Madigele Department of Legal Services Office of the Vice Chancellor University of Botswana Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Department of Theology and Religious Studies University of Botswana

Cultural heritage does not have direct economic benefits. However, if properly managed it can stimulate social cohesions, improving the environment and have beneficial economic spin offs for the local communities. This paper discusses the role of communities in the formulation of the policies concerning their local environment. It argues that community engagement by policy makers is important in giving legitimacy and ownership of the policies. Furthermore, this paper discusses the potential of cultural heritage in diversifying the economy in Botswana. This paper recommends for the re-assessment of the relationship between the state and local communities which is critical in resuscitating the seemingly ailing community business organizations. In conclusion, it argues for the sustainable management of cultural heritage as a social and economic resource in the next 50 years of Botswana's independence.

关键词： Cultural heritage sustainable economic growth local communities policy formulation

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Consumer willingness to pay for plastic bags levy and willingness to accept eco-friendly alternatives in Botswana

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2017年第3期15卷 255-261页

作者： Patricia K.Madigele Goemeone E.J Mogomotsi Mavis Kolobe Okavango Research Institute University of Botswana Department of Legal Services Office of the Vice ChancellorUniversity of Botswana Department of Economics Faculty of Social Sciences University of Botswana

Plastic bags, though commonly used for packaging of goods, are highly durable and nonbiodegradable. Plastic bag litter serves as a negative environmental externality detrimental to animal health and natural beauty of the environment. In an effort to curtail the excessive use of plastic bags in Botswana, the government introduced a plastic levy targeted at consumers at retail points. This study uses primary data collected from 367 respondents randomly selected from six geospatially and purposively selected shopping malls to determine the consumers' willingness to pay(WTP) for continued plastic bag usage and their willingness to accept(WTA)to shift to eco-friendly alternatives. The results of the study revealed that open dumping and burning of plastic litter are more common in Maun than in Gaborone. It also showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of education and WTP. Further, there is a significant variation in income and education in respect to environmental awareness. The government should improve its efforts of sensitizing the public about the improper disposal of plastic bags.

关键词：塑料袋消费者 eco 征收塑料垃圾商品包装动物健康商业网点

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