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Collaborative Efforts and Strategies for Cholera Outbreak Control in Garissa County, Kenya: Implementation of Water Quality Monitoring Interventions

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第2期16卷 123-139页

作者： Michael Habtu Mark Nanyingi Ali A. Hassan Abdiwahid M. Noor Joel Mutyandia Muli Alan Mwika Julius Wekesa Ahmed Fidhow Diba Dulacha Landry Kabego Ishata Nannie Conteh Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Sonia Chene Aden H. Ibrahim Ahmed Nadhir Omar Martins C. Livinus Abdourahmane Diallo world health organization Nairobi Kenya Department of health Garissa County Government Garissa Kenya Water Resources Authority Garissa Kenya world health organization Regional Office for Africa Brazzaville Congo Regional Agency for health Dijon France

A multi-faceted Case Area Targeted Intervention (CATI) approach emphasizing the integration of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) interventions and Oral Cholera Vaccine (OCV) campaign was employed to respond to the outbreak of cholera in Garissa County. Drinking water sources in areas heavily impacted by cholera were systematically mapped and tested for microbiological quality. The quality assessment was carried out in April 2023 during an ongoing cholera outbreak in the county. A total of 109 samples were collected and tested for thermotolerant coliforms and other in situ parameters. The finding revealed that more than 87% of the samples did not meet the world health organization (WHO) standard for thermotolerant coliforms;and 30% had turbidity values above the recommended threshold values. None of the 109 samples had any traceable residual chlorine. Following these findings, the county government implemented the targeted interventions which resulted in a positive impact in the fight against cholera. The WHO supported key interventions which included capacity building in water quality monitoring and prepositioning of critical WASH commodities to the cholera affected areas.

关键词： Cholera Drinking Water Household Water Treatment Kenya

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Aldo-keto reductases:Role in cancer development and theranostics

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Oncology Research 2024年第8期32卷 1287-1308页

作者： SIDDAVARAM NAGINI PRATHAP REDDY KALLAMADI KRANTHI KIRAN KISHORE TANAGALA GEEREDDY BHANUPRAKASH REDDY world Neem organization Mumbai400101India Department of Biochemistry ICMR-National Institute of NutritionHyderabad500007India Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew York10032USA

Aldo-keto reductases(AKRs)are a superfamily of enzymes that play crucial roles in various cellular processes,including the metabolism of xenobiotics,steroids,and carbohydrates.A growing body of evidence has unveiled the involvement of AKRs in the development and progression of various *** are aberrantly expressed in a wide range of malignant *** expression of AKRs enables the acquisition of hallmark traits of cancer by activating oncogenic signaling pathways and contributing to *** have emerged as promising oncotherapeutic targets given their pivotal role in cancer development and *** of aldose reductase(AR),either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs,has evolved as a pragmatic therapeutic option for *** classes of synthetic aldo-keto reductase(AKR)inhibitors have been developed as potential anticancer agents,some of which have shown promise in clinical *** AKR inhibitors from natural sources also exhibit anticancer *** molecule inhibitors targeting speciﬁc AKR isoforms have shown promise in preclinical *** inhibitors disrupt the activation of oncogenic signaling by modulating transcription factors and kinases and sensitizing cancer cells to *** this review,we discuss the physiological functions of human AKRs,the aberrant expression of AKRs in malignancies,the involvement of AKRs in the acquisition of cancer hallmarks,and the role of AKRs in oncogenic signaling,and drug ***,the potential of aldose reductase inhibitors(ARIs)as anticancer drugs is summarized.

关键词： Aldo-keto reductases(AKRs) Aldo-keto reductase(AKR)inhibitors Cancer Drug-resistance Xenobiotics

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Assessment of albendazole efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides at three sites of Andhra Pradesh,Odisha,and Kerala in india

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第7期17卷 310-316页

作者： Vinay Garg Ankur Garg Shubha Garg Sudhir Kumar Jain Tanzin Dikid Saurabh Jain Jitendra Manjhi Antonio Montresor Atul Goel Division of Parasitic Diseases National Centre for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India National Centre for Disease Control Ministry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India Epidemiology Division National Centre for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTD) World Health Organization(WHO)Av Appia 20 CH-1211Geneva 27Switzerland Department of Community&Family Medicine AIIMS KalyaniIndia Community and Primary Care-based Intervention Department of Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTD)World Health Organization(WHO)Av Appia 20 CH-1211Geneva 27Switzerland Director General of health Sciences(DGHS)&Director National Centre for Disease ControlMinistry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of India22-Sham Nath MargCivil LinesNew Delhi-110054India

Objective:To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris(A.)lumbricoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry,Sundergarh and ***:Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence,different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility.9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were *** study was conducted in two rounds:baseline&follow up *** eligible children found positive for *** at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day *** post-treatment follow-up survey,eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final *** samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz *** was estimated based on cure rate(CR)and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate(FECRR)among children found positive in baseline and follow-up ***:328 Out of 625(52.5%)were found positive for *** in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples(47.8%)during post-treatment follow-up ***,the estimated CR was 52.2%.FECRR(95%CI)for albendazole was 72.6%(79.2%-66.0%).The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri[89.7%(96.8%-82.6%)],followed by Sundergarh[86.4%(95.3%-77.5%)]and Wayanad[69%(81.7%-56.4%)].Conclusions:Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for *** infection at three different locations in ***,these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.

关键词： Soil transmitted helminths Ascaris lumbricoides Albendazole Efficacy

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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Lower-Level health Care Facilities of Dar es Salaam Region in Tanzania: Status towards Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and Way Forward

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 279-295页

作者： Mariam Mahamudu Hussein Mohamed Michael Habtu Dennis Rweyemamu Anyitike Mwakitalima Amour Seleman Erick Mgina Khalid Massa Grace Saguti Andre Arsene Bita Fouda Zabulon Yoti Ministry of health Dodoma Tanzania Department of Environmental and Occupational health Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania Regional office for Africa World Health Organization Brazzaville Republic of the Congo National Institute for Medical Research Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in health care settings is a critical prerequisite for achieving national health goals and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The world health organization (WHO) has set a target for each United Nations member state to reach by 2030. Each member state is required to reach by 2022, 2025 and 2030 at least 60%, 80% and 100%, respectively of basic level of service of the five elements which are water, sanitation, hygiene, waste management and environmental cleaning. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate and document the current state of basic water, sanitation, and hygiene services in all lower-level health care facilities in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania as of July 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 99 public dispensaries in the Dar es Salaam region’s five councils: Ubungo, Kigamboni, Kinondoni and Temeke Municipalities, and Ilala City. The interviewee form and observational checklists were both digitalized using the Kobo tool software. The respondents were health care facility in-charges or nurse in-charges. Data were downloaded, validated, and imported to Stata version 15 for analysis. Results: The basic WASH level per JMP is far below the target in 2022. Each member state by 2022 is required to reach at least 60% of the basic level of service of each element. We found a low coverage of basic WASH in the 99 dispensaries included in this study. The basic WASH coverage was met in only 10 (10.1%) of the dispensaries, while the remaining 89 (89.9%) dispensaries fall on limited WASH services. Conclusion: This study revealed lower coverage of basic WASH services in dispensaries. An urgent need is required to improve the status of WASH in all the dispensaries and facilitate the provision of quality health care services, patient safety and reduce health care associated infections.

关键词： Dispensaries Low Level health Care Facilities Service Levels Basic WASH Dar es Salaam

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Quantized Redshift and its Significance for Recent Observation

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第9期24卷 156-166页

作者： Arindam Mal Sarbani Palit Christopher C.Fulton Sisir Roy indian Space Research organization Space Applications CentreAhmedabadIndia indian Statistical Institute CVPR UnitKolkataIndia Protostar Inc.15652 Carrousel DriveCanyon CountryCA 91387USA National Institute of Advanced Studies IISC CampusBangaloreIndia

With the recent observational evidence in extragalactic astronomy,the interpretation of the nature of quasar redshift continues to be a research *** high redshifts are being detected for extragalactic objects that are presumably very distant and young while also exhibiting properties that are characteristic of a more mature galaxy such as *** to Halton Arp and Geoffrey Burbidge,redshift disparities consist of an intrinsic component and are related to an evolutionary *** observed redshift periodicity at integer multiples of0.089 in log scale and Burbidge observed redshift periodicity at integer multiples of 0.061 in linear *** Singular Value Decomposition based periodicity estimation is known to be superior for noisy data sets,especially when the data contain multiple harmonics and overtones,mainly irregular in nature,we have chosen it to be our primary tool for analysis of the quasar-galaxy pair redshift *** have observed a fundamental periodicity of0.051 with a confidence interval of 95%in linear scale with the site-available Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7(SDSS DR7)quasar-galaxy pair data *** have independently generated quasar-galaxy pair data sets from both 2d F and SDSS and found fundamental periodicities of 0.077 and 0.089,respectively,in log scale with a confidence interval of 95%.

关键词： galaxies:distances and redshifts (galaxies:)quasars:absorption lines cosmology:observations

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Intelligent Design of High Strength and High Conductivity Copper Alloys Using Machine Learning Assisted by Genetic Algor

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1727-1755页

作者： Parth Khandelwal Harshit Indranil Manna Metallurgical&Materials Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Computer Science&Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpurWest Bengal721302India Vice Chancellor office Birla Institute of Technology(BIT)MesraRanchiJharkhand835215India

Metallic alloys for a given application are usually designed to achieve the desired properties by devising experimentsbased on experience, thermodynamic and kinetic principles, and various modeling and simulation ***, the influence of process parameters and material properties is often non-linear and non-colligative. Inrecent years, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool to dealwith the complex interrelation betweencomposition, properties, and process parameters to facilitate accelerated discovery and development of new alloysand functionalities. In this study, we adopt an ML-based approach, coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) principles,to design novel copper alloys for achieving seemingly contradictory targets of high strength and high electricalconductivity. Initially, we establish a correlation between the alloy composition (binary to multi-component) andthe target properties, namely, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. Catboost, an ML model coupledwith GA, was used for this task. The accuracy of the model was above 93.5%. Next, for obtaining the optimizedcompositions the outputs fromthe initial model were refined by combining the concepts of data augmentation andPareto front. Finally, the ultimate objective of predicting the target composition that would deliver the desired rangeof properties was achieved by developing an advancedMLmodel through data segregation and data *** examine the reliability of this model, results were rigorously compared and verified using several independentdata reported in the literature. This comparison substantiates that the results predicted by our model regarding thevariation of conductivity and evolution ofmicrostructure and mechanical properties with composition are in goodagreement with the reports published in the literature.

关键词： Machine learning genetic algorithm solid-solution precipitation strengthening pareto front data augmentation

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in india

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Malu Mohan Jeromie W.V.Thangaraj Sumit Pandey G.Sri Lakshmi Priya Sivavallinathan Arunachalam Rahul Sharma Hemant Deepak Shewade B.Aishwarya K.Afeeq Afsana Khatoon B.Gokulvijay Gude Sireesha Kavita Chandra S.Nandhakumar Prince Samuel C.Nanditha Viswanathan Devika Shanmugasundaram Raghuram Rao Manoj V.Murhekar Kathiresan Jeyashree indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127TNHBAyapakkamChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for IndiaNew DelhiIndia Central Tuberculosis Division Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of india introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit *** undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple *** conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of india,selected using theoretical *** analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent *** and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial *** political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of ***,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its length

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory india

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Prioritizing Strategies for Building the Resilience of Public health Systems to Disasters Across Multiple Communities and Countries

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 1-17页

作者： Benjamin J.Ryan Mayumi Kako Shelby Garner Rok Fink Ismail Tayfur Jonathan Abrahams Sanjaya Bhatia Adriana Campelo Matthew Fendt Alicia Fontenot Nahuel Arenas Garcia Tim Hatch Ryoma Kayano LaShonda Malrey‑Horne Makiko MacDermot Md Moshiur Rahman Chaverle Noel Shuhei Nomura Jeremy P.Novak Maria Opazo Kendell Oliver Luciana Peters Sohel Rahman PerihanŞimşek Andrew Stricklin Raymond Swienton Bryan W.Brooks Frist College of Medicine Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Department of Environmental Science Environmental Health Science ProgramCollege of Arts and SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Division of Nursing Science School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshima UniversityHiroshima 734-8553Japan Gordon E.Inman College of health Sciences and Nursing Belmont UniversityNashvilleTN 37212USA Faculty of health Sciences University of Ljubljana1000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Emergency Medicine University of Health Sciences34668 IstanbulTurkey Monash University Accident Research Center MelbourneVIC 3800Australia Global Education and Training Institute United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionIncheon 22004Republic of Korea Regional Ofce for the Americas and Caribbean United Nations Ofce for Disaster Risk ReductionPanama City 0843-03441Panama Engineering and Computer Science Baylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Department of Public health Robbins College of Health and Human SciencesBaylor UniversityWacoTX 76798USA Alabama Department of Public health MontgomeryAL 36092USA world health organization Centre for health Development(WHO Kobe Centre) Kobe 651-0073Japan Waco-McLennan County Public health District WacoTX 76707USA Department of health Policy and Management School of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyo 160-8582Japan Department of Global health Policy Graduate School of MedicineThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research Tokyo 106-6234Japan Global Development College BrisbaneQLD 4000Australia Municipality of Pudahuel 13124 PudahuelChile City Hall of Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 90010-170Brazil Ministry of health and Family Welfare Government of the People’s Republic of BangladeshDhaka 1000Bangladesh Department of Emergency Aid and Disaster Management Trabzon University61335 TrabzonTurkey Department of Emergency Medicine UT SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need to strengthen public health *** response,the United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction(UNDRR) Public health System Resilience Scorecard(Scorecard) was applied in workshops across multiple *** aim of our research was to explore the workshop findings to develop priority strategies for strengthening public health system *** conducted a workshop from 14 to 16 March 2023,at the UNDRR Global Education and Training Institute in Incheon,Republic of Korea.A sequential modified Delphi method was utilized to develop a set of prioritized resilience *** were drawn from 70 strategies identified from 13 distinct workshops in eight *** two surveys,23 strategies were *** received ratings of "High" or Very High" from89% of *** related to the inclusion of public health risks in emergency plans,integrating multidisciplinary teams into public health,enabling local transport mechanisms,and improving the ability to manage an influx of *** Scorecard provides an adaptable framework to identify and prioritize strategies for strengthening public health system *** leveraging this methodology,our study demonstrated how resilience strategies could inform disaster risk reduction funding,policies,and actions.

关键词： health system resilience Public policy Resilience scorecard Workshops

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Effect of process parameter on the flowability of nanocrystalline CoNiCrAlY powder synthesized by mechanical milling

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Particuology 2024年第9期92卷 210-223页

作者： Annadaa Shankara Dash Indranil Manna Deepa Devapal Sharad Chandra Sharma Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar School of Nanoscience and Technology IIT KharagpurWest BengalIndia BIT Mesra RanchiJharkhandIndia Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering IIT KharagpurWest BengalIndia Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre ThiruvanthapuramKeralaIndia

The present study concerns understanding the effect of process parameters on the characteristics and flowability of nanocrystalline CoNiCrAlY powder synthesized by mechanical *** milling has been conducted in a planetary ball mill with tungsten carbide(WC)ball,with ball to powder ratio of 10:1 at 300 rpm speed,using 1%stearic acid and toluene as process control agent(PCA)with time varying from 10 h to 36 *** synthesized nanocrystalline powder were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy,X-ray Diffraction technique,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy,and Differential Scanning ***,flowability in terms of Hausner ratio was assessed by Tap Density *** particle size of the powder was found to decrease from 33μm to 22μm after 10 h of milling and further increases to 43μm and 38μm after 25 and 36 h of milling,respectively,in stearic acid ***,in toluene medium particle size continuously decreases from 33μm to 9.7μm with increasing milling *** particle morphology changes from spherical to platelet shape at low milling hours in both of the *** 25 h of milling,the shape of the particles is nearly spherical for stearic acid and irregular for toluene used as a *** size was found to decrease with increasing milling time from 147 nm to 7.7 nm and to 6.4 nm in stearic acid and toluene media,*** was presence ofγ,γʹ,β,hcp-Co,Al_(2)O_(3)and AlOOH phases on the powder particles milled in both the *** measured Hausner ratio of the powders was found to vary from 1.18 to 1.32 in stearic acid medium,and was found to increase with increasing milling *** the other hand,in toluene media flowability decreases(Hausner ratio increases from 1.33 to 1.44)with increasing milling time.

关键词： Mechanical milling Microstructure Process control agent(PCA) CoNiCrAIY Toluene Stearic acid Flowability

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Mapping COVID-19 in india:Southern states at the forefront of new JN.1 variant

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第1期17卷 1-3页

作者： Rabin Debnath Arshdeep Singh Kushal Seni Anjali Sharma Viney Chawla Pooja A Chawla Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry ISF College of PharmacyG.T RoadGhal KalanMogaPunjab142001India Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis ISF College of PharmacyG.T RoadGhal KalanMogaPunjab142001India University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research Baba Farid University of Health SciencesFaridkotPunjabIndia

A new variant,JN.1,stemming from the omicron subvariant BA.2.86,garnered the attention of the world health organization(WHO)as a"variant of interest."Despite its rapid global spread,especially in the US,Canada,France,Singapore,Sweden[1],and the UK,JN.1 is considered to pose minimal *** vaccinations are believed to remain effective against *** WHO underscores the importance of maintaining immunization records amid co-occurring respiratory illnesses,and epidemiologists recommend monitoring hospitalizations,particularly in areas with low vaccination rates.

关键词： Canada Mapping spite

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