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Animal Nutrition 2023年第1期12卷 308-320页

作者： An Bautil Michael R.Bedford Johan Buyse Christophe M.Courtin Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems(M2S)KU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium ab Vista MarlboroughWiltshire SN84ANUnited Kingdom Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of BiosystemsKU LeuvenLeuven3001Belgium

Since the caecal microbiota of young broilers are not yet able to ferment the dietary fibre(DF)fraction of the feed to a large extent,increasing the accessibility of DF substrates along the gastrointestinal tract is crucial to benefit from the health stimulating metabolic end-products(*** acid)generated upon microbial DF ***,the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of reduced-particle size wheat bran(RPS-WB)and endoxylanases as feed additives to stimulate arabinoxylan(AX)hydrolysis and fermentation along the hindgut of young *** this end,RPS-WB and endoxylanase supplementation were evaluated in a 2×2 factorial design using a total of 256 male 1-d-old chicks(Ross 308).Broilers were assigned to 4 dietary treatments:a basal wheat-based diet with(1)no feed additives(control,CTRL),(2)an endoxylanase(XYL;Econase XT 25 at 0.10 g/kg diet),(3)1%wheat bran with an average reduced particle size of 297μm(RPS-WB)and(4)an endoxylanase and 1%RPS-WB(RPS-WB+XYL).Each dietary treatment was replicated 8 times and on d 10 and 28,respectively,24 and 16 broilers per treatment group were euthanised to analyse AX degradation,short-chain fatty acid production and digesta viscosity in the ileum and *** receiving XYL in their diet showed increased AX solubilisation and fermentation at both d 10 and 28 compared to the CTRL group(P<0.05).Adding RPS-WB to the diet stimulated wheat AX utilisation by the primary AX degraders in the caecum at 10 d of age compared to the CTRL group,as observed by the high AX digestibility coefficient for the RPS-WB supplemented group at this young age(P<0.05).At 28 d,RPS-WB supplementation lowered body-weight gains but increased butyric acid concentrations compared to the XYL and CTRL group(P<0.05).Although no synergistic effect for RPS-WB+XYL broilers was observed for AX hydrolysis and fermentation,these findings suggest that both additives can raise a dual benefit to the broiler as a butyrogenic effect and im

关键词： Broiler chicken Wheat bran Particle size reduction Xylanase Arabinoxylan fermentation

Neurocognitive Dysfunction After Treatment for Pediatric Brain Tumors:Subtype-Specific Findings and Proposal for Brain Network-Informed Evaluations

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2023年第12期39卷 1873-1886页

作者： Charlotte Sleurs Paul Fletcher Conor Mallucci Shivaram Avula Thankamma Ajithkumar Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology Tilburg University5037 ABTilburgThe Netherlands Department of Oncology KU Leuven3000LeuvenBelgium Department of Psychiatry University of CambridgeAddenbrookes HospitalCambridgeCB20QQUK Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science University of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB20QQUK Department of Neurosurgery Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolL145ABUK Department of Radiology Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolL145ABUK Department of Oncology Cambridge University Hospital NHS TrustCambridgeCB20QQUK

The increasing number of long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumors requires us to incorporate the most recent knowledge derived from cognitive neuroscience into their oncological *** the lesion itself,as well as each treatment,can cause specific neural damage,the long-term neurocognitive outcomes are highly complex and challenging to *** number of neurocognitive studies in this population grows exponentially worldwide,motivating modern neuroscience to provide guidance in follow-up before,during and after *** this review,we provide an overview of structural and functional brain connectomes and their role in the neuropsychological outcomes of specific brain tumor *** on this information,we propose a theoretical neuroscientific framework to apply appropriate neuropsychological and imaging follow-up for future clinical care and rehabilitation trials.

关键词： Connectome Pediatric brain tumor Neuroimaging Neurocognition-Neuropsychological assessment

In silico screening for As/Se-free ovonic threshold switching materials

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1359-1366页

作者： Sergiu Clima Daisuke Matsubayashi Taras Ravsher Daniele Garbin Romain Delhougne Gouri Sankar Kar Geoffrey Pourtois imec Kapeldreef 75B-3001 LeuvenBelgium Device Technology Research&Development Center Future Memory Development DepartmentKIOXIA CorporationShin-sugita-cho 8Isogo-kuYokohamaJapan KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200DB-3001 LeuvenBelgium

Restricted use of hazardous environmental chemicals is one important challenge that the semiconductor industry needs to face to improve its *** threshold switching(OTS)ternary compound materials used in memory selector devices contain As and *** these elements out of these materials requires significant research *** facilitate this process,we performed systematic material screening for As/Se-free ternary materials,based on ab-initio *** limit the large amount of possible chemical compositions to fewer promising candidates,we used physics-based material parameter filters like material stability,electronic properties,or change in *** OTS gauge concept is introduced as a computed parameter to estimate the probability of a material to show an OTS *** a result,we identified 35 As/Se-free ternary alloy compositions for stand-alone OTS memory applications,as well as 12 compositions for RRAM selector *** work aims seeding the development of As/Se-free OTS materials.

关键词： alloy ternary free

Feed endoxylanase type and dose affect arabinoxylan hydrolysis and fermentation in ageing broilers☆

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 787-800页

作者： An Bautil Johan Buyse Peter Goos Michael R.Bedford Christophe M.Courtin Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems(M2S)KU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Livestock Physiology Department of BiosystemsKU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium MeBioS Division Department of BiosystemsKU Leuven3001LeuvenBelgium ab Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

Despite the general use of endoxylanases in poultry feed to improve broiler performance,the abundance of different endoxylanase products and the variable response to their application in the field prevent a clear understanding of endoxylanase functionality in *** gain insight into this functionality,we investigated the impact of endoxylanase type(Belfeed from Bacillus subtilis versus Econase XT from Nonomuraea flexuosa)and dose(10,100,1,000 mg/kg)in combination with broiler age on arabinoxylan(AX)hydrolysis and fermentation in broilers(Ross 308)fed a wheat-soy based *** a digestibility trial and a performance trial,a total of 1,057 one-day-old chicks received the control diet or 1 of the 6 endoxylanase supplemented wheat-soy based diets with,respectively,5 replicate cages and 8 replicate pens per dietary treatment per *** AX content and structure,the AX digestibility values and the short-chain fatty acids produced were analysed at the level of the ileum,caeca and excreta at d 11 and *** supplementation resulted in a more extensive solubilisation of wheat AX and a reduction in the intestinal viscosity compared to the control(Pable AX substrates with a low degree of polymerisation(P=0.03).The effects were particularly present in young broilers(d 11).From this study,it is clear that the type and dose of endoxylanase added to wheat-soy based diets determine the nature of AX substrates ***

关键词： Broiler Arabinoxylan Feed enzyme Endoxylanase Digestion

Role and therapeutic potential of liquid-liquid phase separation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2021年第1期13卷 15-28页

作者： Donya Pakravan Gabriele Orlando Valerie Bercier Ludo Van Den Bosch Department of Neurosciences Experimental Neurology and Leuven Brain Institute(LBI)KU Leuven-University of Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium Laboratory of Neurobiology VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain&Disease Research3000 LeuvenBelgium Switch Laboratory VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain&Disease Research3000 LeuvenBelgium

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a late-onset neurodegenerative disease selectively affecting motor neurons, leading to pro-gressive paralysis. Although most cases are sporadic,-10% are familial. Similar proteins are found in aggregates in sporadicand familial ALS, and over the last decade, research has been focused on the underlying nature of this common ***, TDP-43 inclusions are found in almost all ALS patients, while Fus inclusions have been reported in some familial ALSpatients. Both TDP-43 and FUS possess ‘low-complexity domains' (LCDs) and are considered as ‘intrinsically disordered proteins',which form liquid droplets in vitro due to the weak interactions caused by the LCDs. Dysfunctional ‘liquid-lquid phase separa-tion'(LLPS) emerged as a new mechanism linking AlS-related proteins to pathogenesis. Here, we review the current state ofknowledge on ALS-related gene products associated with a proteinopathy and discuss their status as lLPS proteins. n addition,we highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting LLPS for treating ALS.

关键词： phase separation stress granule motor neuron ALS therapy

Phylogeny,ecology and taxonomy of systemic pathogens and their relatives in Ajellomycetaceae(Onygenales):Blastomyces,Emergomyces,Emmonsia,Emmonsiellopsis

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第3期90卷 245-291页

作者： Yanping Jiang Karolina Dukik Jose F.Munoz Lynne Sigler Ilan S.Schwartz Nelesh P.Govender Chris Kenyon Peiying Feng Bert Gerrits van den Ende J.Benjamin Stielow Alberto M.Stchigel Hongguang Lu Sybren de Hoog Department of Dermatology The Affiliated HospitalGuizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangChina Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute UtrechtThe Netherlands Center of Expertise in Mycology of RadboudUMC/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital NijmegenThe Netherlands Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard CambridgeMAUSA and Biological Sciences EdmontonABCanada Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Global Health Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium A Division of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa Sexually Transmitted Infection Unit Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Third Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Thermo Fisher Scientific LandsmeerThe Netherlands Mycology Unit and IISPV University Rovira i VirgiliReusTarragonaSpain

The family Ajellomycetaceae(Onygenales)includes mammal-associated pathogens within the genera Blastomyces,Emmonsia,Histoplasma and Paracoccidioides,as well as the recently described genera,Emergomyces that causes disease in immunocompromised hosts,and Emmonsiellopsis,known only from *** further assess the phylogenetic relationships among and between members of these genera and several previously undescribed species,we sequenced and analyzed the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II(rPB2),translation elongation factor 3-a(TEF3),b-tubulin(TUB2),28S large subunit rDNA(LSU)and the internal transcribed spacer regions(ITS)in 68 strains,in addition to morphological and physiological *** better understand the thermal dimorphism among these fungi,the dynamic process of transformation from mycelial to yeast-like or adiaspore-like forms was also assessed over a range of temperatures(6–42C).Molecular data resolved the relationships and recognized five major well-supported lineages that correspond largely to the genus ***,typified by Emmonsia parva,is a synonym of Blastomyces that also accommodates Blastomyces helicus(formerly Emmonsia helica).Emmonsia crescens is phylogenetically distinct,and found closely related to a single strain from soil without known *** silverae,Emergomyces canadensis,Emergomyces europaeus and Emmonsia sola are newly *** all of the taxa are associated with human and animal *** crescens,*** and *** are prevalently associated with pulmonary disease in humans or *** helicus,***,Emergomyces africanus,***,***,*** and ***(formerly Emmonsia pasteuriana)are predominantly found in human hosts with immune disorders;no animal hosts are known for these species except ***.

关键词： Ajellomycetaceae Onygenales Phylogeny Ecology Thermal dimorphism Systemic infection Taxonomy

Combined conventional/antioxidant“Astaxanthin”treatment for male infertility:a double blind,randomized trial

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2005年第3期7卷 257-262,页

作者： F.H.Comhaire Y.El Garem A.Mahmoud F.Eertmans F.Schoonians Department of Medical and Urological Andrology Ghent University HospitalGent B 9000Belgium Department of AndrologyAlexandria University HospitalAlexandriaEG 21544Egypt Department of Andrology Alexandria University HospitalAlexandriaEG 21544Egypt Department of Medical and Urological Andrology Ghent University HospitalGent B 9000Belgium

Aim： To evaluate the treatment of male infertility with a strong natural antioxidant, in addition to conventional treatment. Methods： Using a double blind, randomized trial design, 30 men with infertility of ≥12 months and female partners with no demonstrable cause of infertility received conventional treatment according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization （WHO）, and either a strong antioxidant Astaxanthin 16 rag/day （AstaCarox, AstaReal ab, Gustavsberg, Sweden） or placebo for 3 months. The effects of treatment on semen parameters, reactive oxygen species （ROS）, zona-free hamster oocyte test, serum hormones including testosterone, luteinizing hormone （LH）, follicle stimulating hormone （FSH） and Inhibin B, and spontaneous or intrauterine insemination （IUI）-induced pregnancies were evaluated. Results： ROS and Inhibin B decreased significantly and sperm linear velocity increased in the Astaxanthin group （n = 11）, but not in the placebo group （n = 19）. The results of the zona-free hamster oocyte test tended to improve in the Astaxanthin group in contrast with the placebo group, though not reaching statistical significance. The total and per cycle pregnancy rates among the placebo cases （10.5 % and 3.6 %） were lower compared with 54.5 % and 23. 1% respectively in the Astaxanthin group （P=0.028; P=0.036）. Conclusion： Although the present study suggests a positive effect of Astaxanthin on sperm parameters and fertility, the results need to be confirmed in a larger trial before recommending Astaxanthin for the complementary treatment of infertile men. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 257-262）

关键词： male infertility antioxidant astaxanthin ROS treatment pregnancy

Clinical Outcome of CF Patients with CF Related Diabetes: Do We Need to Change Our Policy?

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Open Journal of Pathology 2016年第1期6卷 32-40页

作者： An Jacobs Francois Vermeulen Kris de Boeck Kristina Casteels Marijke Proesmans KU Leuven Belgium Department of Pediatrics University Hospital of Leuven Leuven Belgium Pediatric Pulmonology University Hospital of Leuven Leuven Belgium Pediatric Endocrinology University Hospital of Leuven Leuven Belgium

Background: Many studies have shown that CFRD has a negative impact on CF prognosis. Current guidelines advise to screen for CFRD with an OGTT yearly from the age of 10 - 12. In our center we do not routinely screen for CFRD because the OGTT is cumbersome and not an ideal screening test. We therefore want to exclude unfavourable clinical evolution due to late diagnosis. Methods: 23 CF patients with diagnosis of CFRD ab treatment was higher in the CFRD group. In the 2 years following diagnosis and treatment, LF decline was worse in the CFRD despite more IV ab treatments. BMI was still comparable. We conclude that clinical status was comparable between cases and controls in the 2 years preceding the diagnosis of CFRD. However, the need for IV antibiotic treatment seems to precede the faster lung function decline after CFRD diagnosis.

关键词： Cystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes Clinical Outcome

Transparent conducting materials discovery using high-throughput computing

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 606-618页

作者： Guillaume Brunin Francesco Ricci Viet-Anh Ha Gian-Marco Rignanese Geoffroy Hautier UCLouvain Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences(IMCN)Chemin desÉtoiles 8Louvain-la-Neuve 1348Belgium

Transparent conducting materials(TCMs)are required in many applications from solar cells to transparent *** high performance materials combining the antagonistic properties of transparency and conductivity has been challenging especially for p-type ***,high-throughput ab initio computational screening has emerged as a formidable tool for accelerating materials *** this review,we discuss how this approach has been applied for identifying *** provide a brief overview of the different materials properties of importance for TCMs(e.g.,dopability,effective mass,and transparency)and present the ab initio techniques available to assess *** focus on the accuracy of the methodologies as well as their suitability for high-throughput ***,we review the different high-throughput computational studies searching for new TCMs and discuss their differences in terms of methodologies and main findings.

关键词： transparency conducting suitability